四列角接触球轴承振动特性研究

基于滚动轴承动力学理论,建立了四列角接触球轴承的动力学分析模型,并以某型号四列角接触球轴承为例,对不同结构参数与工况参数下的轴承振动特性进行理论分析。结果表明:对于四列角接触球轴承,根据使用工况选择大、小球列不同的内、外沟曲率半径系数与初始接触角更有利于轴承的减振降噪;对轴承施加一定的轴向预紧量可有效减小轴承振动;存在较为合理的轴向载荷、倾覆力矩及内圈转速范围使四列角接触球轴承在使用时的振动较小。     

计及套圈变形的电主轴角接触球轴承动刚度分析

针对高速电主轴结构特点,应用弹性力学和滚动轴承动力学理论,建立考虑内圈弯曲变形影响的角接触球轴承动刚度分析模型,探讨不同工况下内圈的径向挠度及其对轴承动刚度的影响,最后在12MD60Y6型号电主轴上进行轴承动刚度测试。理论和实验结果表明,内圈径向挠度和轴承的轴向载荷成正比、与转速成反比,在重载条件下其值不容忽视。考虑内圈径向挠度的轴承动刚度计算结果更接近实验结果。     

高速滚动球轴承动态载荷计算改进方法的研究

在离心力和陀螺力矩的作用下,滚动球轴承高速旋转时的内部载荷分布与轴承静止情况下的载荷分布具有显著差异,其主要影响因素包括,滚动轴承的接触角、轴承预紧位移以及旋转速度等。基于JonesHarris(简称JH)力学模型的轴承载荷分布的分析方法已经得到了广泛的应用。然而其计算公式多、迭代繁琐、收敛速度慢。针对此现象,研究了轴承动态载荷分布规律及其算法,提出了改进的JH轴承数值计算模型,给出相应的简化计算步骤。计算与对比结果表明,改进的JH计算模型在其应用范围内,可以大幅减少计算时间。     

深沟球轴承运转过程动态特性有限元分析

综合考虑轴承径向载荷及转速的影响,应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立了深沟球轴承多体动力接触有限元模型;以显式动力学有限元法为基础,采用全积分单元算法控制沙漏,设置质量缩放系数缩减计算时间,对内圈施加不同转速时的深沟球轴承进行动力接触分析,得出了深沟球轴承运转过程的动态响应及滚动体的应力分布。滚动体的最大和最小线速度分别出现在与内、外圈接触点上,各转速下滚动体与内圈接触的应力基本相同,滚动体与外圈接触的应力随转速增高而相应增大,滚动体与外圈间接触力的波动大于内圈,而滚动体与保持架间的作用力较小。研究表明,ANSYS/LS-DYNA是分析轴承运转过程动力接触问题十分有效的工具。     

高速电主轴角接触球轴承刚度及其对电主轴临界转速的影响分析

针对高速电主轴角接触球轴承高转速的特点,建立角接触球轴承的拟静力学模型,分析径向力与电主轴转速对轴承滚珠与轴承沟道的接触角、接触力的影响;根据轴承与滚珠的受力平衡条件,研究角接触球轴承刚度受电主轴转速与预紧力的影响;基于Timoshenko梁理论,建立轴承-主轴的有限元模型,分析不同预紧力下角接触球轴承对电主轴临界转速的影响。结果表明:径向力与电主轴转速将改变轴承滚珠与轴承沟道的接触角与接触力,减小预紧力与升高转速会导致轴承的刚度降低,进而降低电主轴的临界转速;需要综合考虑角接触球轴承离心力、内圈膨胀和预紧力等影响因素,才能有效保障电主轴的安全运行。     

CrC复合镀层钢球对轴承振动性能的影响

应用非平衡磁控溅射技术在6204轴承钢球表面制备出CrC复合镀层,对CrC镀层钢球轴承和无镀层钢球轴承的振动性能进行试验及对比分析。结果表明,CrC镀层钢球轴承明显降低了轴承的振动值,特别是在高速、高载荷工况情况下减振效果尤为显著;提高了轴承振动的平稳性能。     

考虑密封结构的球轴承涡轮增压器转子动力学特性研究

【摘要】：针对某型号车用球轴承涡轮增压器,利用密封力与油膜力动力学相似原理,将增压器转子系统中的密封结构视为一种油膜轴承,应用短轴承理论计算得到其刚度和阻尼矩阵并代入模型进行仿真计算,并与临界转速实验结果和未添加密封结构模型的计算结果进行对比,得到了密封结构对增压器转子系统临界转速、稳定性、不平衡响应的影响规律。结果表明：研究分析球轴承涡轮增压器转子动力学特性必须考虑密封结构,且可以应用短轴承理论分析密封结构动力学特性。     

滚动轴承接触角智能测量仪

基于角接触球轴承运动学关系,本文给出了接触角测量原理,介绍了单片机轴承接触角测量仪的结构及软、硬件设计方法。该测量仪的研制为角接触球轴承的生产、选配和使用提供了重要的检测手段。     

高速球轴承热稳定性研究EI北大核心CSCD

基于球轴承拟静力学模型,考虑润滑油流变特性、热源和结构尺寸随温度的时变特性。利用热网格法建立了高速球轴承瞬态热计算模型,通过求解热平衡方程得到轴承瞬态变化特性,研究了工况参数对轴承生热量、温度和热诱导载荷的影响规律,为高速球轴承润滑参数选取、结构优化、热失效机理和故障分析提供了理论依据。结果表明:内圈转速和轴向载荷的变化均对轴承的热平衡温度和热诱导载荷有显著影响;适当降低润滑油的黏度、增大空气的对流系数有利于减小轴承热诱导载荷;预测结果和文献测试结果吻合较好。     

高速球轴承热稳定性研究

基于球轴承拟静力学模型,考虑润滑油流变特性、热源和结构尺寸随温度的时变特性。利用热网格法建立了高速球轴承瞬态热计算模型,通过求解热平衡方程得到轴承瞬态变化特性,研究了工况参数对轴承生热量、温度和热诱导载荷的影响规律,为高速球轴承润滑参数选取、结构优化、热失效机理和故障分析提供了理论依据。结果表明:内圈转速和轴向载荷的变化均对轴承的热平衡温度和热诱导载荷有显著影响;适当降低润滑油的黏度、增大空气的对流系数有利于减小轴承热诱导载荷;预测结果和文献测试结果吻合较好。     

An improved dynamic model for angular contact ball bearings under constant preload

High-speed spindles are typically installed with angular contact ball bearings. This research has established a dynamic model for angular contact ball bearings under constant preload. By analyzing the constant preload mechanism, and the gyroscopic and centripetal forces, a dynamic non-linear model for angular contact ball bearings was proposed using Hertz contact theory. The model was solved by numerical iteration to obtain the dynamic parameters of an angular contact ball bearing which included: the dynamic normal contact force and contact angle, the maximum compressive stress and axial displacement, the contact pattern, stiffnesses, etc. To validate the model, a test device was designed which was equipped with a constant preloaded bearing group. By measuring the relative displacement of the bearings’ inner and outer rings under different conditions, the accuracy of the model was proved. This modeling method provided a theoretical basis for calculating bearing thermal characteristics, fatigue life, and an optimized radius of curvature of the bearing ring channel.     

外滚道剥落的高速轴承转子非线性系统及其振动响应分析

为了建立符合工程实际的外滚道剥落高速轴承转子系统动力学模型,将滚道剥落引起的时变位移和时变冲击激励、油膜时变刚度和时变阻尼、钢球与滚道时变接触刚度和时变接触角、时变接触力等非线性因素综合考虑,结合JONES的高速球轴承动力学模型建立了外滚道剥落的高速轴承转子系统非线性动力学模型.基于该模型研究了剥落尺寸和转速变化时轴承...     

Einsatz von Hartstoffbeschichtungen bei Spindellagern

Application of hard surface coatings for spindle bearings The demands on modern Machine Tools ascends continuously with the requirements of the production for high quality and short‐time processings. Particularly the increase of the processing‐ and removal times of the last years dues to higher loads of the main spindle bearing. The bearing as a central machine component characterises the performance of the Machine Tool for the cutting process and defines the reliability of the main spindle. The majority of the applicated spindle bearings are ball bearings. A large amount of the spindle fall‐outs is caused by a non adequate or defecitive lubrication and is effected by the tribological properties of the bearing elements. For the reduction of friction and wear nowadays several materials, coatings and lubrication additives are applied. Actual researches focus on the development of hard surface coatings (a‐C:H:W) with a nano structure for the rolling contact of ball bearings to increase their reliability. In this article the test of nano structured hard surface coating systems for the reduction of friction, warming and wear are presented. Thus the coating systems are verificated for the application in spindle bearings by pretesting. According to the evaluation the inner and outer raceway of standard‐hybrid bearings are coated and the adhesion in reference to rotational speed, resistance and wear performance at high acceleration is analysed. Concluding the emergency running properties at dry‐running condition is evaluated to identify the field of application for the coatings.     

基于坐标变换方法的风力机偏航轴承载荷分布的分析与计算

针对风力机偏航轴承尺寸大, 承载状况复杂, 普通轴承分析方法在此不再适用等问题, 提出一种采用坐标变换原理对各滚球处接触载荷分布进行分析计算的方法。通过在风力机上建立坐标系, 将作用在风机上的外载荷从叶根部位开始传递到偏航轴承的外圈上, 将作用在外圈上的载荷表示为风机各运动参数(风轮旋转、叶片安装角、轴倾角)的函数。在偏航轴承内圈和外圈上各建立一个坐标系, 通过将接触区域的变形表示为两坐标系之间相对运动参数的函数, 建立了整体静力平衡方程。以三种载荷状况为例进行了接触载荷分布求解, 结果表明:倾覆力矩对接触载荷的大小及分布影响最大, 接触载荷基本以正弦规律分布。     

Oblique impact of inflated balls at large deflections

A planar theory for oblique impact of thin-walled spherical balls against a rough rigid surface has been developed on the basis of an assumed deformation field—an initially spherical ball is assumed to flatten against the constraint surface while the remainder of the ball remains undeformed. For inflated thin-walled balls, which are represented by these assumptions (basketballs, soccer balls, volleyballs, etc) the normal reaction force acting on the flattened contact patch is predominately due to the internal gas pressure—the reaction due to shell bending is insignificant in comparison with this gas force. During impact of a thin-walled ball there also is a non-conservative momentum flux reaction that is caused by the flow of momentum into and out-of the flattened contact patch. If the ball is translating as well as rotating about an axis perpendicular to the plane of motion, the distribution of the normal component of velocity for material entering and exiting the flattened contact patch results in a distribution of momentum flux force intensity around the periphery of the contact patch and consequently, a momentum flux torque acting on the flattened sphere. The effect of these reaction forces and torque on oblique impact of thin-walled spherical balls is calculated as a function of the ball deflection (or normal component of impact velocity). In comparison with rigid body calculations for oblique impact of a spinning ball against a rough surface at angles<45° from normal, the effect of maximum deflections as large as half the initial radius is to slightly accentuate the effect of friction on angle of rebound and moderately decrease the angular velocity of the ball. However, for angles >45° from normal, the final angular velocity can be as small as 40% of that predicted by rigid body theory. The most significant changes in rebound angle are for cases with initial backspin—a technique commonly used in many ball sports.     

惯性载荷对高速角接触球轴承最优预紧力的影响分析

高速角接触球轴承拟静力学模型是轴承内部载荷分布的有效分析手段,是动力学分析的基础.对受轴向载荷的高速角接触球轴承的具体算例进行了求解计算,得出了不同转速下钢球与沟道接触力随预紧力的变化规律.计算结果表明:在低转速范围内,钢球与外沟道接触力随着轴向预紧力的增大而线性增大;随着转速的升高,该接触力会呈现非线性变化,表现出先减小后增大的变化趋势.对这一变化规律进行了详细的分析,并从接触疲劳寿命和陀螺转动摩擦生热的角度,提出了确定高速角接触球轴承最佳预紧力的双重约束条件,为高速角接触球轴承的设计与使用提供参考依据.     

对转圆柱滚子轴承动态特性分析

针对内外圈对转圆柱滚子轴承内部复杂的运动特性及相互作用力,通过分析轴承径向游隙的影响因素以及考虑滚子与滚道的接触变形和热效应对油膜厚度的影响,利用拟静力学法建立了轴承的分析模型,并采用NewtonRaphson法进行求解;同时,利用该模型对滚子打滑率进行计算,以验证所采用分析方法的正确性和可靠性。然后,进一步探讨了不同工况下对转圆柱滚子轴承内部组件的转速变化规律与接触特性。结果表明：滚子的自转转速、滚子与滚道的接触载荷均随径向载荷的增大而增大;内、外圈转速变化会使受载区滚子与滚道的接触载荷以一定的规律重新分配,且转速对最小油膜厚度的影响较径向载荷更为明显。研究结果可为对转圆柱滚子轴承的结构优化和生热机理分析提供理论依据。