全新"L"型自然循环废热锅炉在我公司的应用

我公司根据企业发展的需要，于2002年7月投资450万元对40kt／a硫酸装置进行扩产改造，使生产能力达到70kt／a以上。改造中配套采用了东方锅炉联销技术开发公司生产的全新模块组合式“L”型全自然循环废热锅炉，副产中压蒸汽供公司磷铵装置生产使用。该锅炉现已正常运行近两年，鉴于它所具有的结构先进性以及所产生的良好的经济效益，我们认为很值得介绍给大家。     

80 kt/a硫酸装置扩产改造

云浮硫铁矿企业集团公司化工厂80kt／a硫酸装置1999年建成投产，以W(S)45％～49％硫精矿为原料，采用沸腾炉焙烧，中压废热锅炉回收高温废热副产蒸汽发电，一级旋风除尘器、电除尘器、空塔、填料洗涤塔、间冷器、两级电除雾器酸洗净化，“3 2”两转两吸工艺流程。投产以来，硫酸装置运行一直比较正常，最大生产能力可以达到262t／d。但是当装置生产能力达到262t／d时，由于设计人炉矿粒径为0．06mm，     

40 kt/a硫铁矿制酸装置技术改造

江苏恒盛化肥有限公司磷铵厂原有40kt／a硫酸生产装置一套。采用文一泡一电半封闭稀酸洗净化，一转一吸流程。该装置虽经多次改造，产量能达到60kt／a（直烧硫磺），但仍不能满足本厂磷铵、硫基复合肥生产的需要，且一转一吸流程尾气排放不能达到环保的要求。为此，2005年初公司决定投资300万元进行扩产并改一转一吸为两转两吸，改造后采用硫铁矿制酸，产量达80kt／a，尾气SO2要求达标排放，净化污水实现封闭循环，蒸汽产量达6．5t／h，主要改造内容如下。     

蒸发管外置式废热锅炉

蒸发管外置式废热锅炉由沸腾层热管废热回收器和烟道废热回收器组成，在一套55kL／a硫铁矿制酸系统中首次投入使用。该废热锅炉结构简单，投资省(仅60万元)，无露点腐蚀，不会因少数热管损坏而停车，所产蒸汽量达1L／1，蒸汽压力1．0～2．5MPa。目前锅炉已稳定运行1年多，各项指标均达到设计要求。     

脱盐水活性铁常温除氧新工艺介绍

硫酸生产废热锅炉给水常规热力除氧工艺需消耗大量低压蒸汽,脱盐水除氧成本高。活性铁常温除氧新工艺采用活性铁滤料除氧一强酸性阳离子交换树脂除铁,生产出合格的常温除氧脱盐水,除氧成本仅为0．18元／t。常温除氧脱盐水用于回收硫酸装置中低温位热能,可将硫铁矿制酸装置中压蒸汽产汽率提高到1．3～1．4t／t,经济效益可观。     

热管水预热器在硫铁矿制酸焙烧工序的应用

江苏瑞和化肥有限公司现有1套120 kt/a的硫矿铁制酸装置,焙烧工序流程为沸腾炉-中压废热锅炉-旋风除尘器,净化工序采用文-文-间-电、水洗净化流程,转化、干吸工序采用两转两吸工艺,其中转化采用"3 2"流程.中压废热锅炉为W型自然循环废热锅炉,型号为DG10.5-3.82/I,生产13.5～14.0 t/h 3.0 MPa饱和蒸汽供磷酸一铵装置浓缩烘干使用,中压废热锅炉的吨酸产汽率仅为0.93 t.     

电除尘器出口烟气废热的利用

介绍了采用热管锅炉回收硫酸系统电除尘器出口烟气废热情况，可回收废热生产0．8MPa饱和蒸汽1．0t/h。通过严格控制饱和蒸汽压力、炉气的三氧化硫含量及入炉原料的水分含量，热管锅炉连续运行两年未发生泄漏。运行一年即可收回成本，经济效益显著。     

铜化华兴新建200kt／a硫铁矿制酸装置

华兴化工有限公司200kt／a硫铁矿制酸工程近期已累计签订施工、采购合同169份，合同总额1．19亿元，于2005年9月投产，投资回收期为8．09年。铜化集团公司充分利用本地区丰富的硫铁矿资源，依托华兴公司地域、技术、管理等优势，新建200kt／a硫铁矿制酸项目。该硫酸装置采用流化床沸腾焙烧，废热锅炉回收高温废热副产过热蒸汽发电，     

锅筒导汽箱开裂及凹陷的处理

1 概况 我厂有两条硫酸生产线:一条是1996年10月建成的140 kt/a硫酸装置,配套废热锅炉型号为FR-14T-16/3.82-450,额定蒸发量16t/h,过热蒸汽压力3.82 MPa,温度450℃;另一条是1990年9月建成的40 kt/a硫酸装置,配套废热锅炉型号为QCF11.5—5—3.82/450,额定蒸发量     

70kt/a硫铁矿制酸废热发电装置运行情况小结

介绍广西岑溪市佳宝矿业有限公司70 kt/a硫铁矿制酸装置配套8.5 t/h废热锅炉和1 500 kW汽轮发电机组运行情况。废热锅炉生产3.82 MPa、450℃中压蒸汽供汽轮机发电,发电量达1 200 kWh/h。除满足企业自身用电外,有300 kWh/h送入外电网,大大降低了硫酸装置生产成本,创造了较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

Extraction into a flow of a fluid with a velocity gradient

Unsteady extraction from a system of semi-infinite capillaries to the flow of a fluid with a linear velocity gradient is studied. An assumption that the diffusion in the flow is a quasi-steady-state process is taken to obtain a linear equation for the local mass flux from the pore space, which involves fractional derivatives with respect to time and flow coordinate. Limiting solutions for the total diffusion flux at small and large times that cover the entire time interval are found.     

Electrolytes: From a Thorn Comes a Rose,and from a Rose,a Thorn

In this article we take a stroll through the metaphorical rose garden, part of the flower garden, that is electrochemical storage systems. We take a closer look at batteries as the center‐pieces – the roses – and especially at the system component of batteries, the electrolyte and its development, throughout history. Just as a rose can only develop its unique beauty when taken good care of and provided with clean water and suitable nutrients, a battery cell cannot function without its electrolyte; the seemingly trivial component that has to juggle a multitude of requirements in order to make batteries truly bloom.     

Propagation of a burning front over a condensed material from a focus

Measured propagation speeds are given for the combustion front in a blind gap in a condensed substance, which are related to gap height and mean pressure. The front may propagate monotonically, which is characteristic of relatively high pressures and wide gaps, or as a result of additional burning foci arising at a certain distance from the main front. At low pressures and particularly with small gap heights, the front propagates in an unstable fashion over the surface.Moscow. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 49–53, July–August, 1992.     

Mesomorphic transitions in a mixture of a flexible and a semi-rigid polymer

Phase studies on a mixture of two polymers are presented, one of which is mesomorphic. We have systematically examined the influence of the molecular weight of the flexible polymer (including the oligomers) and of the semi-flexible polymer. In addition to the effect of the molecular weight, specific interactions are important for compatibility and formation of a homogeneous mesomorphic phase. The nature of this phase is demonstrated to be cholesteric and the pitch is determined.     

When is a Beam a Plate?

Formulas associated with simple beam or plate theories are used extensively in structural design, to determine You's modulus, and to determine fracture strength of brittle nonmetallic materials. The question may arise as to whether the proper ratio of beam-width-to-beam-depth is such that the bent structural element can be considered as a beam and, if not, what is the correction factor that should be used with the simple beam formula. These questions are answered for a range of structural metallic and brittle nonmetallic materials.     

Laminar flow deformation of a droplet adhering to a wall in a channel

We study the deformation of oil droplets of varying viscosity adhering to a solid, rigid wall in a rectangular channel induced by a pressure-driven, laminar flow of water. Our experimental investigation involves the systematic study of the effects of initial droplet volume, flow rate and viscosity ratio on the various modes of droplet motion and deformation; this is performed via direct visualisation of the flow in a glass cell using a high-speed camera. Our results are used to construct flow maps that delineate the critical conditions for droplet ‘sliding’, ‘crawling’ and detachment from the channel wall as a function of system parameters. Comparisons of our experimental results with numerical predictions obtained using a procedure based on the diffuse-interface method yield reasonably good agreement for certain flow regimes.     

Detonation of a Column of a Chemically Active Bubbly Medium in a Liquid

The problem of a detonation wave propagating in a cylindrical column of a chemically active bubbly medium screened by a liquid from the tube walls is formulated and numerically solved within the framework of the Iordanskii–Kogarko two-phase model with allowance for energy dissipation due to acoustic radiation of bubbles. The wave structure of the reaction zone and the detonation velocity of the bubbly medium column are calculated. It is found that the self-sustaining wave can propagate with a velocity greater than the velocity of one-dimensional bubble detonation by a factor of 1.5–2.5.