共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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人因可靠性分析(HRA)是概率安全评价(PSA)的重要组成部分。秦山第三核电厂(简称秦山三核)初版HRA由加拿大原子能公司(AECL)完成,其采用的HRA方法为简化的ASEP HRA。为获得更符合秦山三核运行状态实际的HRA结论,本工作对秦山三核重新进行了HRA分析,并增加了事件间的相关性分析。在对国际HRA方法比较研究的基础上,秦山三核HRA采用了规范化的THERP+HCR分析方法。新分析所得数据与AECL数据比较分析结果表明,新分析与AECL的分析判断基本一致,但在合理性和准确性方面较原分析有明显提高,分析结论更符合秦山三核实际。 相似文献
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标准化核电厂风险分析人员可靠性分析方法(SPAR-H方法)在现阶段国内外事故后人员失误事件(HFE)的分析中得到了广泛应用,但在工程应用过程中发现,目前参考的方法论文献对绩效形成因子(PSF)的定义、评级准则的描述不够明确、详细,从而对人员失误概率(HEP)的计算准确性造成影响。为解决该问题,本研究结合SPAR-H方法实施导则,对可用时间、压力及复杂度PSFs进行了深入研究,给出了定量化中PSF定义、评级的更加明确的参考依据,并结合实例分析对“可用时间”PSF的改进优化进行了应用说明。理论研究和实例分析表明,相关优化建议改善了SPAR-H方法中的PSF等级评定过程,得到更符合工程实际的HEPs,增强了人员可靠性分析(HRA)定量化结果的可信度。 相似文献
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ASEP HRA是一种传统人员的可靠性分析方法,是THERP(人的失误预测技术)的简化版本。但使用THERP方法进行人因可靠性分析需要的资源过多,人力、物力投入庞大。而ASEPHRA方法在THERP的基础上规范了操作步骤和相关注意事项,很大程度上避免了不同的分析人员的分析差异较大的问题,虽然较为保守但更加便于工程应用。本文介绍了使用ASEP方法分析和处理秦山二期核电厂的始发事件前人因事件的过程,并以PTR水箱传感器标定为例进行分析得出定性和定量化分析结论。 相似文献
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核电厂传统人员可靠性分析方法中引入班组因素的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在核电厂等大型复杂系统中,人员干预行为通常以班组的协作来完成,而目前核电厂概率安全评价(PSA)采用的以人的失误率预测技术(THERP)和人的认知可靠性(HCR)方法为代表的人员可靠性分析(HRA)方法主要关注对个人绩效的影响,它们在评估核电厂主控室班组绩效时存在一定局限。本文定义一种新的绩效形成因子“班组绩效形成因子(TPSF)”,并将其合理地引入THERP和HCR方法的定量化体系中,使它们可在一定程度上体现班组环境对人员绩效的影响。文章提出了TPSF等级的评价方法及将其引入THERP和HCR方法的定性实施框架。结果证明,合理地将班组因素引入传统HRA方法能改进它们对班组环境下人员绩效模化的合理性。 相似文献
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This study has been a first attempt at identifying potential worker overexposure situations during machine maintenance operations. The results indicate potential areas, or situations, where worker overexposure may be possible [A. Natalizio, T. Pinna, Safety analysis of failures and consequences during maintenance, ENEA Report, FUS-TN-SA-SE-R-170, June 2007, Frascati, Italy].The key findings obtained are as follows. Firstly, we have found no machine maintenance operations where the risk of worker overexposure is considered significantly large that immediate design attention is needed.Secondly, the most significant risk of worker overexposure is due to airborne releases of radioactivity from cooling water pipes and tubes that may not have been fully drained and dried, when they are cut, or inadvertently opened, by workers (frequency of pipe-cutting activities could be significantly high).Thirdly, the risk of overexposure from human error could also be significant. This varies from mistaking the machine sector, to mistaking the component to be maintained. This is analogous to working on a live electrical circuit, when it is believed to be dead (disconnected from the power source) because the worker has mistakenly selected the wrong circuit—a look-alike one. Similarly, consider the situation of a worker mistakenly preparing to work on a cooling water circuit that is still at pressure and temperature, instead of the one that has been drained and dried. The more look-alike situations there are in the facility, the greater the probability of committing this type of error.Fourthly, when consideration is given to human error, we believe that the aggregation of different diagnostics in the same port enhances the probability of human error. At the moment, these risks cannot be quantified. The task of quantifying those risks in the future should be considered.Finally, the transport of activated in-vessel components, including components of plasma-heating and current-drive systems, in non-shielded casks, could carry with it a significant risk of worker overexposure. In the context of ALARA, this approach requires a specific study to justify its use.Concluding, it is important to note that by having identified the possibility of an overexposure situation does not mean that it is probable. The calculation of probability awaits further studies of this nature, when the design reaches a more detailed level. 相似文献
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为识别数字化人-机界面中可能诱发人因失误或弱化操纵员绩效的设计缺陷,建立了一种基于HRA的人-机界面评价方法:HCR+CREAM+HEC。首先,采用HCR方法从事件整体中识别出失误概率高的风险场景;然后,针对高风险场景采用CREAM方法确定各种失误模式及其失误概率,并对失误概率进行排序;最后,依据数字化人-机界面特征建立人因工程检查表,对失误概率高的人-机界面进行审查,以识别人-机界面设计中存在的缺陷,并提出改进建议。结果表明,该方法能快速有效地识别出数字化人-机界面设计中存在的容易诱发人因失误的缺陷,通过设计优化提高核电站数字控制系统运行的安全性。 相似文献
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由于人因可靠性分析(HRA)方法中用于量化基本人因失误概率(HEP)的行为形成因子(PSF)数目众多,且一般是通过专家评判,从而带有主观性、模糊性和不确定性。本文提出一种利用相关系数矩阵、图的距离分类和主成分分析法相结合的方法构建核电厂数字化主控室操纵员PSF的评价模型,其目的是识别不同类型的人因事件中主要影响人因绩效的PSF,以供决策减少人因失误。对某核电厂的179起人因事件报告进行实验,结果表明该评价模型能对核电厂数字化主控室操纵员的PSF进行有效评价。 相似文献
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J. Mustoe S. M. Ali L. Di Pace C. B. A. Forty B.-C. Friedrich S. Sandri H. M. Thompson 《Journal of Fusion Energy》1997,16(3):291-298
On a conservative calculation for a nonoptimized design, the Safety and Environmental Assessment of Fusion Power (SEAFP) water cooled design (Model 2) was found to have an Occupational Radiological Exposure (ORE) which would be too high by today's standards. This paper describes the investigations which have been undertaken to reduce the expected ORE to acceptable levels. In addition, an investigation on allowable exposure to magnetic fields was carried out. 相似文献