3D printing technology can fabricate customized scaffolds based on patient-derived medical images, so it has attracted much attention in the field of developing bone repair scaffolds. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a suitable polymer for preparing bone repair scaffolds because of its good biocompatibility, thermal stability, excellent mechanical properties and degradable properties. However, PCL is a bioinert material and cannot induce new bone formation at the defect site. In this study, the bioactive material 58s bioactive glass was mixed into PCL to form PCL/bioactive glass composite material. The results of contact angle showed that the hydrophilicity of the scaffold was significantly enhanced with the increase of bioactive glass content. In vitro experiment results showed that, with the increase of bioactive glass content, cell adhesion and proliferation were enhanced, the expression levels of Runx2 and Collagen I(COL-I) were upregulated. The experimental results of in vivo radial defect repair in rats also showed that the effect of bone repair was improved with the increase of bioactive glass content. In conclusion, PCL customized bone repair scaffold containing 20% bioactive glass has widely potential used in the field of clinical bone repair. 相似文献
Bone formation and growth are crucial for treating bone fractures. Improving bone-reconstruction methods using autologous bone and synthetic implants can reduce the recovery time. Here, we investigated three treatments using two different materials, a bone-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (bdECM) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), individually and in combination, as osteogenic promoter between bone and 3D-printed polycaprolactone scaffold (6-mm diameter) in rat calvarial defects (8-mm critical diameter). The materials were tested with a human pre-osteoblast cell line (MG63) to determine the effects of the osteogenic promoter on bone formation in vitro. A polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold with a porous structure was placed at the center of the in vivo rat calvarial defects. The gap between the defective bone and PCL scaffold was filled with each material. Animals were sacrificed four weeks post-implantation, and skull samples were preserved for analysis. The preserved samples were scanned by micro-computed tomography and analyzed histologically to examine the clinical benefits of the materials. The bdECM–β-TCP mixture showed faster bone formation and a lower inflammatory response in the rats. Therefore, our results imply that a bdECM–β-TCP mixture is an ideal osteogenic promoter for treating fractures. 相似文献
We prepared biodegradable polycaprolactone/cuttlebone scaffold composite by salt leaching process. In the first step, a co-continuous blend of biodegradable materials, polycaprolactone (PCL) and cuttlebone (CB), and an amount of sodium chloride salt particles were mixed using a stirrer. Next, the extraction of mineral salts using de-ionized distilled water was performed using a biodegradable PCL/CB scaffold with fully interconnected pores. Finally, the durable morphology of the scaffolds was fabricated by freeze-drying process at ?53 °C for 24 hrs in a vacuum. In addition, the quadrilateral pres ranged from about 250 to 300 ??m in diameter. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimeter techniques were carried out to characterize the pore morphology. By increasing the CB and sodium chloride salt particle content, the number of interconnected pores, material properties, and pore morphology were dramatically changed. The average compressive strengths (load at 50% strain) of the different porous PCL/CB scaffolds were found to decrease from 133 to about 79 (load at 50% strain, gf) with an increase in porosity. The values of the porosity increased as the sodium chloride salt volume fraction increased 相似文献
Requirements for an ideal scaffold include biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength and sufficient porosity and pore dimensions. Beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has competent biocompatibility and biodegradability, but has low mechanical strength because of its porous structure. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polymer with elastic characteristics and good biocompatibility. In this study, β-TCP/PCL composites were prepared in different ratio and their morphology, phase content, mechanical properties, biodegradation and biocompatibility were investigated. After coating, surfaces of β-TCP scaffolds were covered with the PCL while some of the pores were partially clogged. The compression and bending strength of β-TCP scaffolds were significantly enhanced by PCL coating. The degradation rate of the scaffold in Tris buffer was reduced with higher content of the PCL coating. MTT and ALP assays showed that the osteoblast cells could proliferate and differentiate on PCL coated scaffolds as well as on bare β-TCP scaffolds. Based on the comprehensive analysis achieved in this study, it is concluded that the β-TCP/PCL composite scaffold fabricated with 40% β-TCP and 5% PCL exhibits optimum properties suitable for dental applications. 相似文献
Medicinal plants such as Calendula officinalis (C. officinalis) are commonly used for skin wounds’ treatment. On the other hand, gum arabic (GA) has a lot of potential for use in wound healing because of its unique physio-chemical properties. Wound healing activity of gum arabic (GA) and Calendula officinalis (C. officinalis) along with good mechanical properties of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) can produce a suitable nanofibrous scaffold for skin tissue engineering as well as wound dressing application. In this study, PCL/C. officinalis/GA nanofibrous scaffolds with diameter distribution in the range of 85–290 nm were prepared via electrospinning. Characteristics of the nanofibrous scaffolds, i.e., morphology, scaffold compounds, porosity, mechanical and antibacterial properties, hydrophilicity and degradability in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) were investigated. Cell viability and proliferation of scaffolds were evaluated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. Results indicated that hydrophilicity of the PCL/C. officinalis/GA scaffolds was higher than the PCL scaffold. The tensile strength and elongation of the PCL/C. officinalis/GA scaffolds were in the range of 2.13–4.41 MPa and 26.37–74.37%, respectively, which are very suitable for skin tissue engineering. The porosity of the scaffolds was higher than 60% and was appropriate for the proliferation of fibroblast cells. The nanocomposite scaffold also showed suitable degradability and antimicrobial activity. Moreover, cell culture indicated that GA and C. officinalis promoted cell attachment and proliferation. It can be concluded that the nanofibrous calendula-loaded PCL/GA scaffolds are well suited for regenerating skin.
In the current study, tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), an antibiotic against most of the medically relevant bacteria, was incorporated into poly (ε-caprolactone)/poly lactic acid solution in order to develop a composite scaffold with both antibacterial and osteoinductive properties for the repair of infected bone defects. The composite scaffolds were produced from poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly lactic acid (PLA) solution (1:1 (w/w)) incorporated with 3, 5, and 10% (w/w) of TCH by thermally induced phase separation technique. The scaffolds were evaluated regarding their morphology, wettability, porosity, degradation, mechanical properties, and cellular response. The scaffold containing 10% of TCH (PCL/PLA/TCH10%) was chosen as the optimum scaffold for further investigation in a rat femoral defect model. The study showed that after eight weeks, the bone formation was relatively higher in PCL/PLA/TCH10%-treated group with completely filled defect when compared with control (PCL/PLA scaffold without TCH). Histopathological evaluation showed that the defect in PCL/PLA/TCH10%-treated group was fully replaced by new bone and connective tissue. Our results provide evidence supporting the possible applicability of TCH-containing scaffolds for successful bone regeneration. 相似文献
Polycaprolactone (PCL) blend with poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) or poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) dual‐leached scaffolds are prepared by using the solvent casting and salt–polymer‐leaching technique. The blending of the PHB and PHBV in PCL scaffolds results in decreased porosities of the scaffolds, and the water absorption capacities of the scaffolds also decrease. The compressive modulus of the PCL–PHB and PCL–PHBV dual‐leached scaffolds is greatly increased by the blending of PHB or PHBV matrix. An indirect cytotoxicity evaluation of all scaffolds with mouse fibroblastic cells (L929) and mouse calvaria‐derived preosteoblastic cell (MC3T3‐E1) indicates that all dual‐leached scaffolds are posed as nontoxic to cells. Both PCL–PHB and PCL–PHBV dual‐leached scaffolds are supported by the attachment of MC3T3‐E1 at significantly higher levels to tissue culture polystyrene plate (TCPS) and are able to support the proliferation of MC3T3‐E1 at higher levels to that cells on TCPS and PCL scaffolds. For mineralization, cells cultured on surfaces of PCL–PHB and PCL–PHBV dual‐leached scaffolds show higher mineral deposition than on TCPS and PCL scaffold.
In this work, the authors report an effective one‐pot method to prepare poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐incorporated bovine serum albumin (BSA)/calcium alginate/hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocomposite (NC) scaffolds by templating oil‐in‐water high internal phase emulsion (HIPE), which includes alginate, BSA, and HAp in water phase and PCL in oil phase. The water phase of HIPEs is solidified to form hydrogels containing emulsion droplets via gelation of alginate induced by Ca2+ ions released from HAp. And the prepared hydrogels are freeze‐dried to obtain PCL‐incorporated porous scaffolds. The obtained scaffolds possess interconnected pore structures. Increasing PCL concentration clearly enhances the compressive property and BSA stability, decreases the swelling ratio of scaffolds, which assists in improving the scaffold stability. The anti‐inflammatory drug ibuprofen can be highly efficiently loaded into scaffolds and released in a sustained rate. Furthermore, mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells can successfully proliferate on the scaffolds, proving the biocompatibility of scaffolds. All results show that the PCL‐incorporated NC scaffolds possess promising potentials in tissue engineering application.