谷朊粉对马铃薯热干面品质的影响

为提高马铃薯热干面的品质和稳定性,该文在分析谷朊粉基本成分与物化特性的基础上,深入研究了谷朊粉添加量对混合粉特性及对生鲜及熟制马铃薯热干面蒸煮、质构、贮藏等品质特性的影响。结果表明,随着混合粉中谷朊粉含量升高,其持水性下降,吸水膨胀性上升。随着谷朊粉添加量的增加,马铃薯热干面吸水性呈下降趋势、蒸煮损失率呈先上升后下降变化趋势;生鲜湿面和熟面剪切性、拉伸特性均呈先下降后上升变化趋势,且谷朊粉添加量相同时,生鲜湿面剪切性和拉伸特性均高于熟面。谷朊粉最适宜添加量为10%~15%(质量分数),此时马铃薯热干面的剪切力最小,拉伸力和黏度适中,具有较好质构特性。马铃薯热干面熟制后贮存,可提升其品质稳定性。     

低血糖指数原料与谷朊粉复配对面团流变学特性的影响

将不同量的低血糖指数（glycemic index,GI）原料（魔芋精粉、微晶纤维素、高直链玉米淀粉）与谷朊粉复配添加到小麦面粉中并混合均匀,研究其对面团粉质特性及拉伸特性的影响。结果表明：魔芋精粉有助于提高混合粉的综合指标,改善混合粉的粉质特性和拉伸特性;微晶纤维素使面团的粉质指标和拉伸指标下降,降低了面团的品质,其添加量应该控制在9%以内;高直链淀粉的加入使混合粉的粉质特性变差,其添加量为6%～9%时,面团的拉伸特性较好;谷朊粉能改善面团的粉质特性和拉伸特性,但添加量不宜过多,应控制在4%～6%之间。     

谷朊粉和甘薯淀粉对面条品质的影响

以不同比例甘薯淀粉和小麦粉的混合粉作为原料粉,研究了制作面条的质构特性和烹煮特性,并讨论了和面时间和谷朊粉添加量对添加甘薯淀粉面条（甘薯淀粉添加量为20%）品质的影响。结果表明,少量甘薯淀粉可以改善面条的品质,甘薯淀粉添加量过大则会对面条品质产生负面影响;适当延长和面时间有利于改善甘薯面条的品质,但和面时间不宜超过12min;适量添加谷朊粉可以改善甘薯面条的品质,当谷朊粉添加量为2.7%~3.7%时所制面条的品质与小麦粉所制面条的品质相近。     

苦荞面包配方的优化

采用快速发酵法,研究了苦荞粉添加量、魔芋精粉和谷朊粉添加量对苦荞面包品质的影响。试验表明:苦荞粉添加量对苦荞面包的比容和感官评定得分起着决定作用;苦荞粉添加量占苦荞粉和面包专用粉总质量的30%时,魔芋精粉添加量为1.61%,谷朊粉添加量为1.60%,苦荞面包比容最大。     

增筋剂对苦荞面条品质的影响

以苦荞—小麦混合粉(1∶1)为原料制作苦荞面条,分别添加谷朊粉、沙蒿胶粉、瓜尔豆胶、魔芋精粉四种不同的增筋剂。研究增筋剂对苦荞面条蒸煮品质及感官品质的影响。结果表明:四种不同的增筋剂对苦荞面条的蒸煮品质和感官品质都有所改善。添加沙蒿胶粉的苦荞面条烹煮损失率和断条率最低,添加谷朊粉的苦荞面条的感官品质最好。综合评价四种增筋剂对面条品质的改善效果:谷朊粉沙蒿胶粉瓜尔豆胶魔芋精粉。当谷朊粉的添加量为2.5%时,苦荞面条的蒸煮品质和感官品质最好。     

抗性淀粉对面团流变学特性的影响、应用及改良

主要研究小麦粉中加入不同比例的抗性淀粉(RS)后,对面团流变学特性以及焙烤食品(面包)品质的影响。结果表明,添加RS会影响面团的流变学特性,降低面包品质。为此,通过加入谷朊粉对混合粉(小麦粉+抗性淀粉)进行品质改良,研究表明,谷朊粉对混合粉面团流变学特性有明显改善作用。RS添加量控制在10%,只需添加3%的谷朊粉,面包品质就能明显改善。     

添加木薯淀粉和谷朊粉对保湿熟面条品质的影响

为探究木薯淀粉和谷朊粉对保湿熟面条品质的影响,本实验分别研究了木薯淀粉和谷朊粉对混合粉湿面筋含量、糊化特性和析水率的影响。通过单因素实验,以面条质构特性和感官评价为依据,得到了木薯淀粉和谷朊粉的最优配比。结果表明:适量添加木薯淀粉可以降低混合粉的湿面筋含量和析水率,提高糊化特性,改善面条品质;适量添加谷朊粉会提高其湿面筋含量,改善面条品质,但对析水率和糊化特性的影响较小;当木薯淀粉和谷朊粉添加量分别为5%和2%时,面条质构特性和感官评分(90分)最优。     

葡萄糖氧化酶对苦荞小麦混合粉流变学特性影响的研究

利用实验磨进行苦荞制粉,然后以苦荞小麦混合粉为对象,参照国际标准分析方法,系统分析葡萄糖氧化酶对混合粉流变学特性的影响。结果表明,随着葡萄糖氧化酶添加量的增加,混合粉粉质特性和烘焙品质得到不同程度的改善,而拉伸特性则并没无明显变化。葡萄糖氧化酶的最佳添加量为5 mL/100g。     

苦荞马铃薯面条的配方研究

为探究一种口感优良,营养丰富的杂粮面条,以感官品质、蒸煮损失率、硬度、内聚性、弹性、黏性和咀嚼性为评定指标,分别探究苦荞粉和马铃薯粉的添加量和添加比例、水、谷朊粉和魔芋粉的不同添加量对苦荞马铃薯面条品质的影响。结果表明,谷朊粉和魔芋粉的适量添加能够改善苦荞马铃薯面条的品质,最佳工艺配方为(以小麦粉、苦荞粉和马铃薯粉的总质量为基准):苦荞粉添加量8%,马铃薯粉添加量12%,水44%,谷朊粉2.5%和魔芋粉0.25%;在此条件下制得的面条感官得分达到92.6分,面条表面光滑,有咬劲、有弹性、咀嚼爽口。     

苦荞粉面团流变学特性的研究

面团流变学特性对于确定焙烤食品的加工工艺及相关的工艺数据有重要的指导意义。本实验研究了苦荞粉的流变学特性,发现苦荞粉不适宜单独加工焙烤食品,必须添加适量的辅料。通过添加不同比例的谷朊粉可不同程度地改善苦荞粉面团的流变学特性,进而改变其加工特性。     

谷朊粉对高含量荞麦面团的影响及其作用机理

本文全面研究了不同添加量谷朊粉(5%、10%和15%)对高含量(50%小麦粉替代率)荞麦面团流变学特性及馒头品质的影响,并以添加10%谷朊粉的混合面团和参照组(纯小麦粉)面团为基础,通过扫描电镜,红外光谱及分析面团中的化学作用力等分析手段,进一步探讨了谷朊粉对改善混合面团流变学性质及馒头品质方面的作用机理。结果表明,添加10%的谷朊粉能够增加荞麦-小麦混合面团中二硫键的含量,改变面团中的化学作用力(离子键、氢键含量和疏水作用力),进而改变面团中面筋蛋白的构象,改善面团的微观结构,从而改善混合粉的糊化特性及面团的粉质和拉伸特性,提高馒头的比容和弹性,改善馒头芯的孔隙结构,但仍达不到参照组馒头的品质,表明添加高含量荞麦全粉不仅仅是稀释面筋蛋白。     

苦荞粉添加量对面团性质及馒头品质的影响

通过添加不同量的苦荞粉配成苦荞-小麦混粉,研究混粉揉混特性、面团微观结构的变化以及苦荞馒头的感官品质。结果表明,当添加量在5%~15%时,揉混结果中的和面时间和峰值面积变化不大,微观结构中蛋白质面筋网络结构略微减弱,但当添加量达到20%后,和面时间和峰值面积都有大幅度降低,微观面筋网络结构也出现明显的下降。同时,苦荞粉添加量为15%时馒头感官品质较好。综合分析可知,添加量为15%时苦荞馒头仍具有较好的品质。     

适合糖尿病的几种杂粮主食面条

摘要：研究了不同配方的荞麦面条、燕麦面条和鹰嘴豆面条以及传统的小麦面条对糖尿病大白鼠餐后血糖的影响。大白鼠血糖实验结果是：荞麦面条（荞麦粉40小麦粉60）、燕麦面条（燕麦粉40小麦粉60）和鹰嘴豆面条（鹰嘴豆粉100、谷朊粉10）的血糖曲线下面积增加值分别是6.23mmol.h/l、6.56mmol.h/l和6.60mmol.h/l。其值明显低于纯小麦面条（14.07mmol.h/l）,显著性p<0.05。这表明以荞麦、燕麦和鹰嘴豆为主要原料加工而成的面条比纯小麦面条更适合作为糖尿病人的主食。     

燕麦、荞麦面条品质提升研究进展

燕麦、荞麦等杂粮营养价值高但缺乏面条制作中需要的面筋蛋白.因此,为兼顾营养与口感的需求,燕麦、荞麦面条制作时通常需要与小麦粉复配,并从原料预处理、加工工艺等方面改良品质.本文从原料预处理(预糊化、灭酶、脱脂、发酵)和加工工艺改进(配方、和面方式、成型方式等)两个方面对燕麦、荞麦面条品质改良的研究现状进行了综述.在此基础...     

Physical properties and sensory acceptability of cookies made from chickpea addition to white wheat or whole wheat flour compared to gluten‐free amaranth or buckwheat flour

The effects of chickpea addition (0–100%) on the physical properties and sensory attributes of cookies based on white or whole wheat compared to gluten‐free amaranth or buckwheat flour were studied. The physical properties determined were spread factor, colour and hardness. Sensory evaluation was conducted for colour, taste, texture and overall impression. Chickpea addition decreased the lightness in white wheat cookies while increasing it in whole wheat and amaranth cookies and it significantly increased yellowness in all cookies. Spread factor of the gluten‐free cookies was reduced by chickpea addition and hardness was increased in white wheat and buckwheat cookies, and decreased in whole wheat and amaranth cookies. Sensory evaluation demonstrated that chickpea addition increased the acceptability of all cookies, in particular of the gluten‐free cookies. Optimal levels of chickpea addition were 20–40% in wheat cookies and 60–80% for amaranth and buckwheat cookies.     

Evaluation of the processing quality of noodle dough containing a high Tartary buckwheat flour content through texture analysis

A texture analysis method for evaluating the processing quality of noodle dough with a high Tartary buckwheat flour (BF) content was established. And then the improvement of wheat flour (WF), wheat gluten (WG), and pre-gelatinized Tartary buckwheat flour (PBF) for the processing quality of buckwheat noodle dough was compared quantitatively, and the mechanism was explored through the observation of gluten network in dough sheets. Texture results showed that the coefficients of variation of tensile strength and adhesiveness of dough sheets among 16 groups were 17.76% and 40.72%, respectively, and the intragroup variation coefficients were only 4.17% and 7.07%, respectively. The tensile strength of dough sheets was significantly positively correlated with gluten index of WF and WG. In addition, with the increase of WG and PBF addition, the tensile strength and adhesiveness of dough sheets showed a linearly increase trend. Furthermore, the gluten network in the dough sheets containing WF or WG with high gluten index distributed more evenly and compactly than that with low gluten index. The dough sheet with 9% PBF showed more uniform gluten network, compared with that without added PBF. Overall, texture analysis of dough sheet can be used to evaluate the processing quality of noodle dough containing 70% BF, and the WF and WG with high gluten index had better improvement than PBF.     

Rheological properties of wheat flour substitutes/alternative crops assessed by Mixolab

Wheat is one of the most common cereals used in the world. However, due to greater public awareness of celiac disease and gluten intolerance as well as consumers demands for healthy food and variety in food products, in many widely consumed staples, such as bread, wheat flour is fully or partially replaced with flour from other cereals, pseudocereals or legumes. Although wheat flour alternatives are readily available in the market, these products are often of inferior quality. The aim of this paper was to predict the suitability of alternative crops such as rice, corn, buckwheat, amaranth and soya for the production of quality bread. Their rheological properties were studied, and compared to the properties of wheat flour which served as a benchmark. The tested alternative cereals, pseudocereals and legumes were selected in order to represent the widely used ones in gluten-free products as well as the ones found to be nutritionally improved according to recent publications. Moreover, the differences between wheat and buckwheat flour, and their wholegrain counterparts were also studied. The determination of rheological properties of wheat flour dough as well as the dough from other raw materials (rice, corn, buckwheat, amaranth and soya) was performed by Mixolab. According to results obtained by Mixolab measurements, flours from different raw materials exhibited Mixolab profiles which greatly differ from wheat flour profile. Samples of rice and both types of buckwheat flour expressed the most similar rheological behaviour to wheat flour. However, since, there was no tested material which exactly mimic wheat flour dough properties, it was concluded that their mixtures would give the optimal rheological profile. Although it is a very challenging task to mimic wheat flour unique breadmaking properties, it is possible to create products having similar rheological behaviour to wheat flour dough, but improved functional properties.     

影响朝鲜族冷面品质的原料因素研究

以朝鲜族冷面为研究对象,研究不同面筋质含量的小麦粉对冷面品质的影响,借助于粉质仅、拉伸仪等现代分析仪器。研究添加不同比例荞麦粉的冷面面团的流变学特性,并进行了品尝评分。结果表明：冷面的制作宜选择面筋质含量26％～28％的中筋力面粉;荞麦粉也影响冷面的品质,其添加比例在30％以下可使冷面面团具有良好的工艺特性和食用品质。     

Development of gluten-free fresh egg pasta analogues containing buckwheat

To improve the use of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), characterized by interesting nutritional properties, it could be used in pasta formulations. In particular, as buckwheat is devoid of the gluten-forming proteins, it might be an ingredient for celiac patient food. The aim of this study was to develop both fresh egg pastas integrated with buckwheat and fresh egg pasta analogues classifiable as gluten-free, based on buckwheat and rice flours. Matter loss in the cooking water and weight increase during cooking of buckwheat pasta were higher than those of a reference sample made of common wheat flour. As buckwheat integration increased, sample break strain was significantly lower, as a result of the progressive reduction in gluten content. In the production of gluten-free pasta analogues, wheat flour was substituted with rice flour, precooked rice flour or pregelatinized rice starch. Since samples containing precooked rice flour gave the best results, in terms of workability, break strain and weight increase during cooking, they were also produced on an industrial scale. Industrial gluten-free fresh egg pasta analogues were tougher and less deformable in comparison with the laboratory-produced samples. These results were determined by the presence of the double thermal pasteurisation treatment, which allows to obtain a better structure of the product, showing also a lower matter loss during cooking.