共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 85 毫秒
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一前言生物技术越来越多地应用于化学工业,据预测,将来生物技术可能取代20%的化学工业工艺。目前在精细化学品和药物制造,以及食品工业中都已较成熟地利用了生物催化剂。但是,在日益发展的工业应用中,这些生物催化剂也日渐暴露出它的缺陷。对于酶来说,它对热、有机溶剂和酸、碱溶液均不稳定,且会受许多酶抑制剂和蛋白分解酶的影响,加上酶溶解在水溶液中,因此,反应后回收 相似文献
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综述了微生物固定化技术在BOD微生物传感器上的研究应用进展,重点讨论了固定化微生物寿命和稳定性影响因素。 相似文献
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非水相固定化生物催化技术有效拓宽了生物催化过程研究的应用范围。本文分别介绍了水-有机溶剂两相以及离子液体、超临界流体、质子惰性有机溶剂和深低共熔溶剂等新型非水相介质以及无机和高分子载体及无载体固定化技术在生物催化研究中的应用进展。展现了各种非水相介质与固定化技术对底物溶解度、酶的稳定性及产物产量等性能的促进作用,体现了其对酶活及生物催化反应的选择性等方面的不利影响,而且突出显示了非水相介质与固定化技术的结合是提高酶和微生物的活性、稳定性与选择性等性能的一个有效手段,再通过生物反应器的选择或设计以及工艺优化,有助于一些生物催化过程更高效地实现工业化。 相似文献
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金属有机骨架(MOFs)是由金属离子簇与有机配体组成的三维复合结构,具有比表面积大、种类多、负载量大、结构稳定等特征,其多孔结构能够维持生物分子构型、增强生物稳定性、提高生物分子负载效率。生物或药物分子通过表面固定、扩散固定或封装固定负载在MOFs表面或内部,MOFs能够通过调节金属离子簇与有机配体设计出具有不同孔隙率、不同孔径的生物亲和性多孔骨架结构。对近年来MOFs在酶固定化、细胞固定化、核酸固定化、药物固定化方面的应用研究进展进行了综述,为生物分子固定载体材料的研究提供了新的方向与理论支持。 相似文献
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乙酰胆碱酯酶固定化方法的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以戊二醛为交联剂,牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为保护剂,将乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)交联固定到商品载体上,制备固定化酶片。对影响酶固定化的重要因素进行了考察,获得了最佳固定化条件。实验结果表明,以孔径为0.45μm的硝酸纤维素滤膜作栽体,乙酰胆碱酯酶用量10U,5%(体积分数)戊二醛2μL,1%(质量分数)BSA10μL,配成70μL的酶溶液,3℃固定8h,可获得较好的固定化效果。不同批次制备的酶片,其活力值标准偏差为3.27%~5.03%,酶片在0.1mol/L pH8.5磷酸盐缓冲溶液中3℃下可保存60d。‘ 相似文献
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Niru Ye Xiaoxue Kou Prof. Jun Shen Dr. Siming Huang Dr. Guosheng Chen Prof. Gangfeng Ouyang 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2020,21(18):2585-2590
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with attractive properties such as high surface area, tunable porosity, designable functionality and excellent stability, have aroused great interest from researchers as the matrices for enzyme immobilization. Recently, several efficient strategies including surface immobilization, post-synthetic infiltration and in situ encapsulation have been explored. MOF-immobilized enzymes, named enzymes@MOFs, show remarkably enhanced stability and recyclability, accelerating cell-free biocatalysis in diverse applications. This concept will impart the typical strategies for enzyme immobilization with MOFs, and their potential applications. 相似文献
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固定化酶克服了游离酶易失活、稳定性差、难以回收利用的缺点,扩大了酶的实际应用范围。近年来,由于金属有机框架(metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)独特的性质,如比表面积大、孔隙率高、孔径可调节、开放的金属位点和多样的结构组成等,其作为固定化酶的新型载体成为研究热点。本文综述了近年来MOFs固定化酶的研究进展,其中重点讨论了酶在MOFs上的固定化方法(从头合成和后合成)和机理(载体包埋、表面吸附、共价连接和孔道扩散),并且分析了不同合成方法的优势和局限性,如从头合成可以选择孔径小于目标酶尺寸的MOFs,但要求MOFs的合成条件温和;后合成可以选择合成条件苛刻的MOFs,但固定化过程相对复杂。此外,还对MOFs固定化酶在环境污染物检测和去除方面的应用进展进行了总结。最后对MOFs固定化酶在环境领域的应用研究和面临的挑战进行了展望,提出应关注MOFs固定化酶中MOFs和酶对污染物的协同作用以及MOFs固定化酶的可控制备。 相似文献
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H. Noureddini X. Gao S. Joshi P. R. Wagner 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2002,79(1):33-40
The immobilization of Lipase PS from Pseudomonas cepacia by entrapment within a chemically inert hydrophobic solgel support was studied. The gel-entrapped lipase was prepared by
the hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), isobutyltrimethoxysilane (iso-BTMS), and n-butyltrimethoxysilane. The immobilized lipase was subsequently used in the hydrolysis of soybean oil to determine its activity,
recyclability, and thermostability. The biocatalyst so prepared was equal to or better than the free enzyme in its hydrolytic
activity. The catalytic activity of the entrapped lipase strongly depended on the type of precursor that was used in its preparation.
The lipase entrapped within TMOS/iso-BTMS showed the highest activity. The catalytic activity of the immobilized lipase was
more pronounced during the earlier stages of the reaction. Thermostability of the lipase was significantly improved in the
immobilized form. The immobilized lipase was stable up to 70°C, whereas for the free enzyme, moderate to severe loss of activity
was observed beyond 40°C. The immobilized lipase was consistently more active and stable than the free enzyme. The immobilized
lipase also proved to be very stable, as it retained more than 95% of its initial activity after twelve 1-h reactions. 相似文献
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Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was modified through plasma polymerization of aniline by applying different radio frequency (radio frequency (RF): 13.56?MHz) powers. The modified MWCNTs were investigated in terms of morphology, chemical structure, and thermal behaviors, indicating the formation of composites based on the surface modification of MWCNT with polyaniline (PANI). These composites were then used in amperometric glucose biosensor, which was constructed by immobilizing glucose oxidase on premodified Pt electrode with PANI/MWCNT composites. The biosensor based on the composite obtained under RF power of 60?W exhibited the high sensitivity of 54.91?µA mM?1 cm?2 to glucose. 相似文献