共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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采用非剧毒三甲基氯硅烷/碘化钠作为去烷基化试剂与磷酰基乙酸三甲酯反应,代替剧毒品硫酸二甲酯制备用于碘吸附器检验的气态放射性甲基碘。分别在实验室碘吸附器整机检验装置和核电站通风净化系统中,采用替代方法与"硫酸二甲酯法"进行了碘吸附器净化系数测定的对比试验,同时试验观察了替代试剂对甲基碘发生器有机材料部件的影响。试验结果表明,采用替代方法与"硫酸二甲酯法"测得的碘吸附器净化系数基本一致,所用替代试剂与试验装置相容性较好,初步判定可用于碘吸附器整机检验和核电站碘吸附器现场试验,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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碘吸附器的现场试验——放射性甲基碘法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
放射性甲基碘法是碘吸附器现场试验的重要方法之一.本文不仅介绍其试验原理及试验过程,同时也对我们设计研制的放射性甲基碘法主要设备进行介绍.几年来的实践证明,该放射性甲基碘法及其设备可靠、有效,可进一步推广. 相似文献
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为了克服放射性甲基碘法的放射性操作的缺点,开展了非放射性甲基碘(CH3127I)进行碘吸附器性能评价的研究。本文主要介绍该研究的关键技术:即非放CH3127I分析方法的建立。通过实验比较了多种检测灵敏度较高的CH3127I分析方法,最终推荐CH3127I经色谱纯无水乙醇吸收-气相色谱分析方法,该方法吸收液最低定量检测限为0.006 7μg/m L,试验时注入系统CH3127I量仅占其设计吸附容量的2.0%,对碘吸附器吸附CH3131I性能无显著影响,建立的CH3127I分析方法应用于碘吸附器性能评价是可行的。 相似文献
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研究了硫酸二甲酯法、三甲基氯硅烷-磷酰基乙酸三甲酯法和同位素交换法在碘吸附器性能试验及核通风系统除碘效率试验中应用的优缺点。对三种方法的试验产率、试剂及残液毒性、试验可靠性及设备稳定性等方面进行了综合研究。研究结果表明:硫酸二甲酯法由于试剂毒性而在应用上受到一定限制;三甲基氯硅烷-磷酰基乙酸三甲酯法作为低毒性试验方法总体满足现场试验要求,但由于该方法所用试剂对试验设备会造成一定侵蚀,因此需要作一些改进;同位素交换法作为一种新颖的试验方法具有毒性低、产率高、操控简单稳定、风险较低等优点,推荐使用。 相似文献
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以安全壳过滤排放系统对甲基碘的去除性能为背景,分别以去离子水和碱性硫代硫酸钠溶液为吸收剂,对不同吸收剂温度和浓度条件下的甲基碘去除过程进行实验研究,并在此基础上分析物理传质和化学反应两种机制对甲基碘气体去除过程的影响。结果表明:室温条件下,碱性硫代硫酸钠溶液对甲基碘气体的去除作用主要以物理传质过程为主,化学反应速率较慢是限制甲基碘气体去除效率的主导因素;随着温度的增加,化学反应在甲基碘气体去除过程中的作用不断加强。当化学反应速率增加至某一值附近时,继续强化化学反应过程对甲基碘气体去除效率不再具有明显影响,吸收过程进入化学反应不敏感区域,物理传质速率成为限制甲基碘气体去除过程的主要因素。这时需通过增加气液接触面积等方法强化物理传质过程,方能进一步提升对甲基碘气体的去除效果。 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(5):370-375
Absorption process of gaseous methyl iodide by water or sodium hydroxide solutions was investigated using a semi-flow type experimental apparatus by measuring the concentration of all measurable chemical species in both the gas and the liquid phase. The experimental temperature ranged from 288 to 311 K and the gaseous methyl iodide and aqueous sodium hydroxide concentrations were approximately 0.6×10?3 to 7×10?3 and 0 to 0.2 mol/dm3, respectively. It is estimated that the dissolution of methyl iodide into the sodium hydroxide solution proceeds according to the following steps. Step (1) Methyl iodide in air dissolves physically into the aqueous phase. Physical dissolution process obeys Henry's law. Step (2) Methyl iodide dissolved into the aqueous phase is decomposed by a base catalytic hydrolysis and produces methyl alcohol and iodide ion. The equilibrium constants of physical dissolution were obtained from the steady concentration in both the gas and the liquid phases in the semi-flow type experiment because the hydrolysis reaction rate of methyl iodide is very slow in comparison with the physical dissolution in this experimental conditions. The obtained value of the standard heat of solution of methyl iodide into water was 7.2kcal/mol. Salting-out effect was observed when the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the absorbent was over 0.01 mol/dm3. 相似文献
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以去离子水为吸收溶剂,采用一种动态的测量方法,对不同温度和压力条件下气态甲基碘的溶解特性进行了实验研究。结果表明,在温度不高于80 ℃、压力不高于0.3 MPa的参数范围内,气态甲基碘在水中的溶解规律服从亨利定律。根据测量结果计算获得了不同温度和压力条件下的溶解度系数,从计算结果发现,常压条件下,随温度的升高,甲基碘气体在水中的溶解度系数呈指数规律逐渐降低;当压力从0.1 MPa等间距变化至0.3 MPa时,溶解度系数也近似呈线性增加,不同压力下的溶解度系数随温度的变化均表现为指数递减规律。综合大量实验数据,拟合获得了适用于不同压力和温度条件下甲基碘溶解度系数的计算关系式。 相似文献
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A method is proposed for determining the sorption power of impregnated activated carbons used for removing the radioactive
iodine from gaseous radioactive wastes at nuclear power plants. The sorption power, which is determined from the activity
distribution along the sorbent layer and the residence time of the gas flow in the volume of the activated carbon, is proposed
as a criterion for the sorbent’s power to catch radioactive methyl iodide. 相似文献
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将国产11 C碘代甲烷模块和氟多功能模块联合使用,合成11 C的正电子放射性药物。由11 C碘代甲烷模块合成甲基化试剂11 CH3-Triflate,将11 CH3-Triflate通入到含有前体的氟多功能模块第二反应管中,加热后经半制备HPLC纯化,收集产品后再经固相萃制备可供注射的11 C放射性药物。通过以上结合,经HPLC纯化,可自动化合成11 C-Ralopride(合成效率(38.2±4.5)%,n=10)、11 C-PIB(合成效率(68.4±3.2)%,n=12)、11 C-DASB(合成效率(52.4±5.5)%,n=4)、11 C-PK11195(合成效率(45.6±7.1)%,n=8)。制备药物的放化纯度大于95%。研究表明,将国产11 C碘代甲烷模块和氟多功能模块结合使用,可以合成多种11 C放射性药物以满足临床的需求。 相似文献
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The knowledge of the partial pressure of fission product iodine is important for evaluating the FCCI (fuel cladding chemical interaction) in FBR. Thermodynamical analysis shows that iodine is believed to react with cesium so strongly that the partial pressure of iodine is kept too low to cause FCCI. A molecule of cesium iodide is, however, excited by radiation in the reactor and dissociates into radical and ion. In this work, the radiation effect on the partial pressure of iodine is theoretically studied for the gaseous cesium-iodine system. Fission fragment flux is considered as the radiation and the iodine partial pressure is evaluated based on the theory of gaseous reaction. The results of the calculation show that the partial pressure of iodine can be increased enough to cause FCCI in the radiation field. In the case of the FBR fuel pin, the partial pressure of iodine under radiation conditions can be calculated to be ~ 10?2 Pa (~10?7 atm), which is higher than that of the non-radiation condition ~10?9 Pa (~10?14 atm). These calculations were carried out under the assumption that the cladding inner surface temperature was 873 K (600°C) and the oxygen potential was ?418 kJ/mol (?100 kcal/mol). 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Materials》1986,137(2):115-123
The presence of organic-iodine contaminants, or specifically methyl iodide, in the iodine environment during stress corrosion tests leads to an increased frequency of crack nucleation, and possibly a more rapid crack propagation process. The unusual fractographic features associated with these impurities suggest that they enhance the reduction in the surface energy of zirconium, cause an instability in the propagating crack front, and possibly enhance the rate of reaction to form zirconium iodides. These impurities are the most potent catalysts of iodine-induced cracking so far identified, although methyl iodide alone cannot initiate cracking. 相似文献