Femtosecond soliton transmission characteristics in an ultralongerbium-doped fiber amplifier with different pumping configurations

The transmission characteristics of femtosecond optical solitons in an 18.2 km-long erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) have been investigated in detail by changing the pumping configuration. With backward pumping, a lossless transmission of 440 fs solitons at 1.55 μm has been realized with a pump power of 16 mW. The output pulsewidth is determined by the spectrum modified by the soliton self-frequency shift. In a bidirectional pumping configuration, 440-fs soliton pulses have been transmitted for a total pump power of 38 mW, where the output pulse width is determined by the original 1.55 μm spectrum. Although a femtosecond soliton is very weakly trapped in the EDFA-gain bandwidth of 1.55 μm and the soliton self-frequency shift inevitably occurs, the femtosecond pulse component still exists at 1.55 μm, and a pulse can be successfully transmitted with a gain of 11 dB and very little pulse broadening     

光纤孤子激光器及用其作源的光孤子传输实验

介绍了一个１．５５μｍ光纤孤子激光器及利用它作源的光孤子脉冲传输实验。其中采用了掺铒光纤放大器锁模技术．实测孤子激光器输出脉冲宽度为３０ｐｓ．谱宽为０．１６ｎｍ；经过５０ｋｍ色散位移光纤传输后，其脉宽与谱宽基本维持不变．     

10-Gbt/s soliton communication systems over standard fiber at 1.55μm and the use of dispersion compensation

The limits to soliton propagation at 10 Gbt/s in standard fiber systems at 1.55 μm are assessed. We show that propagation for up to 200 km is possible using 36-km amplifier spacings and 30-ps solitons. In order to extend this distance and increase the range of usable pulse widths, the use of dispersion compensating fiber, as part of each amplifier, is evaluated. In addition this scheme significantly reduces the average power requirements     

基于色散平坦光纤的二阶孤子压缩

将再生锁模光纤激光器(RMLFL)输出的约5.8 ps脉宽的高质量无啁啾双曲正割脉冲,通过掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)放大后注入4.28 km长的色散平坦光纤(DFF)中,利用二阶孤子压缩效应成功地将脉冲压缩到1.74 ps,压缩比为3.3,与理论计算结果完全一致。与基于色散渐减光纤(DDF)的绝热孤子压缩(ASC)方案相比,该方案在同样的孤子阶数下大大降低了入射功率,而且色散平坦光纤的非色散渐减特性决定了它对于不同波长、不同脉宽的输入都可以通过调整输入脉冲功率和选取合适的光纤长度来配合满足压缩条件。虽然压缩因子不大,但基本能满足需求。     

耗散孤子和束缚态脉冲可切换的超连续谱产生

当超短脉冲进入高非线性光纤时,在色散和非线性效应的共同作用下,脉冲频谱中会产生一些新的频率分量,使得输出频谱比输入频谱宽得多。这种光谱被称为超连续谱。超连续谱光源具有光谱范围宽、方向性好、亮度高、空间相干性好等优点。在锁模激光器中,传统孤子、耗散孤子和类噪声脉冲可以作为种子源产生超连续谱。文中,笔者建立了一个NPR被动锁模光纤激光器来产生脉冲激光。然后,添加一段DCF以补偿腔中的色散,从而产生耗散孤子。同时,通过调节腔内PC,可以实现束缚态和耗散孤子的状态切换。输出脉冲经10 m单模光纤压缩后注入部分拉锥后的高非线性光纤以产生超连续谱。实验中,我们得到了脉宽为5.6 ps、重复频率为32 MHz、信噪比为52 dB的耗散孤子锁模脉冲,压缩后的脉冲宽度为868 fs,用作超连续谱产生。超连续谱的覆盖范围约为1200~2200 nm,其20 dB谱宽为357 nm。通过调节偏振控制器,实现耗散孤子脉冲与束缚态脉冲之间的切换,束缚态脉冲持续时间为1.4 ps,脉冲间隔为14 ps,信噪比为51 dB,产生1600~1870 nm的超连续光谱,20 dB的光谱宽度为135 nm。     

Supermode stabilized coupled-cavity 5- and 10-GHz mode-lockedTi:Er:LiNbO3 waveguide lasers

By coupling the active laser cavity to a passive low-finesse Fabry-Perot resonator, supermode stabilization of mode-locked Ti:Er:LiNbO₃ waveguide lasers for 5- and 10-GHz pulse repetition rates with side mode suppression ratios of 60 and 55 dB has been achieved. The 10-GHz source emits pulses with a pulsewidth of 5.7 ps and a time-bandwidth product lower than 0.52 within an RF frequency tuning range of 3.2 MHz. The 5-GHz source has been used in a 2×5 Gbit/s soliton transmitter. In a back-to-back measurement, a Q-factor of 25.1 dB has been obtained. In soliton transmission experiments over 160 km on a step-index fiber, an extrapolated bit error rate of 6·10 ^-17 has been measured. The passive cavity can serve also as a pulse repetition rate multiplier. Pulse repetition rate multiplication from 2.5 to 10 GHz has been demonstrated     

Efficient optical amplifier using a low-concentration erbium-dopedfiber

A gain coefficient of 3.8 dB/mW was achieved for an erbium-doped fiber amplifier pumped by a 1.48 μm laser diode. The main reasons for the improvement are high NA (0.23) and low concentration (43 p.p.m.). Pump-to-signal energy conversion efficiency was 18% at 3 dB gain compression. A decrease in saturation power with increasing erbium concentration was also demonstrated. In high-concentration fiber, fluorescence at 0.98 μm due to cooperative upconversion was detected. These results indicate that several kilometers of distributed fiber amplifier with high gain and high output saturation power could be possible, because the absorption coefficient at 1.48 μm is still two orders higher than the background loss in the 43 p.p.m. fiber     

High-gain and high-efficiency diode laser pumped fiber amplifier at1.56 μm

Gain of an erbium-doped amplifier was optimized for operation at 1.56 μm, resulting in gains of up to 20 dB and slope efficiencies of 0.66 dB/mW. The amplifier is plug compatible with existing fiber networks. The gains of up to 20 dB were achieved using 1.48-1.49 μm laser diode pump sources with powers of 30 mW launched into the input of the system. The erbium-doped fiber used had an Er³⁺ concentration of roughly 30 p.p.m. in a GeO₂-Al₂O ₃SiO₂ host, and a core diameter of 7.0 μm     

光孤子源的研制

报道了利用增益开关分布反馈半导体激光器，Ｆ－Ｐ光学滤波器及掺饵光纤放大顺研制成光孤子源的研究工作。光孤子源性能稳定，输出的超短光脉冲重复频率为２．５ＧＨｚ脉宽２４，谱宽０．１４ｎｍ，时间带宽积０．４１９，平均输出光功率２．４ｍＷ。     

Polarisation-maintaining, harmonically modelocked soliton fibrelaser with repetition rate stabilisation using optical pumping ofsaturable Bragg reflector

Well-organised harmonic modelocking with up to 12 pulses in a 1.5 μm polarisation-maintaining erbium soliton fibre laser is achieved. With eight pulses in the cavity, repetition rate timing jitter is suppressed by 7.3 dB through optical pumping above the absorber bandgap. This stabilised laser operates at 463 MHz with nearly transform-limited, 660 fs, 1 pJ pulses     

基于电吸收调制晶体的超短光脉冲产生的数值模拟

数值模拟了基于电吸收调制晶体（ＥＡＭ）的超短光脉冲源的输出脉冲宽度及消光比与外加反向偏压、射频信号幅度之间的变化关系。数值模拟结果表明,在重复率为１０ＧＨｚ情况下,可以获得的最小脉宽约为１３ｐｓ,其消光比大于２０ｄＢ,脉冲波型接近ｓｅｃｈ＾２孤子波型。因此,基于ＥＡＭ的超短光脉冲源可以满足２０Ｇｂ／ｓ的光时分复用（ＯＴＤＭ）系统的需求,也适合于超长距离的光孤子通信系统。     

利用非线性偏振旋转锁模技术产生0.7nJ,1.5ps光脉冲

为了研究锁模光纤激光器以增益平坦型掺铒光纤放大器作为增益介质对输出特性的影响,采用增益平坦型掺铒光纤放大器结合光纤偏振控制器、偏振相关光隔离器组成锁模光纤激光器,基于非线性偏振旋转锁模技术,实现稳定、自起振锁模运转,得到了中心波长1560nm、重复频率6.495MHz、单脉冲能量0.7nJ、脉宽1.5ps的超短光脉冲。同时实验观察到峰值波长为1557nm和1570nm的双峰值波长锁模脉冲的产生。结果表明,采用增益平坦型掺铒光纤放大器替代普通掺铒光纤组成锁模光纤激光器,可获得较高单脉冲能量的超短光脉冲,锁模脉冲的输出光谱可能出现双峰结构,从而可为超短脉冲光纤激光器设计及实用化提供参考。     

Two-stage high-gain optical amplifier

A two-stage semiconductor optical amplifier is discussed. Net fiber-to-fiber gains as high as 36.5 dB have been achieved. When used in a fiber-optic transmission system, using a commercial 1.7 Gb/s regenerator, the fiber span between transmitter and regenerator is increased to 151 km and 1.3 μm wavelength. With a 1.55 μm two-stage amplifier, a transmission distance of 180 km at 3.4 Gb/s is demonstrated     

全光纤结构高增益脉冲光纤放大器的实验研究

为了探讨多级级联掺镱光纤放大器的脉冲放大特性,采用主振功率放大技术(MOPA),实验研究了3级级联、全光纤结构的高增益脉冲激光放大器。通过优化各放大级增益光纤的长度和抽运光功率的大小,在保证高放大增益的同时,抑制了掺镱光纤中自发辐射光的自生激光振荡,并对第2放大级进行了结构优化。在脉冲激光放大过程中实现了中心波长1064nm、脉冲宽度19ns、重复频率5kHz、峰值功率3.8kW、总放大增益达43.8dB的稳定激光输出。同时,制作完成了1台结构紧凑、全光纤结构的脉冲光纤放大器样机,对重复频率1Hz的低频脉冲信号进行了放大实验,也得到了43.2dB的输出信号增益。结果表明,本脉冲光纤放大器对低频脉冲信号有很好的放大效果。     

Generation of ultrashort pulses from a neodymium glass laser system

A neodymium glass laser system capable of generating high-energy, ultrashort pulses at a convenient repetition rate is described. The effect of nonlinear frequency pulling on active mode locking is discussed. By minimizing the nonlinear frequency pulling, it is possible to routinely generate stable ~10-ps pulses at a 100-MHz repetition rate from the actively mode-locked oscillator. The regenerator amplifier increases the oscillator pulse energy to over 30 μJ at a 370-Hz repetition rate. Using intracavity self-phase modulation, the regenerative amplifier also broadens the pulse bandwidth to ~35 Å. By subsequent pulse compression while maintaining high energy, it is possible to produce 0.55-ps pulses with >10 μJ. An optical fiber pulse compressor further shortens the pulses to 30 fs (30 nJ), the shortest pulses ever generated at 1.054 μm from a neodymium laser system     

Ultrastable harmonically and regeneratively modelockedpolarisation-maintaining erbium fibre ring laser

The authors report the operation of a harmonically and regeneratively modelocked erbium fibre ring laser at 1.55 μm for the first time. Harmonic regenerative modelocking was achieved by feeding back the harmonic longitudinal beat signal which was detected with a high speed photodetector and a high Q dielectric filter. The repetition rate was 10 GHz and the soliton effect shortened-the pulse width from 7.0 to 2.7 ps     

Maximum transmission capacity of a soliton communication system with lumped amplifiers

For a soliton transmission system which uses lumped optical amplifiers with a fixed amplifier spacing and a fixed bit rate, the optimum input pulse width and input amplitude are presented to maximise the soliton transmission distance. In a 10 Gbit/s soliton system with a repeater spacing of 40 approximately 50 km, a pulse width of 20 ps, and an amplitude of 1.4 approximately 1.8, the limitation owing to mutual soliton interaction is negligible compared with that resulting from the interaction between amplifier noise and the soliton pulse, and the soliton pulse can propagate up to the Gordon-Haus limit.<>     

掺铒光纤放大器中孤子脉冲获得线性啁啾的研究

为了研究孤子脉冲经掺铒光纤放大器演变后的啁啾特性,采用了对称分步傅立叶的数值方法,对孤子脉冲在不同增益条件下的演变和线性啁啾特性进行了数值仿真。数值计算的结果表明：当满足增益系数μ远大于1时,基孤子脉冲在放大器中传输能够获得很好的线性啁啾,且发现脉冲的啁啾特性受选取的放大器长度参量的影响;啁啾越明显的脉冲,线性啁啾所占的区域越窄。进一步研究还发现初始啁啾系数和孤子阶数对脉冲获得的线性啁啾均有很大影响,初始正啁啾系数和高孤子阶数均能增强输出脉冲的线性啁啾特性。因此,利用孤子脉冲在掺铒光纤放大器中传输的非线性效应能够获得良好的线性啁啾,这对实现高质量的脉冲压缩是很有帮助的。     

Compensation of Raman-induced crosstalk using a lumpedgermanosilicate fiber Raman amplifier in the 1.571-1.591-μm region

A new method to equalize power imbalance caused by Raman-induced crosstalk among optical channels is proposed using a lumped germanosilicate fiber Raman amplifier. Evolution of optical channels through the Raman amplifier was simulated using Raman frequency modeling, which theoretically predicted simultaneous amplification and power equalization. Experimentally, a gain band with negative slope in the range of 1.571-1.591 μm was achieved in a lumped Raman amplifier pumped by a broad-band laser diode centered at 1.467 μm. We demonstrated compensation of the Raman-induced crosstalk of 5 dB accumulated along 330 km of conventional single-mode fiber     

Generation of fundamental soliton trains for high-bit-rate opticalfiber communication lines

The authors present a method for the generation of high-quality soliton trains at a high repetition rate of gigahertz to terahertz range. During nonlinear propagation of a continuous-wave (CW) dual-frequency signal through a fiber with effective amplification, a train of practically noninteracting fundamental solitons is formed. It is shown that the effective amplification can be achieved as in usual fibers with an actual amplification as well as in fibers with nonuniform parameters along the fiber axis. The method is demonstrated experimentally. Dual-frequency 25 ps pulses at λ=1.55 μm are reshaped into 0.2 THz combs of 0.49 ps solitons in fiber with slowly decreasing dispersion. It is also shown that stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) can prevent a CW soliton train transmission through optical fibers, and suggests a method for suppression of SBS