腐败蛋黄卵磷脂的提取

对腐败蛋黄卵磷脂的提取工艺进行初步探讨。结果表明,用95%乙醇提取3次获得约含18.5%卵磷脂的粗品卵磷脂,使用5%ZnCl2纯化粗卵磷脂后的回收率约为85.4%,含量达96.8%。薄层色谱分析结果显示自制的卵磷脂与卵磷脂样品Rf值一致。     

氧化铝吸附提纯大豆卵磷脂的工艺研究

以溶剂粗提后的大豆卵磷脂粗品为原料,采用氧化铝吸附法进行提纯.系统考察了氧化铝用量、乙醇用量、吸附时间和吸附温度等因素对大豆卵磷脂粗品中磷脂酰胆碱(PC)纯度及回收率的影响,得到最佳工艺条件为:大豆卵磷脂粗品与氧化铝质量比为1∶5,大豆卵磷脂粗品与无水乙醇配比为1∶60(m/v),吸附时间60min,吸附温度30℃.在此条件下,PC的纯度和回收率分别为70.23％和83.07％.     

新疆胡麻卵磷脂提取工艺及含量测定的研究

本研究建立了以新疆本地胡麻油脚为原料的卵磷脂提取工艺及双波长薄层扫描法测定胡麻卵磷脂中磷脂酰胆碱含量的分析方法。提取工艺为水化油脚真空浓缩脱水,丙酮脱油得粗磷脂;粗磷脂用超临界流体二氧化碳萃取纯化得磷脂;乙醇提取后最终得到以磷脂酰胆碱为主的卵磷脂。含量测定结果表明胡麻卵磷脂中磷脂酰胆碱的含量为62.4%,平均回收率为99.6%,RSD=3.42%。方法经济实用、结果可靠。     

PTLC法纯化大豆卵磷脂及鉴定

研究并讨论了市售级大豆卵磷脂提纯方法，以得到纯度较高的卵磷脂，能作为薄层扫描实验中的标准品。以市售级大豆卵磷脂为原料，采用制备型薄层色薄法（PTLC）进行纯化。将获得的纯品经化学和红外分析，证实其成分。实验证明：该提纯方法快速、简单、效果好，在科研过程中较为实用。     

基于高效薄层色谱法的胡麻卵磷脂质量分析

目的：建立胡麻卵磷脂的高效薄层色谱质量分析方法。方法：将卵磷脂供试品及磷脂酰胆碱标准品溶于氯仿-甲醇（3∶2,V/V）,以氯仿-甲醇-水（65∶25∶4,V/V）为展开系统,考察不同显色剂、展开系统、点样量、薄层板、检视方式、温度、相对湿度对卵磷脂供试品中不同组分分离的影响,进行高效薄层色谱定性分析;在确定的色谱条件下,将卵磷脂供试品及磷脂酰胆碱标准品进行展开,扫描磷脂酰胆碱峰面积,绘制标准曲线,外标法测定卵磷脂供试品中磷脂酰胆碱的含量。结果：卵磷脂供试品各组分分离情况良好,适于定性分析;卵磷脂供试品中磷脂酰胆碱的含量为63.33%,板间、板内精密度实验相对标准偏差（relative standard deviation,RSD）分别为1.82%和3.73%,稳定性实验RSD为1.60%,加标平均回收率为98.5%。结论：建立的方法快速准确、重复性好,可为卵磷脂质量分析提供新的技术参考。     

蛋黄卵磷脂的提取方法研究

为探讨从蛋黄中提取蛋黄卵磷脂的方法。试验以蛋黄为原料,采用有机溶剂和酶解法从蛋黄中提取卵磷脂粗品,然后分别经柱硅胶层析和金属离子沉淀法纯化获得卵磷脂精品,通过测定卵磷脂的含磷量,判断其纯度高低。结果显示:采用有机溶剂法获得蛋黄卵磷脂粗品,然后经柱硅胶层析纯化可获得高纯度蛋黄卵磷脂精品,总得率为8.38%,卵磷脂的含磷量为15.33%。是一种高效、经济的蛋黄卵磷脂提取方法。     

高纯度新疆胡麻卵磷脂的制备

以粉末状新疆胡麻磷脂粗品为原料,经金属离子沉淀法、柱层析法、全溶剂萃取法及薄层层析富集法等工艺制备了高纯度卵磷脂,并研究了金属离子沉淀法对柱层析分离磷脂混合物效果的影响。结果表明:以金属离子锌为复合沉淀离子,以中性氧化铝为吸附剂,以氯仿:甲醇:水=65:25:4(V:V:V)为洗脱剂进行等度洗脱,可获得高纯度的卵磷脂精品;未经金属离子沉淀法处理的磷脂混合物,氧化铝吸附柱层析法无法分离得到单一组分的卵磷脂,对于该部分磷脂混合物,研究采用薄层层析富集法获得卵磷脂纯品。所得卵磷脂采用红外光谱、紫外光谱、一维多次展开薄层层析、二维双液展开薄层层析等手段进行了鉴定。     

枸杞色素的提取及纯化技术

以制汁、制酒后的枸杞残渣为原料,通过有机溶剂进行提取,得到枸杞色素粗提品。试验结果表明,最佳提取溶剂乙酸乙酯,55℃下提取1h,提取3次可得最大提取率69%。用氧化镁柱层析对粗品进行纯化,用石油醚能有效洗脱粗品中的脂溶性杂质,再用石油醚丙酮(体积比10∶1)为洗脱液可有效洗脱得到类胡萝卜素,采用薄层色谱法(TLC法)、高效液相法(HPLC法)测定,β胡萝卜素、类胡萝卜素的纯度可达78%。     

蛋黄卵磷脂的纯化及含量的测定

采用柱层析的方法对提取的卵磷脂进行纯化,用消化定磷法测定卵磷脂的含量。结果表明,从蛋黄提取的卵磷脂粗品经柱层析纯化,精制卵磷脂的纯度达99.6%。用消化定磷法可以准确测定卵磷脂的含量,有较高的准确度。     

柱色谱法制备高纯大豆卵磷脂和脑磷脂研究

以大豆油脚为原料,采用溶剂萃取法和柱色谱法相结合的工艺制备高纯卵磷脂和脑磷脂,研究了不同洗脱剂及不同洗脱模式对卵磷脂和脑磷脂柱色谱分离效果的影响.实验结果表明:大豆油脚先经脱水、脱油,再经95%乙醇浸提后粗分为粗卵磷脂和粗脑磷脂,以硅胶为吸附介质,分别进行柱色谱分离.粗卵磷脂为原料用无水甲醇作为洗脱剂等度淋洗,可获得大量相对含量为91.9%的卵磷脂和少量含量为74.2%的脑磷脂产品;粗脑磷脂为原料用氯仿-甲醇(2:1,V/V)、无水甲醇的梯度淋洗模式,可获得少量含量96.7%的高纯卵磷脂和大量含量82.1%的脑磷脂产品.     

Effect of heating whey proteins in the presence of milk fat globule membrane extract or phospholipids from buttermilk

The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of phospholipids from buttermilk as a nucleus in the heat-induced aggregation of whey proteins. Solutions of whey proteins (5%, w/v) were adjusted to pH 4.6 or 6.8 and then heated at 65 or 80 °C for 25 min with or without 1% (w/v) of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) extract or phospholipid powder. The aggregation mechanisms were characterised using analysis with Ellman's reagent, one-dimensional gel electrophoresis, thin-layer chromatography, and three-dimensional confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Three-dimensional images showed protein/phospholipid interactions in the presence of MFGM extract or phospholipids, and thin-layer chromatography plates showed no trace of free phospholipids after 20 min at pH 4.6. Overall, the results demonstrate that phospholipids from buttermilk were involved in the formation of protein aggregates through the MFGM fragments at a low temperature, whereas phospholipids could interact directly with the proteins at a higher temperature (80 °C).     

Identification and Quantitative Analysis of Phospholipids in Cocoa Beans

SUMMARY: The lipids extracted from several common cocoa bean varieties were separated into neutral lipid, glycolipid, and phospholipid fractions. The composition of the total lipid extract was 98% neutral lipid and 1 to 2% oolar lioid of which aporoximatelv 70% was glycolipid and 30% was phospholipids. Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography was used to separate all of the known major phospholipids. The relative distribution of the phospholipids was determined by quantitative phosphorus analyses of individual spots scraped from two-dimensional thin-layer plates. The major components were lysophosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl inositol. Phosphatidyl choline was found to contribute 36 to 40% of the phospholipids of cocoa beans. The phospholipid composition of Accra, Arriba, and Bahia beans was shown to be quite similar although minor variations were observed.     

Effects of Microwave Heating and Gamma Irradiation on Phytate and Phospholipid Contents of Soybean (Glycine max. L.)

The effect of microwave heating and gamma irradiation treatments on phosphorus compounds of soybean seeds were studied. Inorganic phosphorus was significantly (P < 0.05) increased while, phytate and phospholipids were significantly decreased when soybean seeds were microwave-heated for 9 min or more. Furthermore, gamma-irradiation treatments of 20 KGy or more significantly increased inorganic phosphorus and decreased phytate and phospholipids of the beans. Two dimensional thin-layer chromatography was employed to study the phospholipid pattern. Gamma-irradiation at doses from 40 to 100 KGy produced lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid. The data of this study showed that, the increase of inorganic phosphorus was mainly due to the decomposition of phytic acids and phosphates of inositol.     

QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF BITTER SUBSTANCES IN HOPS BY THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

A method is described which allows the separation of hop bitter components and derivatives present in hops by thin-layer chromatography on a mixture of silica gel and cellulose. This method can be used to evaluate ageing and the quality of the hop.     

The Non-Saponifiable Constituents of Lettuce

SUMMARY— By means of thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography and chemical analyses the following substances were identified in dried Iceberg lettuce ( Lactztca sativ L.): ceryl alcohol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and the glycosides of the latter three sterols. An unidentified substance, probably a sterol, was detected by gas-liquid chromatography. A mixture of triterpenes identified as containing β-amyrin, ã-amyrin and Ψtaraxasterol was also found.     

QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF BITTER SUBSTANCES IN BEER,BY THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

A method is described which allows the separation of hop bitter components and derivatives present in beer by combined thin-layer chromatography on a mixture of silica gel and cellulose. This method can be used to evaluate the purity of beer bitterness and to recognize the beer hopping.     

薄层色谱法测定油脂中极性化合物含量

油脂在高温条件下发生水解、氧化、聚合反应会生成各种挥发性和不挥发性极性化合物。测定极性化合物含量的传统方法是柱层析法,此法操作繁琐,时间长且无法在油脂加工过程中直接使用。实验探索性地运用薄层色谱法,利用特定指示剂在各种高温氧化油脂中的比移值的不同测定油脂中的极性化合物含量。     

QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF HOP BITTER SUBSTANCES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES IN HOP EXTRACTS BY THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

A method is described which allows the separation of hop bitter components and derivatives present in hop extracts by thin-layer chromatography on a mixture of silica gel and cellulose. This method can be used to evaluate the purity of hop extracts, isomerized hop extracts and complementary base extracts.     

Phospholipids determination in vegetable oil by thin-layer chromatography and imaging densitometry

A rapid reliable method was developed to measure vegetable oil phospholipid content by thin-layer chromatography–imaging densitometry. Phospholipid samples were obtained from crude soybean oil by water degumming and then analyzed and quantified by thin-layer chromatography and imaging densitometry. Phosphatidyl choline (PC), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidyl inositol (PI) standard curves were generated. The total phospholipid content of the oil was 1.12–1.26%, of which 27.1 ± 1.86% was PC, 22.7 ± 0.45% was PE, while PI accounted for 17.2 ± 0.85% of the total. A high correlation coefficient of 0.985 was found for reproducibility of pixel area (OD*mm) at a constant concentration of standard phospholipid. Regression analysis of the pixel area vs the phospholipid (PC, PE, and PI) weights (μg) generated R² greater than 0.983. Thin-layer chromatography–imaging densitometry proved a useful tool for rapid determination and quantification of the major phospholipids in soybean oil.