超声导波频散曲线反演皮质骨参数的研究

皮质骨参数的变化可以反映骨质的健康状况,因此文章提出了一种频散能量匹配算法来反演皮质骨参数。首先,通过频散特性方程计算出预定义参数下的频散曲线数据库;其次,利用时域有限差分算法建立皮质骨声场模型,将仿真的时域信号通过功率谱估计得到频散能量信息,并与数据库进行匹配,通过分析匹配结果的能量从而得到皮质骨的厚度、纵波速度和横波速度。仿真结果显示：与理论值相比,厚度的平均相对误差为3.8%,纵波速度与横波速度的平均相对误差分别为0.6%、0.9%。对三组离体牛胫骨皮质骨进行反演,离体实验结果显示：与真实值相比,厚度相对误差为4.9%,且实验频散曲线与反演得到的理论频散曲线吻合。因此文中所提出的反演算法可以有效获取皮质骨的厚度,横波速度和纵波速度,从而为评价骨质的健康状况提供可靠的依据。     

振动声激发超声导波评估皮质骨厚度的研究

利用振动声激发超声导波来评价长骨是一种较新的思路。基于超声轴向传播方法,首先通过三维有限元法对导波在长骨中的传播进行建模仿真,再根据接收波形求解0A导波模式的相速度,最后依据理论相速度频散曲线得出皮质骨厚度。对不同厚度(2~6 mm)的骨板仿真的结果表明,皮质骨厚度估计的平均误差仅为2.61%。所提出的方法能够有效评估皮质骨厚度,对发展超声导波反演长骨的新技术具有一定意义,同时为临床超声导波长骨诊断的研究提供了新的思路。     

流-固多层结构中软层介质参数反演研究

建立了固体层内含软层介质的多层流-固界面模型。使用传递矩阵法,导出固体层内含软层介质的流-固界面波的频散方程。根据频散方程计算频散曲线,改变软层介质的深度、厚度及横波波速,观察频散曲线的变化。使用有限元软件建立仿真模型,引入遗传反向传播(Back Propagation, BP)神经网络,对模型参数进行了反演。反演结果表明,使用遗传BP神经网络,能有效地反演出软层介质的深度、厚度与横波波速参数。     

考虑高阶模式的瑞利波反演研究

1引言 瑞利波勘探是被广泛应用于高速公路质量检测、溶洞勘查及地基处理等工程领域中的一种物探方法,该方法的原理是基于层状介质中瑞利波的频散特性.在表面激发不同频率的瑞利波信号,对接收到的信号,经处理得到一条实测频散曲线,根据该频散曲线反演推断地下介质的信息.由于层状介质中瑞利波的多模性,以往的反演中,较多地是利用基阶模式的频散曲线与实测频散曲线进行拟合,这样做就假定了在各个模式中,只有基阶模式的瑞利波能量居于主导地位,实际上,正如Gncunski指出的,只有对于规则剖面(regular profile),这种假设才是正确的,对于非规则剖面(irregular profile),通常高阶模式的能量是不能忽略的.这里所谓规则剖面是指层状介质的横波速度随深度的增加而增加,而非规则剖面是指不满足这种关系的层状介质.本文将在频率波数域中分析各个模式频散的的基础上,采用数值方法,研究考虑高阶模式的瑞利波反演.     

兰姆波频散曲线的绘制与试验验证

基于频散曲线实质上是频散方程实数解分布图的特点,提出了频散曲线的简易绘制方法,并采用2．5MHz可变角探头在厚度为1．29mm的铝板上进行了试验验证,通过比较群速度、相速度和激发角的理论计算和试验结果,以及进行误差分析可知,此法具有良好的实用性。     

基于声压反射系数幅度谱匹配分析的薄层厚度和超声纵波声速双参数反演EI北大核心CSCD

针对薄层材料超声测厚过程中回波信号混叠、超声纵波声速未知导致薄层厚度无法测量的问题,提出一种基于声压反射系数幅度谱（Ultrasonic Reflection Coefficient Amplitude Spectrum,URCAS）匹配分析技术同时测量薄层厚度和超声纵波声速的方法。采用相关系数法对薄层试样实测声压反射系数幅度谱和理论声压反射系数幅度谱在超声检测有效频带范围内逐一进行匹配分析,通过反演计算得到相关系数最大值点对应的超声检测参数,最终实现薄层厚度和超声纵波声速的同时表征。利用该方法对铝合金基体上的雷达吸波涂层（Radar Absorbing Coatings,RAC）进行实验测试及信号分析。结果表明：该方法可以有效实现混叠信号中超声特征参量的提取,反演得到吸波涂层厚度与千分尺测量厚度间相对误差为2.53%-3.72%、纵波声速测量相对误差为2.51%-3.75%。     

海底沉积物声波现场测试和有限差分数值模拟研究

利用基于Biot理论的高阶交错网格有限差分算法,模拟了声源在不同位置条件下激发声波的传播,重点讨论了纵波和各种转换波的声场,并与我国某海域地区海底沉积层的现场测试数据进行了对比。研究结果表明,海底沉积层中的纵波具有明显的频散现象,这种频散现象与理论预期结果相吻合,而且由Biot理论得到的纵波频散规律和现场测试结果有较好的一致性,但对于纵波的衰减,二者符合得不好,这是因为Biot理论模型的假设条件和海底沉积层的差别较大造成的。计算声场显示,当声源放置在海水中时,在沉积层中产生三种转换波;当声源放置在沉积层中时,在沉积层中产生了多种类型的波。在某些条件下,海底沉积层中的横波速度低于慢纵波速度。     

液浸多层薄膜-基底结构中Scholte界面波特性研究

多层薄膜-基底结构在工业领域有广泛应用，其中薄膜的厚度与弹性参数等特性对结构与器件性能有显著影响。但对多层薄膜材料参数进行无损定征较为困难。考虑界面波对界面附近材料特性敏感的特点，以及分层薄膜导致液固界面Scholte波频散与分层材料速度分布密切相关等因素，文章首先利用全局矩阵理论分析了分层结构中的声传播，并给出界面上脉冲激励的声压表达式，据此对水浸双层薄膜-基底三层结构材料声速呈正梯度、负梯度、随机分布三种结构中液固界面Scholte波的频散曲线进行数值计算。进一步详细计算了法向脉冲线源激发的界面波瞬态信号随薄膜厚度的变化。结果显示，三种结构中两层薄膜厚度均对液-固界面波频散特性有显著影响，同时不同膜厚对不同频段的Scholte波的“捕获”作用(频率选择性)十分明显。该结果为进一步利用Scholte波频散特性进行多层薄膜厚度定征提供了理论依据。     

非均匀复合材料板中剪切波传播的研究

基于弹性界层中弹性波干涉理论,采用有效介质法,研究了剪切波在非均匀、纤维随机分布复合材料板中的传播,得到了非均匀弹性介质内的有效波数。通过满足弹性有界层的上、下边界条件,得到了非均匀界层中的频散方程。作为特例,绘出了不同参数下板中的前四阶频散曲线。可以看出,非均匀弹性有界层中的频散曲线和均匀界层中的有很大不同。最后分析了纤维和基体特性比、纤维的体积份数以及板厚与纤维半径比对频散曲线的影响。     

双层管结构中扭转模态传播特性的理论分析与实验研究

通过分析不同的应力和位移边界条件得到了三种不同双层管结构中扭转模态的频散方程。不同结构中频散方程的阶次也不相同。并进行数值求解,得到相应的频散曲线。对不同双层管结构中扭转模态尤其是T(0,1)模态的主要传播特性进行了分析。然后,利用厚度剪切压电陶瓷片分别在这三种不同的管结构中进行了激励接收扭转模态的实验。实验结果与理论分析较为吻合。结果表明,利用全局矩阵法可以得到不同双层管结构的扭转模态频散方程,并且其频散曲线可用作模态选取的理论指导,用于这些管结构的缺陷检测。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to