德国化妆品及盥洗用品市场

德国经历了2008年—2009年的经济危机,化妆品及盥洗用品市场出现不同程度的改变,护发品、护肤品、彩妆品、男性美容品、浴用品和女性香水市场的销售出现重创,业绩令人担忧。德国化妆品及盥洗品市场需要更专业、更标准化的产品及销售渠道出现。随着目前全球经济回暖,德国化妆品及盥洗市场定将会生机勃勃。     

德国化妆品和盥洗用品市场

德国摇摇欲坠的经济已经深深影响到德国的化妆品和盥洗用品行业。据预测,一系列灾难性的损失将会使2009年成为黯淡的一年。虽经过严格的整合和改组方案,德国的化妆品和盥洗用品公司仍处在苦苦挣扎之中。最近的一项消费者行为研究发现,德国女性人均每年在高档化妆品,诸如香水、面部护肤品和化妆品之类产品的花费为540欧元。介绍了德国护发品、护肤品、彩妆品、男性美容品、浴用品和女性香水的市场概况,并对德国的折扣店、药店及百货店的情况进行了介绍。     

全球化妆品及个人护理品行业现状及发展趋势

随着科技的进步,市场的不断完善,全球化妆品市场在过去的几年保持持续的增长势头,并逐渐向天然、有机和多功能的方向发展.中国、巴西、印度和俄罗斯在全球化妆品发展中始终处于领先地位,而护肤品也一再成为整个化妆品市场发展最快的市场.     

纵观英国、法国化妆品和盥洗用品市场

分析了英国及法国化妆品及盥洗用品市场现状。指出,英国化妆品市场的增长主要是人们生活方式的改变、新产品的开发、护肤方面男用化妆品的迅速增长以及女性抗衰老化妆品部分的增长。未来,英国、法国化妆品及盥洗用品市场的增长将是那些准化妆品（quasi—cosmetics）和护肤类产品,化妆品配方中使用食品及饮料成分也将成为一种显著的发展趋势。     

气相色谱法测定化妆品中脂肪酸含量

建立了气相色谱法检测化妆品中脂肪酸(十二酸、十四酸、十六酸、十八酸)。采用HP-5毛细管柱,研究脂肪酸甲酯化及气相程序升温的参数,得到了应用保留时间和峰面积对脂肪酸进行定性定量的方法。结果表明,此方法参数可以使化妆品中的脂肪酸得到很好分离,具有较高的准确性和重复性,线性相关系数均为1,测定结果与实际添加量的偏差在2%以内。     

维生素C衍生物的制备及其在化妆品中的应用

维生素C衍牛物克服了维生素C易被氧化不稳定的缺点,被广泛用于化妆品中.阐述了维生素C衍生物围内外的研究情况,主要对维生素C的磷酸酯盐、糖苷、棕榈酸酯、乙基醚、甲基硅基等衍生物的制备方法进行了总结.介绍了其在化妆品中的应用情况,指出了维生素C衍生物的发展趋势.     

羟基酸在化妆品中的使用情况监测

为了解化妆品中羟基酸的使用情况以及相关产品的pH值范围,以确保消费者使用安全,对425批化妆品中的水杨酸及24批问题化妆品中的α-羟基酸和pH值进行检测分析。结果表明,部分样品存在水杨酸含量超过限度规定、水杨酸及α-羟基酸未在产品包装上进行成分标注、产品pH值过低等问题;存在安全隐患,应加强对该类物质在化妆品中使用的监督管理。     

The insecticidal properties of some fatty acid derivatives

Summary The insecticidal properties of a number of fatty acid derivatives have been investigated, and it was found that certain primary and secondary amines were highly lethal to the common house fly, Musca domestica. Of the primary amines examined, octyl and decyl amine possessed the highest insecticidal activity; however, they were considered to be somewhat irritating for general use. Dioctyl amine was found to be the most active of the secondary amines examined. In view of its exceptionally high paralyzing and killing power for insects and its comparatively non-irritating properties to humans, together with its absence of toxicity to domestic animals, it can be considered as a possible substitute for pyrethrum.     

The detergent properties of bactericidal fatty acid derivatives

Summary 1. A study was made of the bactericidal values of a homologous series of fatty acid esters of colamino formyl methyl pyridinium chlorides, varying the fatty acids from C₈ to C₁₈. 2. The compounds prepared from C₁₄ fatty acid possess the highest phenol coefficients; 500 for S. aureus, and 333 for E. typhosa, 20°C.; and at 37°C., 785 for S. aureus and 343 for E. typhosa. The compounds prepared from C₈ fatty acid possess the lowest phenol coefficients. 3. Detergent tests were made on some of the members of the homologous series. The results show that the compounds prepared from C₁₂, C₁₄ and C₁₈ (oleic) fatty acids and mixtures thereof, are considerably superior in detergency to soap and about twice as effective when compared with other quaternary ammonium compounds which do not have carboxyl and amide linkages in the molecule. 4. There seems to be no correlation between detergency and bactericidal function.     

中国洗涤用品、化妆品市场发展趋势高层战略研讨会序幕拉开

随着全球经济一体化和中国加入ＷＴＯ时代的到来 ,如何提升洗化企业的核心竞争力、应对更加激烈的市场竞争 ,成为每个企业必须面对的迫切问题。２００２年１１月１２日～１５日将召开的中国洗涤用品、化妆品市场发展趋势高层战略研讨会是继２００１（武汉）中国首届日化高层市场论坛成功举办的基础上又一次更大规模的精英聚会。包括著名营销策划公司、跨国公司、国内知名企业、行业协会领导和专业媒体等机构的管理高层及营销精英将共聚一堂 ,互动交流 ,共同探讨加入ＷＴＯ后的中国洗化市场发展状况及中国洗化工业现状与发展前景预测。会议议…     

Chromatostrip analysis of fatty acid derivatives

Chromatostrips provide a rapid and convenient method of examination of samples by spot tests and by ascending or descending chromatography. Ascending chromatography for the examination of mixtures is carried out on 12×140-mm. glass strips coated with 5% starch-bonded silicic acid, while descending chromatography is done on 12×200-mm. strips. The 5% starch-bonded silicic acid coatings are resistant to normal handling, may be marked with a soft lead pencil, and may be stored indefinitely for reference. Three detection systems are employed: fluorescent minerals for conjugated unsaturates, fluorescein-bromine for unsaturates, and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein for all types of compounds. Positive tests result in characteristic spots when observed under normal or ultraviolet illumination. This permits the classification of components, after separation on the chromatostrips, into the groupings of conjugated unsaturated, unsaturated (or easily brominated), and saturated compounds.     

The use of bleaching earth in fatty acid production

Pretreatment of crude tallow or fish oil fatty acids with bleaching clays considerably improves the rate of hydrogenation with several different catalysts. Several series of tests were run to demonstrate these effects, and the data are presented.     

壳聚糖衍生物在化妆品中的应用

综述了壳聚糖衍生物:羟基化壳聚糖、羧基化壳聚糖、酰化壳聚糖、壳聚糖季铵盐的制备方法,并介绍了它们在化妆品方面的应用性能.     

Hydrozirconation for unsaturated fatty acid derivatives

In the hydrozirconation reaction, developed by Schwartz and coworkers,bis(π-cyclopentadienyl) zirconium hydridochloride Cp₂-Zr(H)Cl, is added to the double bond of an olefin. The organozirconium intermediate can be functionalized by reaction with a variety of electrophiles such as oxygen, halogens, acetyl chloride and carbon monoxide. Furthermore, the double bond can be reformed by treatment with a hydride acceptor such as triphenylmethyl tetrafluoroborate. When a short-chain internal olefin is hydrozirconated, the initially formed alkylzirconium intermediate is rapidly isomerized to a compound in which the zirconium moiety is bound to the sterically least hindered position, which most often is the terminal position. The isomerization occurs rapidly at room temperature in contrast to the corresponding organoboron or aluminum compounds, which slowly positionally rearrange only at elevated temperatures. Because of the facile isomerization of internal alkylzirconium compounds to the terminal ones, we investigated application of the reaction to unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic and erucic acids. However, reactions on long-chain alkenes (such as oleic acid) are frequently much slower than those conducted on shorter-chain alkenes, and attention must be given to optimizing the reaction conditions if good yields are to be obtained. It would also be necessary to find an easily removable protecting group for the carboxylic function, as Cp₂Zr(H)Cl reduces carboxylic acids to alcohols. We found that the 4,4-dimethyl-2oxazoline function is a suitable protecting. group, and therefore synthesized the oxazolines from oleic acid and erucic acid. Hydrozirconation of the 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline of oleic acid followed by oxidation witht-butyl hydroperoxide and conversion to methyl esters, gave methyl 3-hydroxy and methyl 18-hydroxy stearate in 13% and 17% yield, respectively. The relatively low yield is due to competing hydrogenation, the mechanism of which is discussed. Recent results indicate that the carboxyl group can be protected ast-butyl esters in the hydrozirconation and that oleyl alcohol derivatives can also be used. To understand the isomerization pattern in hydrozirconation, the reaction with α,β- and β,γ-unsaturated fatty acid oxazolines is discussed. Possibilities of making the hydrozirconation reaction catalytic by binding of the hydrozirconation reagent to a solid support as well as the synthetic potential in combining hydrozirconation with the olefin metathesis reaction are briefly reviewed.     

One step hydroxybromination of fatty acid derivatives

Hydroxybromination of methyl oleate, oleic acid and new sunflower oil (high oleic), in an acetone/water mixture by a one step reaction using N‐bromosuccinimide, was studied. The yield of bromohydrin products from oleic acid, methyl oleate and sunflower oil were 90%, 78% and 40%, respectively. Reaction products were analyzed by ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry. The hydrobromide derivative of new sunflower oil was acrylated and polymerized to a new polymer.     

Antimycotic activity of some fatty acid derivatives

Petroselinic and ricinoleic acids and a number of their derivatives, together with stearic acid and two oleic acid derivatives which were in-cluded for the purpose of comparison, have been screened for antimycotic activity against 22 pathogenic yeasts and molds. A number of the compounds exhibited a wide spectrum of activity, testing either fair or good against all or most of the yeasts and molds, and almost all were fairly active against at least one of the organisms. A laboratory of the So. Utiliz. Res. and Dev. Div., ARS, USDA.