国内外果葡糖浆生产现状与前景分析

1．果葡糖精装生产的发展状况国际上将果葡糖浆的生产发展分为三代。第一代果葡精装也叫果葡糖浆，简称42糖，其糖份组成为果糖42％（干基，下同）、葡萄糖53％、低聚据5％，浓度为71说，甜度约等于蔗糖；第H代吴葡糖浆叫高果葡糖浆，简称55糖，其精份组成为果糖55％、葡萄糖40％、低聚精5％，浓度为77％，甜度约为蔗糖的1．l倍；第三代果葡糖浆叫高纯果葡糖浆，简称叨糖，其精份组成为果糖叨％、葡萄糖7％，低聚精3％，浓度为80％．甜度约为蔗糖的1．4倍。第一代果葡糖浆的研制生产开始于以淀粉作原料，50年代发现葡萄糖经碱（NaO、KOH…     

离子色谱-脉冲安培检测器分析奶粉中低聚果糖

建立了离子色谱-脉冲安培检测分析奶粉中低聚果糖的方法。采用CarboPacPA200分离柱对分离条件进行了优化,确定柱温为30℃、淋洗液梯度洗脱,在10．0～50．0mg·L^-1范围内低聚果糖呈良好线性,回收率蔗果三糖（GF3）73．1％-82．6％、蔗果四糖（GF4）76．4％-82．9％、蔗果五糖（GF5）73．8％-77．6％,检出限分别为蔗果三糖10mg·kg^-1、蔗果四糖20mg·kg^-1、蔗果五糖24mg·kg～,精密度分别为蔗果三糖3．22％～4．61％、蔗果四糖4．60％-4．94％、蔗果五糖1．82％-3．26％。检测了乳粉中的低聚果糖．效果良好。     

蔗糖深加工的优良产品——低聚果糖

低聚果糖（蔗果三糖族低聚糖），其分子式为；G－F－Fn；n＝1～3（G为葡萄糖，F为果糖），它是由蔗糖和1～3个果糖基通过β－2－1键与蔗糖中的果糖基结合而成的蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖和蔗果五糖及其混合物。低聚果糖是一种以蔗糖为原料经现代生物工程技术生产而成的新一代保健食品     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法快速测定益生菌粉中低聚果糖含量

目的建立高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测(HPLC-ELSD)法,快速洗脱分离出蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖、蔗果五糖,测定益生菌粉中低聚果糖的含量。方法样品经过前处理,以乙腈和水为流动相,等度洗脱,经XAmide(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)中性酰胺色谱柱分离,采用蒸发激光检测器检测。结果蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖、蔗果五糖线性范围分别在0.2671~3.168 mg/m L、0.2429~2.8215 mg/m L、0.1617~3.544 mg/m L,线性相关系数r0.99。3种主要组成的回收率在97.0%~105.0%之间。结论该方法可有效分离出蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖、蔗果五糖,推广性高、快速、简便、准确,可用于益生菌粉中低聚果糖含量的测定。     

利用蒸发光散射检测器测定食品中的低聚果糖

采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器在同一色谱条件下对不同种类食品中低聚果糖含量的测定。结果表明,在该检测条件下,食品中低聚果糖组分的能够得到有效的分离,基线平稳。蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖、蔗果五糖的检测范围在0.67mg/m L~14.0 mg/m L之间,线性相关系数在99.95%以上。不同种类的食品样品中,低聚果糖3种组分的回收率在95.20%~100.15%之间。该方法灵敏度高,准确,快捷,适合于食品中低聚果糖含量的测定。     

高效离子色谱法分离、检测低聚果糖

采用CarboPac PA20柱和脉冲安培检测器的高效阴离子交换色谱建立一种低聚果糖的分析方法,该法可有效分离蔗果型和果果型低聚糖组分,并由此推测出低聚果糖的来源。结果表明,在优化条件下,蔗果低聚糖中蔗果三糖、新蔗果三塘、蔗果四糖和蔗果五糖的回收率分别为98.27%～99.72%、97.32%～102.56%、99.33%～101.81%和97.38%～102.12%。该法的相对标准偏差在0.55%～2.15%。蔗果三糖、新蔗果三塘、蔗果四糖和蔗果五糖的方法检出限分别为0.13、0.19、0.20 μg/g和0.41 μg/g。蔗果三糖在0.3～18 μg/mL、新蔗果三糖和蔗果四糖在0.5～20 μg/mL、蔗果五糖在0.8～23 μg/mL的范围内,其质量浓度与峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数在0.999 6～0.999 9之间。本方法简单、易于掌握,测定结果准确,适合低聚果糖产品及蛋白粉和奶粉等功能性食品中低聚果糖成分的检测分析。     

淀粉糖浆的生产和在啤酒工业中的应用

一、糖浆的品种与组成糖浆,是以糖类物质为主要组成份的食品用添加剂或辅助原料,是用淀粉质原料经酶法糖化加工而成的,所以,过去常将糖浆称为淀粉糖或淀粉糖浆。糖浆在我国已经有比较长的生产历史,主要产品是葡果糖浆、高麦芽糖浆(又称饴糖)。随着高浓啤酒发酵技术的应用,我国啤酒工业近几年开始使用糖浆。糖浆按照其糖的组成可以分为葡果糖浆,麦芽糖浆(含高麦芽糖浆,超高麦芽糖浆),异麦芽糖浆,低聚糖浆(又称寡糖糖浆),低聚异麦芽糖糖浆;按照     

食品中低聚果糖高效液相色谱检测方法研究

针对乳制品、糕点、酒类、饮料、糖果等食品中添加的功能活性成分低聚果糖,包括蔗果三糖(GF2)、蔗果四糖(GF3)、蔗果五糖(GF4)的检测,建立了水和乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,氨基色谱柱分离,蒸发光散射检测器(evaporativelight-scattering detector,ELSD)检测食品中添加的低聚果糖含量的高效液相色谱方法。蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖、蔗果五糖的线性工作范围分别为0·04~0·45、0·05~0·50、0·04~0·45mg/mL,线性相关系数R2分别为0·9999、0·9999、1。对不同类型的食品,三种低聚果糖的回收率在90·0%~110·0%之间,方法准确度高。室内重复性变异系数一般都低于10%,室间再现性变异系数一般都低于15%,说明方法的重复性和再现性良好。该方法简单、易于掌握,测定结果准确,适于复杂食品基质中低聚果糖含量的测定。     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器分析配方乳粉中的低聚果糖

建立了高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器检测配方乳粉中低聚果糖的方法,采用水和乙腈二元梯度淋洗,在28min内梯度洗脱,低聚果糖(蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖、蔗果五糖)分离效果好,蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖、蔗果五糖的平均回收率分别为84.4%、74.3%、69.5%,方法简便快速,结果准确可靠,可以用于配方乳粉中低聚果糖的检测。     

低聚果糖的特性及其开发应用

低聚糖又称寡糖，是由2～10个单糖单位通过糖苷键连接而成，可以是直链的，亦可以是分枝状连接的糖。由于单糖种类较多，又加连接个数和连接位置不同，可以构成多种多样的低聚糖，是糖中一大类。这种结构和组成的多样性导致其甜度、粘度、水分活度、膨松性、吸湿性、生理功能诸方面的不同。因此开发一些性能优良的低聚糖是为满足当前日益增长的食品加工要求和人们对甜味剂的选择开辟了一条新途径。一、什么是低聚果糖在蔗糖（GF）分子的果糖（F）侧连结1～3个果糖称低聚果糖，即蔗果三糖（GF2），蔗果四糖（GF3）及蔗果五糖（GF4）之总…     

Fructo-oligosaccharides: Production,Purification and Potential Applications

The nutritional and therapeutic benefits of prebiotics have attracted the keen interest of consumers and food processing industry for their use as food ingredients. Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), new alternative sweeteners, constitute 1-kestose, nystose, and 1-beta-fructofuranosyl nystose produced from sucrose by the action of fructosyltransferase from plants, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. FOS has low caloric values, non-cariogenic properties, and help gut absorption of ions, decrease levels of lipids and cholesterol and bifidus-stimulating functionality. The purified linear fructose oligomers are added to various food products like cookies, yoghurt, infant milk products, desserts, and beverages due to their potential health benefits. This review is focused on the various aspects of biotechnological production, purification and potential applications of fructo-oligosaccharides.     

高效离子色谱法检测婴幼儿配方奶粉中的功能性低聚糖

建立一种同时测定蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖、蔗果五糖、蔗果六糖、蔗果七糖、棉子糖、水苏糖、毛蕊花糖的高效离子色谱检测技术,采用CarboPac PA20色谱柱分离,以氢氧化钠-乙酸钠为流动相,梯度洗脱,使用脉冲安培检测器进行检测。结果表明,在本实验条件下8种功能性低聚糖得到了很好分离,回收率为80.0%~103%,相对标准偏差小于3%(n=6)。该方法能快速、准确、可靠地检测婴幼儿配方奶粉中功能性低聚糖的含量。     

Fructo-oligosaccharides in table grapes and response to storage

Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) have been recognized as health food ingredients with a protective effect against environmental stresses in plants. We have analyzed the profiles of individual FOS in Cardinal table grape pulp, until now undetected, and quantified their changes in response to low temperature and high CO₂ levels. FOS separation and quantification was carried out using anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD), and the glucose, fructose and sucrose content of the grapes was also determined. Five FOS were identified and quantified: 1-kestose, neokestose, nystose, nystose b and kestopentaose. While in non-treated table grapes the endogenous FOS remained at steady state levels during storage at 0 °C, exposure to 20% CO₂ for 3 days significant increases the levels of 1-kestose and kestopentaose, members of the inulin series. Considering the competitive advantage afforded by CO₂-treated grapes, this transitory FOS accumulation could provide protection against damage caused by low temperature storage.     

Recent trends in the microbial production,analysis and application of Fructooligosaccharides

This review focuses on the recent developments in the area of FOS research—its microbial production, functional properties and applications and an overview of the different analytical methods for the determination of the FTase. Different microbial sources of FTase reported in literature to produce FOS with different linkages to form 1-kestose, 6-kestose and neokestose in varying yields based on initial sucrose concentration is discussed. Different fermentative methods have been used for production of FOS. SSF has been used for the production of a value added product FOS utilizing various agroindustrial byproducts. The nutritional and culture parameters when optimized, the FOS yields and productivity could be improved. The use of immobilized enzymes and cells has led to the development of effective and economic methods for large-scale production of FOS. Forced flow Membrane reactor systems, biocatalyst system with a bioreactor equipped with a microfiltration systems, have been used for production of high content FOS by removing the released glucose and unreacted sucrose from the reaction mixture resulting in up to 98% FOS. The use of mixed enzyme system of Fructosyl Transferase and glucose oxidase or glucose dehydrogenase, could produce highly concentrated FOS up to 90–98%. Nano-filtration for removing glucose resulted in FOS of 90% concentration. The purified enzyme was found to produce kestose and nystose unlike the crude enzyme which produced GF₅ and GF₆ oligosaccharides Kinetic parameters (V_m, K_m, and K_i) of the enzyme were determined from experimental data on the transfructosylation rate at various substrate concentrations with and without addition of glucose Techniques like HPLC, using polar-bonded phase and resin-based HPLC columns are commonly used for separation of oligosaccharides with refractive Index Detector or pulsed amperometric detector and annular size exclusion chromatography for large scale and continuous fractionation. Other techniques like gas liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography, NMR and Mass Spectrometry have been used for structure analyses. The functional properties like use as prebiotics, dietary fiber, role in absorption and defense/Immunity, lipid metabolism control of diabetics have been discussed. A variety of applications in food formulations are also discussed.     

Effect of aronia berry honey syrup used for sweetening jams on their quality

The effects of sweetening agents on the quality of low sweetened jams were compared with respect to blackcurrant, raspberry, sour cherry, strawberry, and bilberry jams. The sweetening agents were sucrose, aronia berry honey syrup, and sucrose + honey syrup at a ratio of 1:1. The level of physicochemical indices, especially the content of vitamin C and anthocyanins determined directly after production and after 3- and 6-month storage, was used as the quality criterion for the evaluation of jams. Moreover, after 6-month storage the products were subjected to sensorial analysis. According to the accepted method of the investigation the produced jams were characterized by a 32-33% content of extract. During the production and 6-month storage the content of acids slightly and that of pectin considerably (from 26 to 46%) decreased, although the consistency of the jams was not affected thereby. In the case of vitamin C, its pronounced losses concerned raspberry (62-67% of the initial value), strawberry (57-61%), and sour cherry (57-58%), being distinctly smaller in blackcurrant (13-16%) and bilberry (15-35%) jams. With respect to anthocyanins a similar regularity was observed, the losses reaching 49-63% in strawberry jam, 40-56% in raspberry, 33-39% in sour cherry, 30-36% in blackcurrant, and 28-36% in bilberries. In almost all the products the losses of vitamin C and anthocyanins were higher when sweetening agent was aronia berry honey syrup. The organoleptic evaluation showed that the addition of aronia berry honey syrup to raspberry and strawberry jams slightly spoiled their colour but improved the aroma and taste. In the final score the significant differentiation in favour of the addition of aronia berry honey syrup concerned only blackcurrant, sour cherry, and bilberry jams.     

高效阴离子交换色谱法同时测定菊粉酶解产物中的单糖、双糖和低聚果糖

建立了低聚果糖样品中的葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖和蔗果五糖的高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培法的定量分析方法。采用阴离子交换柱CarboaPacTM PA10（250 mm×2 mm）脉冲安培法进行检测,以氢氧化钠和醋酸钠为淋洗液进行梯度洗脱,柱温30 ℃,流速0.3 mL/min。结果表明,葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖和蔗果五糖在质量浓度0.1～10 mg/L范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数r2大于0.996 1,各组分的相对标准偏差均在2.69%～7.21%之间。将此方法应用于菊粉酶解后反应产物的检测,结果表明该方法快速简便且灵敏度高,能满足反应样品中低聚果糖的检测要求。     

高效液相色谱法分析大豆和大豆低聚糖浆中糖的组成与含量

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对大豆种子及市售的大豆低聚糖浆中的可溶糖进行了分析,并利用α-半乳糖苷酶酶解大豆低聚糖浆及结合HPLC分析来推测大豆低聚糖浆的糖组成。HPLC分析条件为:Sugar-D色谱柱,75%乙腈为流动相,柱温40℃,流速为1.0ml/min,示差折光检测器。Sugar-D色谱柱的分离效果好,基线稳定,相对标准偏差1.0%～2.0%,标准回收率96.7%～100.7%。分析结果表明大豆种子和市售的大豆低聚糖浆中均含有果糖、蔗糖、蜜二糖、棉子糖、水苏糖以及二种保留时间介于蔗糖与蜜二糖之间的未知成分,而大豆低聚糖浆中还含有葡萄糖(半乳糖)和甘露三糖;大豆种子中主要含有蔗糖和水苏糖,而大豆低聚糖浆中含有较多的蔗糖、果糖、水苏糖和葡萄糖(半乳糖),功能性低聚糖主要为水苏糖和甘露三糖。     

Antidiabetic activity and molecular docking of fructooligosaccharides produced by Aureobasidium pullulans in poloxamer-407-induced T2DM rats

This study evaluated the beneficial effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) intake from Aureobasidium pullulans using poloxamer-407 (PX-407) induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rat. Administration of FOS enhanced enzymatic activities of catalase and glutathione reductase in a dose-dependent manner. Significant reduction in fasting plasma triacylglycerol and very low-density lipoprotein level coupled with slight increase in fasting plasma insulin level was observed. Significant decrease in severe glucosuria, proteinuria, blood creatinine, urea and advanced glycation end products was also observed. Supplementation of FOS increased glucagon like peptide-1 content as well as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli populations in the caecum. Molecular docking by Gold and Glide software revealed that three sugar types present in the FOS (1-kestose, nystose, and 1-β-fructofuranosyl nystose) are potent dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists. This work indicates that FOS can be positioned as a nutraceutical product, beneficial in diabetes-associated metabolic abnormalities.     

蔗糖转化果葡糖浆的生产工艺和分离提取研究进展

简述了蔗糖水解生产果葡糖浆的相关工艺技术,包括酸催化水解法、酶水解法和阳离子交换树脂法,同时介绍了果葡糖浆的分离技术,包括离子交换树脂吸附分离、色谱分离、结晶分离、硼酸盐分离、复盐分离等,以期为蔗糖转化果葡糖浆的资源化高效利用提供参考。