Viscosity changes in coal paste during hydrogenation

Using a viscometer that operates up to a maximum pressure of 29.4 MPa and a maximum temperature of 550 °C, the viscosity of coal paste and its changes with temperature were investigated, and also some effects of: type of vehicle oil, coal to vehicle oil ratio, coal particle size, atmosphere, pressure, catalyst and coal rank. In the viscosity-temperature curve for the paste from high rank bituminous coals, a peak was observed near 300 °C, which is considered to be due to the extractive disintegration of the coal by the vehicle oil. Under hydrogenation with high pressure hydrogen and hydrogenation catalyst, the extractive disintegration of coal was promoted, and the viscosity was higher than that in nitrogen atmosphere. The viscosity behaviour of the coal paste from low rank coals was the same as that of the vehicle oil alone.     

神经网络预测煤焦高温气化反应速率研究

神华大柳塔煤和兖州北宿煤都是气流床气化的优良煤种.通过三种算法的比较,采用BP神经网络的L-M算法,分析煤的制焦终温与制焦升温速率、气化反应温度、Vdaf和煤焦H/C原子比等不同因子对煤焦气化反应速率模型预测精度的影响,建立了基于Matlab下神华大柳塔单煤种四因子和神华-兖州双煤种五因子煤焦高温气化反应速率神经网络预测模型,得到比较满意的结果,其相对误差分别是0.167和0.264.     

低阶煤高温高压水热处理改性及其成浆特性

褐煤、亚烟煤等低阶煤内水、氧含量大,直接制备浆体燃料,成浆浓度低、粘度大、流动性差。通过高温高压对低阶煤进行水热处理(热水反应),可以在较短时间内提升其煤阶和热值,同时改变其理化特征,进而较大程度提高其成浆浓度。结果表明,热水反应后,小龙潭褐煤最大成浆浓度可以由44.6%(原煤)提高到64.55%;印尼MIP亚烟煤最大成浆浓度则由39.71%(原煤)提高到64.61%。不同反应终温对于热水反应产物的成浆性能改善程度不同,从含氧基团化学分析以及煤水界面接触角两个方面进行了机理探讨。     

掺烧方式对神华煤结渣趋势的影响

介绍了神华煤与其它煤种不同掺烧方式对炉内结渣的影响。对神华煤与兖州煤、大同煤的切换燃烧进行了模拟实验研究,结果表明煤种切换过程中结渣加重,并对加重原因进行了详细分析。最后对间断掺烧方式出现的掉大渣现象进行了分析说明。     

油煤浆黏温特性研究进展

煤直接液化技术是缓解石油供需矛盾、实现煤炭清洁高效利用的重要技术途径之一,油煤浆的黏温特性对其配制、输送、加压、预热及反应性能具有重要影响。本文从油煤浆黏温特性的变化规律、研究方法、变化机理、影响因素等方面的研究进展进行了综述。在升温过程中,油煤浆流变特性表现为非牛顿流体,具有剪切稀化特性;高温高压下黏度测定方法主要有4种;分析黏温特性变化机理：煤浆制备和升温阶段黏度变化主要由溶胀作用导致,高温阶段主要由煤裂解产生沥青质（尤其是前沥青烯）导致;从溶剂、煤的性质（煤阶、显微组分及粒径分布）、剪切速率、油煤浆浓度、催化剂和氢分压等方面分析了油煤浆黏温特性的影响因素。最后指出了未来油煤浆黏温特性的研究方向,为我国煤直接液化技术的进一步发展提供参考。     

精细水煤浆的颗粒分形特征对燃烧特性的影响规律

利用神华、兖州和淮南3种煤制备了精细水煤浆,并对精细煤粉颗粒的粒度分布与表面分形特征、精细水煤浆的流变特性和不同升温速率下的燃烧特性进行了研究。结果表明随着精细煤粉的表面分形维数增大,其比表面积增大,粒度、孔径均相应减小,相同浓度下的精细浆的表观黏度值上升,精细水煤浆的着火温度和燃烧反应活化能降低。其中表观黏度值以淮南精细浆与兖州精细浆增加较多,在100 s^-1下都增加了740 mPa·s。着火温度和燃烧反应活化能都以淮南精细浆降低最多,其着火温度降低了41.36℃,燃烧反应活化能降低了77.71 kJ·kmol^-1。     

兖州煤与木质素共液化反应性的研究

采用单因素法,以四氢萘为供氢溶剂,以Fe2O3和S为催化剂,在高压釜内,研究了配比、温度、反应时间和初始氢压对兖州煤与木质素共液化反应性的影响.结果表明,在液化中适量添加木质素可提高兖州煤的液化反应性.综合考虑实验条件和经济成本,得到共液化的最佳工艺条件为:兖州煤:木质素(质量比)=9:1,440℃,60min,8MPa,在此条件下转化率与油产率分别为86.8%与62.9%.     

升温速率及水蒸气分压改变对神华煤焦及其显微组分焦气化反应性的影响

用非等温热重法考察了神华煤焦及其显微组分富集物焦的水蒸气气化反应,分析了升温速率、水蒸气分压改变对煤焦及其显微组分富集物焦气化反应性的影响。利用最大反应速率和半衰期两种方法评价了所选样品的气化反应性。结果表明：对神华煤而言,在相同的气化反应条件下,当升温速率和水蒸气分压发生改变时,其气化反应性顺序均为,镜质组富集物焦〉原煤焦〉惰质组富集物焦。     

Effects of pore fractal structures of ultrafine coal water slurries on rheological behaviors and combustion dynamics

The ultrafine coal water slurry (CWS) with the particle size of 1-10 μm, ash content of 1-2%, solid concentration of 50% is a promising substitute fuel for diesel oil. The effects of pore fractal structures of three ultrafine CWSs on their rheological behaviors and combustion dynamics were studied in this paper. When the pore fractal dimensions of Yanzhou, Huainan and Shenhua ultrafine CWSs increase, their apparent viscosities all increase and the increase extents gradually enlarge with decreasing shear rates, while their ignition temperatures and apparent activation energies all decrease. For example, when the pore fractal dimension of Yanzhou coal increases from 2.31 to 2.43, the CWS apparent viscosity at a low shear rate of 12 s⁻¹ increases from 75 mPa s to 2400 mPa s, and that at a high shear rate of 100 s⁻¹ increases from 80 mPa s to 820 mPa s. Meanwhile, the ignition temperature of Yanzhou CWS decreases from 445 °C to 417 °C at a heating rate of 12.5 °C/min, and the apparent activation energy decreases from 104 kJ/mol to 32 kJ/mol.     

煤与塑料低温共焦化过程中的热塑性研究

利用加压微型膨胀仪（ＨＰＭＤ）,进行塑料和八一焦煤的热塑性研究。考察了添加不同比例的各种塑料对煤热塑性的影响。结果表明塑料的添加使胶质体的膨胀体积减小,为了在共焦化过程中产生一定膨胀,塑料的添加量不宜超过５％,这样可提高胶质体的数量和流动性,添加塑料对煤的粘结性具有双重作用。     

加压水蒸气下年轻煤脱氧改质的研究

年轻煤是煤液化的良好原料 ,但它的氧含量高增加了煤液化过程中无用的氢耗 ,对这些煤进行脱氧改质有重要的意义 .选择了四种年轻煤——霍林河、小龙潭、义马和神华煤在高压釜内水蒸气气氛下进行了脱氧改质的研究 .结果表明 ,处理后煤样的氧含量和含氧官能团降低显著 ,氧的脱除率最高达到了 2 0 .7% .此外 ,煤质还有一些其他的变化 ,如热值和碳含量有所提高 ,最高内在水分和挥发分降低 ,表明煤阶有所提高 .对煤中的总酸性基、羧基和酚羟基的化学分析显示 ,脱氧改质后煤样的羧基、酚羟基等含氧官能团明显降低 ,羧基和酚羟基的最高脱除率分别达到了78.5 %和 31 .3% ,达到了脱氧改质的目的 .     

高硫煤加氢热解脱硫研究

在常压固定床上,温度450—750℃,氢气流速300—900 mL/m in和升温速度15℃/m in的实验条件下,对沟底高硫煤加氢热解脱硫的影响因素进行了研究。实验结果表明,适当增加氢气的流速,提高反应最终温度和延长停留时间,对高硫煤加氢热解脱硫效率的提高和降低残留物中的硫质量分数都是有利的;利用气相色谱研究了硫化氢气体的逸出规律,随着热解温度的提高,硫化氢气体逸出曲线表现为2个峰。研究认为,高温峰源于硫铁矿和噻吩类含硫化合物中硫的脱除,而低温峰源于脂肪族含硫化合物硫的脱除。煤脱硫反应的热力学也表明,随热解温度升高煤加氢热解脱硫分为2段。     

煤—焦炉气共热解特性及其增油减水方法研究

介绍了一种实现煤高产,洁净利用新途径－煤－焦炉气共热解的工艺过程,经济技术评价,应用前景以及近期研究结果,在实验的基础上,进一步证实了用焦炉气代替纯氢进行加氢热解的可行性及优越性,固定床热解实验及产品分析结果表明,与相同氢分压下的加氢热解相比,煤－焦炉共热解半焦和焦油收率以及脱硫率的均有所增加,而且焦油质量明显改善,但水分也有所增加,在煤－焦炉气共解中添加少量废塑料可达到增加焦油收率降低热解水分的     

Hydrogen production by methane cracking over different coal chars

Hydrogen production by methane cracking over a bed of different coal chars has been studied using a fixed bed reactor system operating at atmospheric pressure and 1123 K. The chars were prepared by pyrolysing four parent coals of different ranks, namely, Jincheng anthracite, Binxian bituminous coal, Xiaolongtan lignite and Shengli lignite, in nitrogen in the same fixed bed reactor operating at different pyrolysis temperatures and times. Hydrogen was the only gas-phase product detected with a GC during methane cracking. Both methane conversion and hydrogen yield decreased with increasing time on stream and pyrolysis temperature. The lower the coal rank, the greater the catalytic effect of the char. While the Shengli lignite char achieved the highest methane conversion and hydrogen yield in methane cracking amongst all chars prepared at pyrolysis temperature of 1173 K for 30 min, a higher catalytic activity was observed for the Xiaolongtan lignite char prepared at 973 K, indicating the importance of the nature of char surfaces. The catalytic activity of the coal chars were reduced by the carbon deposition. The coal chars had legible faces and sharp apertures before being subjected to methane cracking. The surfaces and pores of coal chars were covered with carbon deposits produced by methane cracking as evident in the SEM images. The results of BET surfaces areas of the coal chars revealed that the presence of micropores in the chars was not an exclusive reason for the catalytic effect of the chars in methane cracking.     

秸秆与兖州煤共液化反应条件的研究

在高压反应釜内,以四氢萘为供氢溶剂,Fe2O3＋S为催化剂,研究了温度、反应时间、初始氢压、配比对兖州煤与秸秆共液化的影响。结果表明,提高反应温度,转化率、油产率增加;延长反应时间对转化率、油产率的影响较小;升高初始氢压,转化率、油产率刚开始增加,6 MPa以后增幅趋缓;在m（秸秆）∶m（兖州煤）=0.5∶9.5时,共液化的油产率为60.45%,比兖州煤单独液化的油产率提高了4.17%;在m（兖州煤）∶m（秸秆）=9.5∶0.5,440℃,8 MPa,90 min的条件下,共液化转化率和油产率达到最大,分别为83.58%和63.1%。     

中国直接液化油煤浆及液化残渣流变特性研究进展

在煤直接液化工艺中,油煤浆和液化残渣的流变特性参数是工艺设计的重要基础数据之一。本文总结了我国液化油煤浆在常压常温、常压升温和加压升温条件下流变特性的研究进展和相应的流变模型,介绍了溶剂的性质、煤在溶剂中的溶胀、煤的热溶产物或初始液化反应产物等对煤浆体系黏度变化的影响,对开展我国液化油煤浆和液化残渣的流变特性研究,具有一定的指导意义。     

煤直接液化中煤浆黏度变化研究进展

在煤直接液化中,煤浆黏度变化是一个十分重要的工艺性问题,至今尚未得到充分研究．在升温过程中,由于煤与循环油之间的相互作用,煤浆黏度会发生明显变化,甚至出现一至两次突变．对煤浆在高温高压下黏度变化研究方法,各种因素如温度、煤阶、催化剂、剪切速率和油煤比等的影响及有关机理以及预测黏度变化的模型等作了概述和讨论,对进一步开展这一方面的研究和煤直接液化技术的工业开发有一定参考价值．     

神华煤的基本特征及配入炼焦对焦炭热性质的影响

低变质程度的神华煤就其本身性质而言不能用于炼焦生产,但是为了扩大其应用范围,同时缓解中国炼焦煤资源紧缺的现状,有必要进一步探讨神华煤的焦化特性。笔者较系统研究了神华煤的基本特征、煤岩特征及不同比例配入炼焦时对焦炭热性质和光学显微组织的影响。     

Coal blending theory for dry coal charging process

Nippon Steel has successfully developed dry coal charging processes such as CMC and DAPS for cokemaking. In this report, the fundamental aspects of the coal blending theory for dry coal charging processes are investigated. The investigation has made it clear that even in cases of high coal bulk density due to dry coal charging processes, it is possible to control coking pressure by adjusting the blending ratio of a slightly caking and low rank coal; and it is also possible to produce high quality coke by adjusting the total dilatation of the blended coal at a suitable level.     

铁系催化剂对煤高温快速液化的影响

以兖州煤为研究对象,采用微型反应釜研究了两种铁系催化剂对煤高温快速液化的影响.结果表明,担载Fe2S3的催化剂和高分散铁系催化剂对煤的热解行为影响较小;担载Fe2S3催化剂促进了氢气参与反应和煤液化产物向轻质化转化,在优秀和足量的供氢溶剂条件下,溶剂的供氢速度明显优于氢气转换的供氢速度,催化剂的作用不明显;对比添加高分散铁系催化剂并加助剂S和添加Fe2S3催化剂的煤高温快速液化,发现元素S的作用与S和主催化剂铁的结合形态有关.