我国传统木质家具胶粘剂的研究

介绍了中国传统木质家具胶粘剂的分类、制作工艺和性质,并分析了传统家具用胶现状,阐述了榫卯家具用胶未来发展需要注意的问题。     

表面胶的特点及其应用

本报告中就碱法骨胶(B)型、酸法骨胶(A型)为代表的两种类型的表面胶,分别作了冻力、粘度、凝冻时间、坚膜性能及离子含量的测定,并讨论了A、B两类胶在物化性能方面的区别。把A、B两种类型的表面胶应用于油彩正的护膜、隔层,获得了良好的结果。     

一种新的鞋用胶粘剂

叙述鞋用胶粘剂发展现状及新的鞋用胶种P-20,对鞋用胶粘剂(P-20)、鞋用氯丁胶、鞋用聚氨酯胶粘接工艺条件和经济效益作一对比。     

快速耳用胶（简称EC胶）

本文对快速耳用胶(EC胶)的主体胶的确定、增韧剂和增稠剂的选择及其加入量的确定、稳定性能的考查等,通过实验进行了介绍,推出了该胶的制造工艺,提出了相应的技术标准和测试方法。     

混炼工艺对炭黑/CR/BR复合材料性 能的影响

工作以CR/BR并用胶为基体材料、炭黑为补强填料制备炭黑/CR/BR复合材料,探究炭黑的添加顺序与薄通工艺对炭黑在CR/BR并用胶中的分散性及其硫化胶性能的影响。结果表明：在不同混炼工艺制备炭黑/CR/BR并用胶中,采用先将炭黑混入BR相中再与CR共混的工艺很好的提高了炭黑的分散性,炭黑/CR/BR复合材料的硫化特性和物理性能随炭黑分散性变好而得到提高;薄通5次时各种配合剂在并用胶中分散性良好。     

汽车涂装中门折边PVC密封胶气泡原因分析与改善

汽车涂装使用的PVC胶通常分为焊缝密封胶和防石击底涂胶,主要用于车身门盖折边、钣金搭接区域、裸露的切边、车身底盘等部位,作用是增加车身的密封性、耐久性及装饰性,同时达到减震降噪的目的,提高车身的抗腐蚀能力。防石击底涂胶由于位置、材料黏度较低等特性,质量问题较少,但焊缝密封胶经常出现涂胶气泡等问题。结合某生产现场新车型投产时中门盖折边胶气泡原因分析与改善过程,讨论了PVC焊缝密封胶的材料特性、涂胶烘干过程、输胶系统、焊装折边胶等因素对密封胶气泡的影响,并制定了有效的控制措施,降低气泡发生的频次。     

小直径封隔器胶筒的研制

介绍了原油开采用小直径(104mm)封隔器胶筒的胶料配方和结构设计。采用NBR为主体材料、DCP为硫化剂、甲基丙烯酸镁和炭黑为补强刑的配合，结构为简单桶形，高度为100mm的胶筒强度高、弹性好，在模拟井下工作状态(浸油、120℃)试验中密封压差达到25MPa，能满足油田大部分套变井的施工要求。     

玻璃纤维用接头胶的优化

在退并和织造玻纤纱时,常常会出现断纱.对此,有的厂家采用打结接头法,但目前一般厂家多采用搭头粘接法.我厂过去一直采用上海耀华玻璃厂的配方配制玻纤纱用接头胶.在使用中发现一到冬季,胶的粘结强度降低,干燥速度较快.为此,我们查阅了有关资料,做了一些实验.对原配方进行了改进,配制了新的接头胶,经我厂退并和织布两车间分别使用,反应较好.     

水性聚氨酯鞋用胶的制备及性能

以六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇(PBA)和二羟甲基丁酸(DMBA)为主要原料,合成了水性聚氨酯(WPU)鞋用胶。研究结果表明:当R=[n(—NCO)︰n(—OH)]=(1.2~1.4)︰1、w(DMBA)=1.0%(相对于WPU鞋用胶质量而言)时,合成的WPU鞋用胶之综合性能相对最好,其固含量较高、初始黏度较大、吸水率较低、剥离强度较高且储存稳定性较好。     

颗粒介质用机械密封热力耦合变形及摩擦磨损研究

在含有颗粒介质的工作环境中下,硬质材料配对机械密封环的热力耦合变形和摩擦磨损对机械密封的泄漏和使用寿命起着至关重要的作用。考虑动静环和颗粒介质的摩擦,试验测定了摩擦系数,建立了动静环热力耦合的有限元计算模型,研究了WC-Co硬质合金和无压烧结碳化硅（SSiC）陶瓷两种硬质材料密封的温度场和端面变形规律,分析了不同工况下的密封间隙变化规律。试验测试分析了密封环温度、磨损前后的泄漏及表面粗糙度,讨论了端面的磨损机理,验证了计算模型的准确性。结果表明：考虑动环磨粒摩擦热的有限元模型能准确地预测密封的温度和端面变形;耦合作用下动静环端面呈现外径脱离、内径贴合的变形,且变形差异程度随压差和转速的增大而加剧;变形导致端面磨痕分布不均匀,内径磨痕较严重。WC-Co硬质合金配对密封环的端面变形小、泄漏量小,高硬度WC颗粒对Co基体能产生很好的“阴影效应”,具有良好的耐磨粒磨损性能。SSiC陶瓷材料韧性差,易产生片状磨屑,形成过渡型磨粒磨损,材料耐磨性较差,泄漏量增加明显。在磨粒工况下,WC-Co硬质合金机械密封具有泄漏小、耐磨性强的特点。研究结果为颗粒介质中机械密封的材料应用及设计优化提供了参考。     

Some gas phase reactions during the firing of magnesite-chromite refractories in a tunnel kiln

Conclusions A correlation is shown between the high-temperature, physicochemical processes in basic refractories, changes and reactions in the gaseous phase, and the nature of the wear of the roof of a tunnel kiln.As a result of dissociation, oxidation, and volatilization the waste gases are enriched with vapors of alkalis, CrO₃, sulfur trioxide, and oxides of iron and magnesium, and become corrosive with respect to the kiln lining. The reaction of the oxides vapors with each other and with the lining of the roof and their condensation determines the nature of the wear in the magnesite-chromite refractories, the chemical and mineral compositions of the resulting deposits and crusts. The main source of alkalis and sulfur trioxide is the sulfite yeast dregs (sulfite lye) present in the goods being fired.We determined the temperature relationship with the composition and amounts of deposits and crusts. Carcase and skeletal deposits and crusts formed on the firing section of the kiln, mainly periclase and spinel compositions; in the warming-up section the deposits were brittle, granulated, consisting of sulfates, chromates, chromium oxide, periclase, and spinels.It was found that the deposits on the walls of the pores in the MKhS refractories consist of sulfates and chromates, forming solid solutions.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 5, pp. 13–16, May, 1980.     

Price evolution of foods and nutriments in Mexico from 1973 to 2004

The aim of this study was to know the price changes of foods and nutriments in México during the last three decades. To this end, two sets of data were analyzed: the National Consumer Prices Index for 1973 to 2003, and quotations of food prices for 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2004. Cost estimates were calculated for 100 kcal, 10 g of saturated fat, 100 mg of cholesterol, 10 g of fiber and 1 mg of iron. Regression models were used to analyze the association between nutrient and energy's costs and energetic and nutrimental densities. Our results lead to infer that that in M6xico, the structure of foods prices differed between the eighties and the nineties decades. In the former, vegetables and corn and wheat derived foods had the lowest price increment, whereas their price had the largest increment in the following decade. On the other hand, the prices of fresh meat of cattle and pig, and of fish and seafood rose during the eighties but became cheaper during the nineties. The differences in prices of the meat are inversely related to their energy density and nutrimental value: lean meat became more expensive that those with more fat (i.e., more energy and cholesterol). Canned fish (tuna and sardine), eggs and poultry became cheaper at the turn of the eighties. The prices of the majority of oils and fats have increased less than the inflation of the group of food. Processed and industrialized foods became cheaper than the fresh ones. The energy density of the foods is negatively correlated to their cost. The implications of our results are discussed in terms of public policies.     

HD低温蒸发系统中填料蒸发器传质传热的分析

通过研究系统中填料蒸发器的蒸发传质传热过程以及两相流动特性，采用计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics，CFD）中离散相与连续相耦合的方法来模拟规整填料内部通道的蒸发传质传热过程，实现了填料蒸发器中两相传质传热的过程以及液滴流动的可视化，为研究气液两相在规整填料内的流动提供了一种模拟方法。通过与实验结果的比较，最终选用RNG k-ε湍流模型来分析规整填料内部气液两相传质传热以及流动情况。数值模拟研究了规整填料板间距对填料内部气液两相传质传热以及液滴运动影响，发现随着板间距的增大，填料内部压力降逐渐降低，出口空气中水蒸气的含量不断减小，液滴蒸发速率降低，液滴进出口质量差减小，气相出口温度逐渐降低，蒸发传质传热效率降低。随着气速的增大，出口空气中水蒸气的含量不断减小，液滴蒸发速率增加，气相出口温度降低，气液两相传质传热效率降低。     

气泡在颗粒床层表面的生成脱离行为

试验研究了气泡在颗粒床层表面的生成脱离过程及其行为特性,利用高速摄像技术揭示了进气管管径、颗粒床层高度、颗粒粒径等因素对气泡脱离直径及其生成周期的影响规律,对比分析了颗粒床层表面和进气管管口的气泡生成脱离行为差异。研究结果表明：在1500～3000μm粒径范围的床层表面所生成气泡的初始形态相对更扁小,气泡也更快向扁平状演变;颗粒粒径的增大使得进气流量对气泡形态的影响减弱;管径和颗粒床层高度的增大可以有效促进气泡脱离直径的增长,但延缓了气泡的生成脱离,增加了气泡的生成周期;颗粒粒径对气泡生成周期的影响随着进气流量的增大而逐渐减弱;气泡在颗粒床层表面和管口的生成脱离行为存在显著差异,相比之下,150～300μm粒径范围的颗粒床层对气泡的生成脱离具有更明显的阻碍作用,其表面所生成气泡的脱离直径和生成周期相对较大。     

民用工业中复合材料桁架的应用和发展

本文叙述了复合材料桁架的构造、分类和计算方法,突出了复合材料桁架的优越性能和在民用工业中的应用前景;在分析大量文献资料的基础上阐述复合材料桁架杆件的多种加工工艺,并比较不同截面形式对杆件性能的影响;探讨复合材料杆件的破坏机理和分析方法,介绍节点的类型和各自的特点,提出节点及连接部位存在的关键问题;根据国内外复合材料桁架的研究和应用现状,阐述了复合材料桁架的性能和不同的设计方法,总结归纳影响复合材料桁架性能的关键因素和设计中存在的一些问题,并提出改进杆件设计、节点设计和优化复合材料桁架的建议。     

Fast gas combustion in systems with hydraulic resistance

Various aspects of the sonic velocity regime, one of the steady-state regimes of filtration combustion of gases, is analyzed. The conditions and region of existence of the regime, the velocity and structural characteristics of the combustion wave, the gas ignition and combustion mechanisms, conditions for the stabilization of the wave velocity, and regime transitions are considered. A characteristic feature of the regime is the presence of a pressure wave in the zone of turbulent flame due to the choking of channels and narrowings. The main factors determining the nature and properties of the sonic velocity regime are the hydraulic resistance, piezo diffusion, the energetics of the mixture, the compressibility and turbulence of the gas, and the reactivity of the mixture at high pressures and temperatures. The sonic velocity regime is a unique and intriguing combustion regime which is promising for applications.     

世界油气主产国油气资源管理的基本经验及启示

油气是重要的战略资源,关系国计民生。随着工业化和城镇化的加速推进以及汽车进入普及期,我国油气供需形势日趋严峻。解决我国油气供应不足的问题。应首先立足于开发利用国内的油气资源,不断提高自给水平,然而却存在管理体制和政策的掣肘。世界油气主产国都不断改善其油气资源开发利用的管理体制与政策,促进更加有效与合理地开发利用和保护油气资源。本文总结了该领域的国际经验,从加强油气资源法律法规体系建设、促进油气资源管理体制改革、完善油气资源矿业管理等方面提出了对我国的启示和改革建议。     

胜利坨11南交联聚合物驱采出液油水界面性质及乳状液稳定性研究

用界面张力仪、表面粘弹性仪和Zeta电位仪测定了胜利坨11南原油模拟油与采出水间的界面特性,研究了聚合物、交联剂及弱凝胶对这些界面特性及乳状液稳定性的影响。结果表明,模拟水中加入聚合物、弱凝胶后,模拟水与原油模拟油间的界面张力、界面剪切粘度和油滴表面的Zeta电位绝对值增加,原油与含聚合物和弱凝胶的模拟水间所形成的W/O和O/W乳状液稳定性随聚合物、弱凝胶浓度增加而增强;交联剂对原油模拟油与模拟水间的界面性质及所形成的乳状液稳定性影响很小。     

Effects of carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex nanoparticles on channeling leakage and pore structure of oil well cement

The exploitation efficiency of oil and gas resources depends on the cementing quality. In cementing engineering, interlayer migration occurs in the underground gas layer with cement hole as the main channel, which seriously threatens the sealing integrity of cement casing and leads to the failure of cementing operation. To improve the gas migration control ability of oil well cement (OWC), two carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex nanomaterials styrene butadiene latex containing itaconic acid and sodium p-styrene sulfonate (SBSI) and styrene-butadiene latex containing methacrylic acid and sodium p-styrene sulfonate (SBSM) were synthesized. The effects of SBSI and SBSM with different carboxyl structures on the gas migration control ability and pore structure of cement were investigated. The results show that the latex is densely packed on the cement matrix through the dissociation and adsorption behavior of carboxyl groups, and the smaller particle size and lower adsorption are more conducive to the formation of the film. The introduction of latex effectively shortened the transition time of cement gel state and significantly reduced the permeability of interlayer material migration. Compared with OWC, the transition time of cement containing SBSI and SBSM latex (SBSI/OWC and SBSM/OWC) decreased from 28 to 18 and 17 min, respectively, and the filter loss decreased from 60 to 40 and 36 mL, respectively. The isolation effect of the latex film on the interlayer gas and the provision of mechanical support have greatly improved the gas migration control ability of the cement and ensured the cementing quality. In addition, the refinement of cement pore structure caused by latex brings better rheological and mechanical properties to cement. This study clarified the change of latex in the gel transition stage of OWC from liquid to solid and revealed the mechanism of latex on the internal structure change of cement. It broadens the application range of latex nanomaterials in the field of OWC and provides a new possibility for the use of OWC in high temperature and high salt environment.