嗜酸乳酸杆菌转化亚油酸为共轭亚油酸工艺条件的研究

对嗜酸乳酸杆菌转化亚油酸为共轭亚油酸的工艺条件进行了优化,其优化的工艺条件为:亚油酸与发酵液的比例为0.1%(体积比)、反应温度36℃、培养时间36 h、pH值6.0,此时共轭亚油酸的产率达37.85%.同时对共轭亚油酸异构体的组成进行了气相色谱分析.     

共轭亚油酸锌的合成工艺研究

通过利用共轭亚油酸的弱酸性质,将共轭亚油酸制成盐,以期生理功能的改变,本文利用具有生物功能活性的共轭亚油酸,先与氢氧化钠反应得到共轭亚油酸的钠盐溶液,再加入氯化锌溶液得到共轭亚油酸锌盐,平均收率为67%。为共轭亚油酸锌制成制剂的进一步研究提供了原料。     

共轭亚油酸盐的研究进展

本文通过共轭亚油酸的结构、生理功能,引出了共轭亚油酸盐的应用。并分别从共轭亚油酸的钙盐、锌盐、镁盐、钠盐和钾盐的应用出发综述了近年来有关共轭亚油酸盐的研究进展,阐述了其广泛的开发应用前景。     

共轭亚油酸及其酯类衍生物的氧化稳定性

采用分析氧化过程中脂肪酸组成的方法对共轭亚油酸及其衍生物的氧化稳定性进行了研究,结果表明,与亚油酸相比共轭亚油酸初级氧化产物形成的速度大,而共轭亚油酸次级氧化产物的形成速度要慢些;共轭亚油酸乙酯与亚油酸乙酯的氧化稳定性差别不大,比共轭亚油酸的氧化稳定性差,共轭亚油酸蔗糖酯的氧化稳定性最差。     

有机介质中包衣菌体催化合成c9,t11-共轭亚油酸

以3种脂肪醇(正辛醇、月桂醇和肉豆蔻醇)为原料,合成得到3种谷氨酸二烷基酯核糖醇(2C8GE、2C12GE和2C14GE),比较了不同谷氨酸二烷基酯核糖醇及其浓度和所用溶剂种类,以及缓冲液pH、包衣时间、温度和干燥方式对包衣Lactobacillus helveticus L7菌体酶活的影响。确定了制备包衣菌体的条件为:表面活性剂为谷氨酸双十二烷基酯核糖醇(2C12GE),将其配制成质量分数为1.0%的丙酮溶液;菌体用pH 5.8的磷酸盐缓冲液重悬;在4℃下处理4h经冷冻干燥而成包衣菌体。亚油酸经包衣菌体催化18h后,其转化率为95.3%,c9,t11-共轭亚油酸的产量为1906 mg/L。包衣菌体在有机溶剂中重复使用5次仍然具有较高的催化活性。在以亚油酸为底物时,包衣菌体中亚油酸异构酶的米氏常数(Km)为35.7 mmol/L,最大反应速度(Vmax)为5.6 mmol/h。经包衣处理后,菌体中亚油酸异构酶和底物的亲和力有所降低。     

共轭亚油酸乙酯的合成

采用间歇式反应 ,以硫酸、磷酸、对甲苯磺酸为催化剂对共轭亚油酸乙酯进行了合成 ,并采用正交实验设计研究了物料比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量对产品收率和品质的影响。硫酸、对甲苯磺酸催化活性佳 ,磷酸催化活性差。得到了如下合成工艺条件 :硫酸催化 ;n(共轭亚油酸 )∶n(无水乙醇 ) =1∶6;酯化反应温度 76℃ ;反应时间 1h ;催化剂用量为共轭亚油酸质量的 2 5 % ,收率可达 75 % ,产品w(共轭亚油酸乙酯 ) =77%～ 82 %。     

乙二醇单丁醚为溶剂制备共轭亚油酸的研究

以乙二醇单丁醚作为溶剂,KOH作催化剂,碱催化异构化法用豆油制备共轭亚油酸.通过正交设计,紫外光谱分析法考察了4种因素对亚油酸转化率的影响,并得出制备高亚油酸油脂合适的工艺条件:反应温度135℃,反应时间3 h,强碱催化剂与原料质量比为0.4:1,原料与溶剂质量比为2:3.在此条件下,亚油酸的平均转化率超过96%.结果表明,该溶剂能使反应在均相反应体系中较为温和的温度条件下较短的时间内完成.     

酯交换法合成共轭亚油酸三甘酯

采用酯交换反应,以共轭亚油酸乙酯、甘油为原料,脂肪酸钾为均相化试剂,无水K2CO3为催化剂,在压力～1 0kPa下反应制得共轭亚油酸三甘酯。合成工艺条件:n(共轭亚油酸乙酯)∶n(甘油)=6∶1;酯化反应温度140℃;反应时间～1 5h;无水K2CO3用量为共轭亚油酸乙酯质量的0 5%～1%;按统计平均值,产物三甘酯脂肪酸侧链中w(共轭亚油酸)>80%;产率(以甘油计)60%～65%。     

超临界CO2—共轭亚油酸乙酯萃取体系研究

利用带有视窗的相平衡装置对共轭亚油酸乙酯在超临界CO2中的溶解度进行了测定。并通过对相平衡釜内体系相态变化的观测,进一步研究超临界相行为。采用Chrastil经验方程对共轭亚油酸乙酯在超临界CO2中的溶解度进行模拟。共轭亚油酸乙酯体系计算值与实验值平均误差为2.43%。     

共轭亚油酸钠胶束的自交联行为研究

以高纯度天然亚油酸为原料,通过碱催化异构化反应制得一种阴离子可聚合脂质——共轭亚油酸钠。在水溶液中使共轭亚油酸钠分子自组装成球状胶束,再经自由基引发剂引发胶束内部共轭亚油酸钠分子间自交联反应,最终获得共轭亚油酸钠的球状自交联胶束。探索了引发剂种类和用量、反应时间和温度等因素对共轭亚油酸钠分子自交联程度的影响,并采用TEM技术直观表征所获自交联组装体的形貌。结果表明,以过硫酸铵为引发剂,80℃下使pH=13的共轭亚油酸钠水溶液交联反应10 h可以得到平均粒径为20 nm的球状自交联胶束,这是一种潜在的稳定性纳米药物载体或微反应器。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.     

实施水泵节能技改 实现节能降耗

介绍了内蒙古亿利化学工业有限公司在满足生产的前提下,对现有的循环水泵实施的节能技改及效果。     

泡沫起泡性、稳定性及评价方法

本文论述了泡沫的两个基本性质:起泡性和稳定性。对起泡性和提高泡沫稳定性的方法作了评价。