三七叶总皂苷对抑郁大鼠脑内单胺及神经因子的影响（英文）

建立慢性应激抑郁大鼠模型,采用ELISA法测定5-HT、NA、DA水平,ICH法测定BDNF、Trk B、p CREB、p ERK的表达,评价三七叶总皂苷对脑内单胺及神经因子的影响。建模五周后,与空白组比较,模型组大鼠体重、糖水偏好率分别降低了17.43%、39.49%,自主活动表现为探索能力降低、趋避能力升高,海马体质量百分比显著减少,呈现出人类抑郁症中体重下降、快感缺失、自主活动下降、海马体萎缩等核心症状。而给药组与模型组比较,上述指标得到有效逆转。与模型组比较,三七叶总皂苷高剂量组(100mg/kg)可以使脑内NA、DA水平分别升高13.89%及19.66%,而对5-HT水平没影响,并且使脑内BDNF、Trk B、p CREB、p ERK的表达分别上升16.67%、47.83%、20.42%、22.84%,表明三七叶总皂苷具有良好的抗抑郁作用。     

三七叶总皂苷对抑郁大鼠脑内单胺及神经因子的影响

建立慢性应激抑郁大鼠模型,采用ELISA法测定5-HT、NA、DA水平,ICH法测定BDNF、TrkB、pCREB、pERK的表达,评价三七叶总皂苷对脑内单胺及神经因子的影响。建模五周后,与空白组比较,模型组大鼠体重、糖水偏好率分别降低了17.43%、39.49%,自主活动表现为探索能力降低、趋避能力升高,海马体质量百分比显著减少,呈现出人类抑郁症中体重下降、快感缺失、自主活动下降、海马体萎缩等核心症状。而给药组与模型组比较,上述指标得到有效逆转。与模型组比较,三七叶总皂苷高剂量组（100 mg/kg）可以使脑内NA、DA水平分别升高13.89%及19.66%,而对5-HT水平没影响,并且使脑内BDNF、TrkB、pCREB、pERK的表达分别上升16.67%、47.83%、20.42%、22.84%,表明三七叶总皂苷具有良好的抗抑郁作用。     

酸枣仁皂苷A对抑郁小鼠行为及突触可塑性相关蛋白的作用

该文探究了酸枣仁皂苷A（Jujuboside A,JuA）对抑郁模型小鼠行为及神经突触可塑性相关蛋白表达的作用。通过悬尾实验、强迫游泳实验、旷场实验、Morris水迷宫实验评价小鼠的抑郁状态,免疫组织化学染色法检测小鼠海马组织中脑源性神经营养因子（Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor,BDNF）的表达水平,Western blot实验检测小鼠海马组织酪氨酸激酶受体B（Tyrosine Kinase Receptor B,TrkB）、cAMP反应元件结合蛋白（cAMP Responsive Element Binding,CREB）、突触后密度蛋白95（Postsynaptic Density Protein 95,PSD95）、自噬效应蛋白Beclin1（Autophagy Effector Protein Beclin1,Beclin1）的表达水平。结果表明,JuA显著改善抑郁模型小鼠的抑郁状态。同时,JuA作用后海马组织BDNF、TrkB、CREB、PSD95、Beclin1的表达水平较模型组分别上调了190.23%、137.24%、76.29%、169.32%、82.53%。综上所述,JuA对抑郁模型小鼠具有显著的抗抑郁作用,并能明上调BDNF、TrkB、CREB、PSD95、Beclin1等神经突触可塑性相关蛋白的表达。实验结果为JuA在抑郁症临床治疗方面的应用提供理论依据,并为探究抑郁症药物治疗靶点提供参考。     

三七总皂苷安全性的实验研究

目的 研究三七总皂苷对大鼠的亚慢性毒性作用.方法 以正常大鼠为研究对象,连续灌胃13周,以其体重、血液生化学、血液学、脏器相对重量、组织病理学检查为指标,全面评价其毒性作用.结果 三七总皂苷1.6 g/kg组大鼠体重增长明显延缓,肝肾功能指标(BUN、CR、AST、A LT)明显增加,心脏、肝脏、肾脏、肾上腺、睾丸、卵巢、脑等脏器系数明显增加,组织病理学检查表明肝脏和肾脏发生病变.结论 口服三七总皂苷1.6 g/kg对大鼠有明显的心、肝、肾、脑、肾上腺及生殖系统毒性.     

三七总皂苷安全性的实验研究

目的研究三七总皂苷对大鼠的亚慢性毒性作用。方法以正常大鼠为研究对象,连续灌胃13周,以其体重、血液生化学、血液学、脏器相对重量、组织病理学检查为指标,全面评价其毒性作用。结果三七总皂苷1.6 g/kg组大鼠体重增长明显延缓,肝肾功能指标(BUN、CR、AST、ALT)明显增加,心脏、肝脏、肾脏、肾上腺、睾丸、卵巢、脑等脏器系数明显增加,组织病理学检查表明肝脏和肾脏发生病变。结论口服三七总皂苷1.6 g/kg对大鼠有明显的心、肝、肾、脑、肾上腺及生殖系统毒性。     

核桃多酚对皮质酮损伤PC12细胞的作用机制

核桃多酚为核桃粕中的生物活性物质,具有重要的开发和应用价值。为探讨核桃多酚的潜在抗抑郁活性,采用皮质酮诱导的大鼠嗜铬瘤(PC12)细胞损伤模型,以细胞活力、细胞凋亡、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)释放量、细胞内钙离子水平评价核桃多酚在皮质酮损伤模型上的作用,并进一步采用蛋白免疫印迹法探讨核桃多酚对皮质酮损伤PC12细胞作用的机制。结果表明:核桃多酚(75、150μg/mL)预处理可显著逆转皮质酮损伤引起PC12细胞活力降低、细胞凋亡、LDH释放量增加和钙超载,发挥细胞保护作用；此外,核桃多酚可显著逆转皮质酮诱导的PC12细胞中cAMP依赖性蛋白激酶A(cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, PKA)活性降低,并下凋cAMP反应原件结合蛋白(cAMP-response element binding protein, CREB)133位丝氨酸的磷酸化和下游靶蛋白脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF)的表达量；进一步应用PKA阻断剂H89预处理消除了核桃多酚对皮质酮诱导的PC12细胞的保护作用,说明增加PKA/CREB/BDNF 信号通路活性是核桃多酚发挥抗皮质酮损伤作用必需的。研究结果表明,核桃多酚具有潜在的抗抑郁活性,可能是核桃饮食发挥抗抑郁作用的重要物质基础,其对皮质酮损伤的PC12细胞的保护作用与上调PKA/CREB/BDNF 信号通路有关。研究结果旨在探明核桃多酚的潜在抗抑郁活性及机制,并为核桃粕的高值化利用提供理论参考。     

茶氨酸联合γ-氨基丁酸改善CUMS大鼠抑郁症状的研究

目的:观察L-茶氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)联合干预对慢性不可预知温和刺激(CUMS)模型大鼠抑郁症状的缓解作用。方法:采用CUMS法建立抑郁症大鼠模型,不同剂量L-茶氨酸和GABA混合物或西酞普兰连续灌胃45 d,期间持续CUMS刺激。另设对照组,常规饲养。监测大鼠体重变化、糖水偏好程度、以及旷场实验水平运动、垂直运动等行为学指标,测定大鼠血清及脑组织中五羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)、白介素-6(IL-6)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、β-内啡肽(β-EP)的水平。结果:与对照组比较,CUMS大鼠体重、糖水消耗百分比、旷场水平和垂直运动显著降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,茶氨酸联合GABA干预可显著增加大鼠体重增量、糖水消耗百分比,运动距离和站立次数(P<0.05),抑郁大鼠血清及脑组织中5-HT、DA以及BDNF、β-EP的含量增加(P<0.05),降低IL-6的水平(P<0.05)。结论:L-茶氨酸和GABA联合干预对CUMS诱发的抑郁症有一定改善作用,且高剂量的作用更为显著。     

大叶紫薇总三萜对糖尿病大鼠的降糖效果研究

将大鼠随机分成正常对照组、模型对照组、大叶紫薇总三萜高剂量组和低剂量组,正常对照组与模型对照组喂服生理盐水,高、低剂量组分别按大鼠体重的0.025%和0.01%喂服大叶紫薇总三萜喂服28 d后,测葡萄糖耐量、血糖、尿糖、血脂、体重和糖化血红蛋白以考察大叶紫薇总三萜对糖尿病大鼠的降血糖作用.结果表明:大叶紫薇总三萜能非常显著地改善糖尿病大鼠的葡萄糖耐量,降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖,尿糖,血清TC,TG,LDL-C和糖化血红蛋白,升高HDL-C.因此,大叶紫薇总三萜对糖尿病大鼠有降糖效果.     

羟基红花黄色素A对脂多糖诱导抑郁模型大鼠的影响

目的：通过脂多糖（LPS）诱导建立大鼠抑郁模型,研究羟基红花黄色素A的抗抑郁作用。方法：腹腔注射LPS建立大鼠抑郁模型,设置正常对照组、模型组、阳性对照组和羟基红花黄色素A不同剂量给药组,评价大鼠抑郁样行为,检测大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、BDNF和5-HT含量,观察海马组织病理学变化,检测TLR/NLR信号通路蛋白表达情况。结果：与抑郁模型组相比,羟基红花黄色素A各剂量组大鼠水平运动、垂直运动及糖水偏好率增加,悬尾和游泳不动时间减少（P＜0.01）;血清BDNF、5-HT水平升高,TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6水平下降（P＜0.01）;海马组织TLR2、NLRP1、NLRP3、ASC、TLR4和Caspase-1蛋白表达水平均降低（P＜0.01）。结论：羟基红花黄色素A可改善LPS诱导的大鼠抑郁样行为,其机制可能与抑制TLR/NLR信号通路有关。     

人参皂苷Rg1缓解免疫抑制小鼠运动性疲劳的作用研究

研究人参皂苷Rg1对免疫抑制小鼠运动性疲劳的作用效果。选取40只雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为空白静止组(NCS)、空白运动组(NCE)、免疫抑制模型组(MR)、人参皂苷Rg1低剂量组(L, 12.5 mg/kg)、高剂量组(H, 25 mg/kg)。除空白组外,小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺,造成免疫低下模型后给予不同剂量的人参皂苷Rg1灌胃。通过游泳训练造成运动性疲劳后,记录小鼠体重、脏器指数和爬杆时间,以及血清尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、肌/肝糖原等指标的变化情况。结果表明:人参皂苷Rg1高剂量组较空白运动组与模型组小鼠爬杆时间分别增加了38.6%、84.1%;高剂量的人参皂苷Rg1可显著降低小鼠血清中的BUN含量和肝、骨骼肌中MDA含量。由此可见,人参皂苷Rg1可显著提高实验小鼠耐力及调节血清、肝和骨骼肌中疲劳相关生化指标的水平,对于免疫抑制小鼠具有较好的抗运动性疲劳的功效。     

Genetic and nongenetic variation in concentration of selenium, calcium, potassium, zinc, magnesium, and phosphorus in milk of Dutch Holstein-Friesian cows

Minerals found in milk, such as Se, Ca, K, Zn, Mg, and P, contribute to several vital physiological processes. The aim of this study was to quantify the genetic variation in levels of Se, Ca, K, Zn, Mg, and P in milk and to quantify the between-herd variation in the levels of these minerals in milk. One morning milk sample from each of 1,860 Dutch Holstein-Friesian cows from 388 commercial herds in the Netherlands was used. Concentration of minerals was determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Variance components were estimated using an animal model with covariates for days in milk and age at first calving; fixed effects for season of calving and effect of test or proven bull; and random effects for animal, herd, and error. Heritability and proportion of phenotypic variation that can be explained by herd were estimated using univariate analysis. The intraherd heritability for Se was low (0.20) whereas herd explained 65% of the total variation in Se. Variation between herds most likely results from variation in Se content in the feed, which partly reflects variation in Se levels in the soil. Intraherd heritabilities for Ca, K, Zn, Mg, and P were moderate to high and were 0.57, 0.46, 0.41, 0.60, and 0.62, respectively. For Ca, K, Zn, Mg, and P, the proportions of phenotypic variation that could be explained by herd were low (0.13-0.24). This study shows that there are possibilities for altering the mineral composition of milk. For Ca, K, Zn, Mg, and P, there are good prospects for selective breeding whereas, for Se, measures at farm level may be more effective.     

Copper, chromium, manganese, nickel and zinc in kidneys of cattle, pigs and sheep and in chicken livers in The Netherlands

Summary Kidneys of cattle, pigs and sheep and chicken livers have been analyzed for contents of copper, chromium, manganese, nickel and zinc. Mean levels found for copper, manganese and zinc correspond well with results of earlier studies as well as with literature data. Contents measured for chromium and nickel are very low: for nickel in porcine kidneys and sheep kidneys median values of 0.045 and 0.022 mg/kg were found. Average contents for nickel in the other tissues and for chromium in all tissues investigated are below 0.01 mg/kg fresh mass. These results for chromium and nickel correspond well with recent results from Sweden, but are lower than most published values.

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Kupfer, Chrom, Mangan, Nickel und Zink in Nieren von Rindern, Schweinen und Schafen und in Hühnerlebern in den Niederlanden

Zusammenfassung Nieren von Rindern, Schweinen und Schafen und Hühnerlebern wurden auf den Gehalt an Kupfer, Chrom, Mangan, Nickel und Zink untersucht. Die Durchschnittswerte für Kupfer, Mangan und Zink stimmen gut mit Ergebnissen früherer Untersuchungen und mit Literaturwerten überein. Die gemessenen Werte für Chrom und Nickel sind sehr niedrig; für Nickel in Schweine- und Schafnieren wurden mediane Gehalte von 0,045 und 0,022 mg/kg gefunden. Durchschnittswerte für Nickel in den übrigen Geweben und für Chrom in allen untersuchten Geweben liegen unterhalb 0,01 mg/kg Frischsubstanz. Diese Werte für Chrom und Nickel stimmen gut mit neueren Daten aus Schweden überein, aber sie sind niedriger als die meisten Literaturdaten.

     

Copper, chromium, manganese, nickel and zinc in kidneys of cattle, pigs and sheep and in chicken livers in The Netherlands

Kidneys of cattle, pigs and sheep and chicken livers have been analyzed for contents of copper, chromium, manganese, nickel and zinc. Mean levels found for copper, manganese and zinc correspond well with results of earlier studies as well as with literature data. Contents measured for chromium and nickel are very low: for nickel in porcine kidneys and sheep kidneys median values of 0.045 and 0.022 mg/kg were found. Average contents for nickel in the other tissues and for chromium in all tissues investigated are below 0.01 mg/kg fresh mass. These results for chromium and nickel correspond well with recent results from Sweden, but are lower than most published values.     

卷烟中锂、铬、镍、铜、砷、硒、钼、镉、铊和铅含量分析

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了41个牌号烤烟型卷烟和雪茄烟样品烟丝中的锂、铬、镍、铜、砷、硒、钼、镉、铊和铅含量,并按照类型和价位对卷烟中这10种有害元素含量进行了统计分析。结果发现:①卷烟中锂和铜的含量较高,铊的含量很低,铬、镍、镉、铅、砷、硒和钼7种元素的平均含量为0.55～4.42μg/g;②雪茄烟中铬、镍、砷、钼、镉、铊和铅的含量一般高于烤烟型卷烟,而硒元素的含量则相反,但差别较小;烤烟型卷烟中锂和铜的含量与雪茄烟没有显著差异;③高档卷烟中的锂、镍、镉、铊和铬含量较低,而砷、铅的含量较高;不同价位卷烟的铜、硒和钼含量差异不显著。     

Survey of iron,zinc, calcium,copper, lead,and cadmium in rice samples grown in Iran

In the present study ninety nine polished white rice samples were collected in three areas, all over Lorestan Province located in the west of Iran, and analysed for six elements by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). For individual elements, Zinc (Zn) showed the highest concentration among the analysed essential elements with a mean of 28.6 mg kg^?1 and next to copper (Cu) of 22.8 mg kg^?1. Analysis of the essential and toxic elements for possible inter-area variation by ANOVA showed that there are significant differences between the areas. There was no significant difference between areas for Zn concentrations. Most of the samples nearly contained world wide average concentration of iron (Fe) and Zn in rice grains that were reported by various researches. But, the content of calcium (Ca) in the rice samples produced in Lorestan Province were much lower than other countries, meanwhile Cu concentrations were much higher than other studies. Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) concentrations in the sampled rice were lower in comparison with their upper limits (0.1 and 0.2 mg kg^?1 for Cd and Pb, respectively) approved by Iranian Ministry of Health. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no health problems result from Lorestan rice consumption, for these two elements.     

Manganese, copper, zinc, iron, cadmium, mercury and lead in muscle meat, liver and kidneys of poultry, rabbit and sheep slaughtered in the northern part of Poland, 1987

Manganese, copper, zinc, iron, cadmium, mercury and lead concentrations have been determined in muscle meat, livers and kidneys of ducks, geese, chickens, hens, rabbits and sheep slaughtered in the northern part of Poland in 1987. The mean values obtained related to wet weight for muscle meat, livers and kidneys of animals were: 0.11-0.27, 0.73-3.3 and 0.90-1.9 mg/kg Mn; 0.52-7.3, 3.8-88 and 2.8-15 mg/kg Cu; 5.7-40, 20-45 and 21-30 mg/kg Zn; 10-35, 27-83 and 50-180 mg/kg Fe; less than 5-5, 16-140 and 250-5100 micrograms/kg Cd; less than 1-3, 2-10 and 5-12 micrograms/kg Hg; and less than 10-20, 100-210 and 120-1300 micrograms/kg Pb, respectively. Substantial differences have been found in the mean copper concentration in muscle meat, livers and kidneys, zinc and iron in muscle meat, and cadmium in kidneys, between some of the species examined. The mean and maximum concentrations of mercury and lead found in muscle meat and organs of animals in the present study were low, and only in the case of cadmium were somewhat higher values found in kidneys of rabbit and hen. The results obtained are compared with the literature data on the concentrations of the metals examined in muscle meat, livers and kidneys of poultry, rabbit and sheep in Poland or elsewhere.     

The levels of zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, chromium, nickel, cobalt, and aluminium in the meat, liver and kidney of swedish pigs and cattle

Summary The levels of zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, chromium, nickel, cobalt, and aluminium were determined in samples of meat, liver and kidney from pigs and cattle from Swedish slaughterhouses. The results have been compared with those reported from other investigations carried out in recent years. For zinc, copper, manganese and selenium, the mean levels found in the different tissues were very similar to those reported in previous studies. The mean levels of chromium and nickel were found to be in the range <0.010–0.015 mg/kg, regardless of the type of tissue. Cobalt levels ranged from 0.001 to 0.043 mg/kg, the highest levels being in the liver samples. The mean levels of aluminium were between 0.024 and 0.068 mg/kg. Tissues from cattle contained approximately twice as much aluminium as tissues from pigs. Analytical quality assurance was carried out by analysing standard reference materials. A great effort was made to minimize and check contamination. This may partly explain the fact that the levels of chromium, nickel, and aluminium found in the present study are among the lowest reported.

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Gehalt an Zink, Kupfer, Mangan, Selen, Chrom, Nickel, Kobalt und Aluminium in Fleisch, Leber und Nieren von schwedischen Schweinen und Rindvieh

Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Gehalt an Zink, Kupfer, Mangan, Selen, Chrom, Nickel, Kobalt und Aluminium in Fleisch, Leber und Nieren vom Schwein und Rind aus schwedischen Schlachthäusern bestimmt. Diese Ergebnisse wurden mit denen anderer Untersuchungen verglichen. Die Durchschnittswerte für Zink, Kupfer, Mangan und Selen in verschiedenen Geweben waren ungefähr die gleichen wie in früheren Untersuchungen; die für Chrom und Nickel lagen alle im Intervall <0,010 bis zu 0,015 mg/kg, unabhängig von der Art der Gewebe, und die für Kobalt zwischen 0,001 und 0,043 mg/kg, mit den höchsten Werten in der Leber. Für Aluminium ergaben sich Durchschnittswerte zwischen 0,024 und 0,068 mg/kg, wobei die Gewebe vom Rind ungefahr doppelt so viel Aluminium enthalten wie die Gewebe vom Schwein. Die analytische Qualitätskontrolle wurde mit Referenzmaterial durchgeführt. Viel Arbeit wurde zur Minimierung und Kontrolle der Kontamination aufgewendet. Das kann zu einem Teil erklären, daß die Werte von Chrom, Nickel und Aluminium unserer Untersuchung zu den niedrigsten bisher veröffentlichten Werten gehören.