考虑移动氢储能和高密度可再生能源的主动配电网优化调度

随着可再生分布式电源(RDG)在配电网中的渗透率逐步提高,局部地区已出现配电网对RDG消纳能力不足的情况。已有研究表明主动配电网中的各类有功、无功灵活性资源对RDG消纳具有促进作用。为此,基于氢储能的可移动特性,提出一种新型的含高密度RDG的主动配电网优化调度模型。考虑RDG出力的随机性和氢能在多座氢储能电站之间运输的时间约束,以及无功补偿装置、软开关等传统调节手段,提出了软开关模型精确线性化建模方法,建立了多座氢储能电站在配电网内的优化调度混合整数线性规划模型。以某一实际农村配电网为算例对所提方法进行仿真,量化分析了考虑可移动特性的多氢储能电站协同优化的效果,并验证了所提线性化模型的精确性。     

Optimal use of energy storage systems with renewable energy sources

This article proposes a multi-period optimization to study the technical and economic effects of the placement and use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Energy Storage Systems (ESS) in an electrical network. As the RES penetrations increase, their inherent variability affects the actual amounts of energy dispatched, their contribution to decrease emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases, and the overall welfare effects they may have. Moreover, to better harness the energy from renewable sources, both new methodologies and technologies need to be adopted, counteracting the variability and uncertainty of these sources. A possible solution to the challenges of RES adoption is the coupling to energy storage sources, either as dedicated facilities on the supply side, or supporting the accommodation of loads to the available generation on the demand side. This paper suggests an algorithm for network dispatch, aimed at answering some of fundamental changes in the way the system is managed and discusses analytical characteristics of the optimal solution.The proposed methodology is applied to a case study. Four scenarios are analyzed in their dispatches, estimating the welfare effects on the participants in the wholesale market for a modified IEEE 30-bus network with wind energy as the RES in penetrations close to 15%. The policy implications from the results obtained prove that, first, ESS can decrease the ramping necessary for load following, but not necessarily increase the amount of wind energy used, and second, congestion patterns in the electrical network play a crucial role in the final effectiveness of the RES and ESS. These are important insights into an ongoing debate on how to direct storage and renewable energy investments for a low carbon economy.     

Dynamic economic dispatch with demand-side management incorporating renewable energy sources and pumped hydroelectric energy storage

Electrical Engineering - This paper recommends chaotic fast convergence evolutionary programming (CFCEP) for solving real-world dynamic economic dispatch (DED) with demand-side management (DSM)...     

一种适用于新能源发电接入电网的电压源换流器

大容量的新能源发电接入电网换流器既需可调节有功和无功功率,又需减少注入电网电流的谐波含量.双Buck电压源换流器仅用2个高频开关便可实现新能源发电接入电网.这种双Buck型换流器的滤波电感既可以置于晶闸管逆变桥的直流侧.也可置于交流侧.通过采用空间矢量分析方法.并结合晶闸管逆变桥的换相条件,对滤波电感处于不同位置的2种换流器电路的有功和无功功率处理能力进行了分析和比较,结果表明这2种电路具有不同的有功和无功处理能力.该结论为换流器的功率控制区间提供了理论基础.同时对2种电路的输出电流波形质量进行了分析,表明滤波电感置于直流侧时.由于电感电流不能突变会导致换流器输出电流波形畸变严重.而滤波电感置于交流侧时,则不会存在该问题.Saber仿真对分析结果进行了验证.     

面向灵活爬坡服务的高比例新能源电力系统可调节资源优化调度模型

随着高比例新能源接入电网,新能源出力和负荷的波动性及不确定性对系统的灵活爬坡能力提出更高的要求。提出了一种面向灵活爬坡服务的针对高比例新能源电力系统中常规发电机组、储能、柔性负荷等可调节资源的优化调度模型。首先,提出一种考虑日前预测净负荷不确定性的灵活爬坡需求估计方法,根据爬坡起始和结束时刻净负荷及其安全裕度,量化估计电力系统灵活爬坡需求。其次,基于生成的净负荷不确定性场景,提出了考虑系统灵活爬坡需求的基于两阶段混合整数线性规划的可调节资源优化调度模型,从日前-实时两个阶段实现可调节资源的优化调度。最后,基于IEEE-RTS-24节点系统,在4种典型方案场景下对比验证所提优化调度模型。结果表明所提模型能有效提升系统灵活性,降低系统运行成本。     

大规模风电入网下的风气火电力系统联合优化调度

建立综合考虑机组能耗成本最低、环境成本最低、火电机组平稳运行为目标的风气火联合优化动态经济调度模型。采用启发式搜索确定机组组合,避免火电机组频繁启停及过大的系统容量冗余。提出一种改进的混合粒子群算法,通过10机测试系统验证了该算法的优越性。以某地区电网为例进行仿真计算,结果验证了所提调度模型与改进的粒子群算法的可行性和有效性。     

Multi-objective generation dispatch using bi-criterion globaloptimisation

This paper proposes a bi-criterion global optimisation approach to determine the most appropriate generation dispatch solution taking into account fuel costs, environmental costs and security requirements of power networks. The approach is based on the simulated annealing technique and the formation of a bi-criterion objective function. Its effectiveness is demonstrated through an example, in which the sample test system is a three-area interconnected and longitudinal power system     

Under pressure [renewable energy generation]

The UK's electricity network has reached its current stage of development despite the various mistakes made along the way, but can the industry really rely on the same approach in the future? Given recent changes, traditional network models may not be as effective as they have been in the past. Current UK energy policy requires the network to accept large-scale renewable energy as well as extensive local generation. In addition, transmission and distribution losses need to be reduced dramatically. Clearly these demands will require investment in the nation's ageing network assets, but first, clashes between government policy, industry implementation, the regulatory regime and public opinion must be resolved.     

基于条件相关运行风险的发电调度优化模型

综合考虑实时运行条件对元件和电网运行可靠性的影响,构建基于条件相关运行风险的发电调度优化模型。将条件相关的运行风险评估与发电调度优化相结合,采用统一的货币形式量化发电机调度成本和风险代价,以期望总成本最小为目标函数,在满足正常和故障状态对应安全约束条件下寻求最优调度方案。同时,计及旋转备用响应特性以及可控串联补偿器(TCSC)对电网运行风险的影响,将机组输出功率再调整允许范围和TCSC补偿范围增至约束集中。该模型综合考虑了负荷水平、实时调度运行方式、潮流分布和运行风险的相互影响,实现了电网运行风险和发电成本均衡协调的最优调度决策。采用禁忌遗传优化算法对所建优化模型进行求解。RBTS测试系统的计算分析验证了所提模型和算法的有效性。     

Optimal dynamic economic dispatch of generation: A review

This paper presents a review of the research of the optimal power dynamic dispatch problem. The dynamic dispatch problem differs from the static economic dispatch problem by incorporating generator ramp rate constraints. There are two different formulations of this problem in the literature. The first formulation is the optimal control dynamic dispatch (OCDD) where the power system generation has been modeled as a control system and optimization is done in the optimal control setting with respect to the ramp rates as input variables. The second one is a later formulation known as the dynamic economic dispatch (DED) where optimization is done with respect to the dispatchable powers of the committed generation units. In this paper we first outline the two formulations, then present an overview on the mathematical optimization methods, Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques and hybrid methods used to solve the problem incorporating extended and complex objective functions or constraints. The DED problem in deregulated electricity markets is also reported.     

可再生能源微网发电系统的可行性研究

利用美国新能源实验室（NREL）开发的HOMER软件,依据南京郊区风、光自然资源水平,提出新能源混合发电系统的可选方案,并进行了模拟计算和设计,比较了几种不同的混合系统的技术和经济可行性．给出了在满足给定负荷水平下以成本最优所确定混合系统的最优配置为风／蓄混合。对风速、太阳能辐射、柴油价格及其系统内某些组件的参数进行了敏感分析．适用于鉴定风能、太阳能资源水平相近地区的混合发电系统的技术选择。     

含抽水蓄能电站的可再生能源电网优化调度策略

由于可再生能源电网发电功率的不确定性十分突出,以功率平衡为首要任务的电网调度控制必须采取有针对性的应对措施。在电网储纳运行机制的基础上,建立含抽水蓄能电站的日前调度及实时调度的数学模型。将电网备用分为波动性备用(即调峰备用)和不确定性备用:平衡波动性功率的备用容量主要由常规电源承担,平衡预测误差的不确定性备用主要由抽水蓄能电站承担,2类电源分工互济实现电网功率平衡。提出一个风电上网功率稳定性评价指标,用于衡量不同调度策略补偿失衡功率的优劣。算例分析验证了所提调度策略是可行的。     

新能源分布式发电系统储能电池综述

风、光等新能源分布式发电受天气和气候的影响出现间隙性和随机性等使得发电的不稳定缺点正成为阻碍其深度发展的重要障碍。储能技术的发展和应用,打破了风电、光伏发电等的接入和消纳瓶颈问题。介绍了应用于储能系统的主要化学储能电池:铅酸电池、液流电池、钠硫电池和锂电池的技术发展、组成结构和储能原理,详细对比了各种电池的性能及特点,特别对能量密度、功率密度和功率等级进行介绍,这是储能系统电池元件选择的关键,最后对储能电池的应用和发展作了展望。     

含新能源电力系统机会约束经济调度的二阶锥规划方法

考虑到新能源发电的随机性、反调峰性和预测困难等问题,提出了一种适用含新能源接入的电力系统的机会约束经济调度(Chance Constrained Economic Dispatch,CCED)二阶锥规划方法。该方法首先将新能源发电出力预测结果与真实值的偏差作为随机变量,计及系统运行限制的概率约束条件,建立以发电成本期望值最小为目标的电力系统CCED模型。然后根据其约束条件的特点,构建CCED问题的二阶锥规划描述,将原概率约束优化问题转化为确定性的非线性优化问题,采用现代内点算法加以求解,其求解过程仅需进行一次非线性规划问题的求解。通过IEEE-30系统的计算结果,验证了所提模型与方法的有效性和可行性,同时也表明该方法在保持较高计算精度的同时,也具有较高的计算效率。     

考虑可再生能源电源功率不确定性的电源灵活性评价

灵活性是衡量电力系统应对不确定性能力的重要指标。针对可再生能源发电所带来的功率不确定性,以灵活性特点分析为基础,提出衡量系统电源灵活性的数学模型及灵活性综合评价体系：电源灵活性模型考虑了可再生能源出力的最大突变量,并将约束条件细分为传统约束和灵活性资源约束2个方面;灵活性综合评价体系中,依据控制手段和研究对象不同,建立灵活性评价表,反映电力系统运行时的灵活性状态、变化及趋势,固有灵活性指标可比较不同运行状态和不同电力系统之间的灵活性。算例分析验证了该评价体系的有效性。     

基于分布式可再生能源发电的能源互联网系统

以分布式可再生能源发电为基础,构建可以实现实时、高速、双向的电力数据读取和可再生能源接入的能源互联网系统.能源互联网系统由智能能量管理系统、分布式可再生能源、储能装置、变流装置和智能终端等组成.智能能量管理系统提供了一个可视化的操作平台,除了可以实现常规的能量管理,还可以实现可再生能源的"即插即用",并根据系统需要,自主实现孤岛运行和并网之间的切换;储能装置在改善电能质量、提高系统稳定性、电源备用和提高经济效益方面具有重大的作用,是能源互联网系统不可缺少的组成部分;电力电子变压器的应用使可再生能源发电达到电网接入要求.最后确定了控制策略、电力电子变流技术和储能技术3个能源互联网的未来主要研究方向.     

集成可再生能源发电的配电网无功优化模型

可再生能源规模化接入配电网已经成为共识。针对大量可再生电源以及电力电子器件所导致的配电网无功波动、网损增加以及电压波动等系列问题,提出了一种基于改进自适应粒子群算法的集成可再生能源的配电网无功优化方法。通过对风机以及光伏系统出力进行建模,获得其出力预测数据;建立含有电压越限罚函数的集成可再生能源的配电网无功优化模型;引入了电压稳定指标的概念,对配电网各个时段的电压状况进行评价;并通过改进的自适应粒子群优化算法进行模型求解;利用改进的IEEE-33节点系统进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明文中提出的模型能够有效地降低网损,减少电压波动,保证电网的稳定运行,可以为后续的无功优化提供参考与借鉴。     

Distributed generation of heat and electricity on the basis of renewable energy sources with using aluminum as an intermediate energy carrier

The possibility of localized generation of heat and electricity (also for transport applications) on the basis of different aluminum oxidation methods is considered. Use of renewable energy sources for reproducing aluminum allows a closed energy cycle to be obtained and make it more environmentally clean and safe. Preliminary assessments of this method for distributing electric energy in comparison with alternative schemes are carried out.     

高可再生能源渗透率下的区域多微网系统优化规划方法

高可再生能源渗透率下区域内多个微网之间存在相互支援的可能性,故将微网互联构成区域多微网系统,并通过优化配置区域多微网系统中各微网的分布式电源和储能,将有可能提升微网的经济性。为此,提出了一种高可再生能源渗透率下的区域多微网系统优化规划方法,以区域多微网系统年化综合收益最大化为目标,同时考虑了可再生能源渗透率的要求和各微网之间的相互功率支援,采用免疫遗传算法对各微网内的分布式电源和储能进行优化配置。以IEEE 33节点系统为例,得到了在多种高可再生能源渗透率下的区域多微网系统及各微网的年化综合收益;与未组成区域多微网系统的情形相比较,证实了组成区域多微网系统能提升微网经济性;与微网内只有单一类型的分布式电源情形相比较,证实了合理配置各类分布式电源能提升微网经济性。