电镀节水与电镀废水线内循环利用技术

研究处理电镀废水,使之达标回用并回收废水中的金属镍,对节能降耗和环境保护具有重要意义。将自行研发的电镀节水与电镀废水线内循环利用一体化设备应用于某电镀厂镀镍生产线,处理含镍漂洗水并回收利用水和重金属镍。结果表明,该设备能够自动稳定运行;净化系统出水电导率为3.3～12.3μS/cm,镍浓度低于5 mg/L,满足漂洗水质量要求;电镀清洗水用量减少92.5%;浓缩系统使镍含量达到15 g/L以上,可直接回用于镀槽。     

电镀废水减量的清洁生产对策

废水减量是电镀行业清洁生产审核的重点.根据电镀行业技术管理水平现状,系统分析了电镀废水的削减潜力,并提出了相应的清洁生产对策.     

《防腐包装》1982年总目录

电镀技术低温低浓度光亮镀镍焦磷酸盐槽液镀铜镍合金电镀层的耐蚀性能超硬镀层的特性治废水变废为宝日本横河厂的公害治理电镀溶液的自动补偿和回收防止铁铸件镀锌层泛白装饰镍铁合金镀层低浓度碱性滚镀锡H202一HZSO;酸洗铜及铜 合金装饰镍铁合金镀层(2)低浓度镍液镀光亮镍蒸汽压力下磷化双槽设备橡惋拷胶一偏钒酸钠钝化 镀锌件镀锡时氢的共沉积葡萄糖提高镀铬液含铬量减少点状锈蚀彩色电镀金属着色国外防护装饰铬组合镀层 的发展防护装饰性电镀概况微裂纹镀铬咪吐磺基水杨酸镀银无钱氯化钠光亮镀锌工艺铜镍镀层退除新法(编排格式:题目、…     

波美比重计在电镀硬铬故障排除中的应用

某乡镇企业有一电镀硬铬槽,装槽液约５５０Ｌ,溶液成分及工艺规范如下：铬酐２５０～３００ｇ／Ｌ硫酸２．２～３．４ｇ／Ｌ电流密度２５～３５Ａ／ｄｍ２温度５０～５５℃电镀工艺流程：工件化学除油→冷水清洗→酸洗→冷水清洗→碱中和→冷水清洗→下槽→反向电流冲击→正常电镀硬铬→出槽→回收→冷水清洗→浸热水→甩干→除氢。正常使用一段时间后,镀铬层出现了灰黑、孔眼等故障,向槽液中添加硫酸或铬酐或同时添加两种,故障依然存在。对此,正确的做法应是先检查电源是否有问题,若无问题,可用波美比重计测一下溶液的比重,因为根…     

浅议电镀废水零排放技术的集成与应用

电镀行业所产生的废水除了含有铬、镍、铜、镉等重金属,还含有氰化物、磷酸盐等污染物,污染性强。因此,解决电镀废水的污染问题成为该行业发展的关键所在。通过某机械工具厂的实际案例,分析和讨论了电镀废水零排放的技术集成及应用情况。通过将电镀废水进行分质分流并单独进行化学法预处理至达到排放要求,再通过一段RO、二段RO、DTRO等三段浓缩,最后的浓缩液再经过蒸发器蒸发结晶,RO的产水回用于生产线,从而实现废水完全回用不外排,同时运行成本也在可接受范围内,得出电镀废水零排放是可行并可进行推广的结论。     

一种节水降污的镀件清洗方法

1　前　言选用既节约水又降低水污染的镀件清洗方法 ,是电镀工作者一贯追求的目标。节水重要 ,防止水源污染更重要。优选的镀件清洗方法 ,是在保证镀件清洗质量前提下 ,尽可能用水少 ,排出废水含镀液浓度低。2　改进前的清洗方法有一镀铬液 ,铬酐含量为 330ｇ/Ｌ ,镀液工作温度为 4 5± 2℃ ,三班制连续电镀生产 ,镀液每工作 2 4ｈ ,蒸发消耗体积是 86Ｌ ,清洗槽共 6个 ,每个体积为 1ｍ3,镀件每隔 7ｍｉｎ出槽一次 ,每次带出镀液体积为 92 .8ｍｌ。这种高浓度、高清洗频率的电镀生产 ,Ｃｒ6+ 的污染是严重的 ,常规最好的镀件清洗方法是 3槽…     

高填平性双层光亮镀镍工艺

一、前言现代装饰性电镀镍-铬或铜-镍-铬,一般都采用光亮性电镀工艺,以提高劳动生产率和节约金属材料.但光亮镍镀层中含有0.03%以上的硫,通常含0.05%以上的硫,镀层的抗蚀性和延展性都不如抛光的普通镀镍层.在无产阶级文化大革命以前,我市部分电镀厂和电镀车间已经成功地采用普通镀镍 光亮镀镍工艺.这样在二层镍之间,存在一个电位差,当铬层的裂纹或空隙处的光亮镍受到腐蚀,达到二层镍的界面时,二层镍之间形成第二个原电池(铬与光亮镍形成一个原电池),普通镍作为阴极受到保护,光亮镍先被腐蚀,腐蚀的方向纵向改为横向进行,从而保护基体金属. 但是,普通镀镍缺乏填平性,这样的双层镀镍仍需抛光,方可镀铬.     

电镀废水综合治理应用实例

１ 前 言 我公司承接某港资五金制品电镀厂的废水处理工程,该厂从事五金制品电镀,品种多,镀种复杂。其中中低氰镀锌槽液６０００Ｌ,采用环形自动线喷淋,逆流漂洗,镀锌后低铬钝化。另有镀铜、镍、铬、仿金、珍珠镍等生产线,各有１０００～３０００Ｌ槽液。含氰废水排放量 ３．５ｍ３／ｈ;含铬废水排放量 ３．５ ｍ３／ｈ;含镍废水排放量１．５～２．０ｍ３／ｈ;酸碱废水及其他废水排放量４．０～４．５ ｍ３／ｈ;连续作业,每天２４ｈ运转,累计日排总废水量约 ２５０ｍ３。 现场监测分析水质情况如下：ｐＨ＝２～１３,总铬 ５～…     

不同类型电镀清洗工艺的节水效果比较

比较了几种不同类型电镀清洗工艺的节水效果,结果表明,在镀液带出量相同及最终清洗槽浓度大致相同的情况下,多级直流清洗比单级直流清洗节水,而多级逆流清洗又优于多级并列直流清洗.间歇逆流清洗用水量比连续逆流清洗用水量少,从节水和回收的角度来说,间歇逆流喷淋清洗是保证清洗效果、减少水量的有效方法.提出了在实际生产中,实现电镀逆流清洗闭路循环必须满足系统中的水量平衡、镀液中溶质的平衡、降低镀液带出量、提高末槽控制浓度及严格管理和维护等条件.     

清洁型电镀车间的设计和生产应用

电镀要做到清洁生产,必须从源头抓起.在电镀车间改造设计时来实施清洁生产技术是有效的途径,可实现改善生产环境、节能降耗、降低水污染.生产应用中收到明显经济、环境和社会效益.     

环保型镁合金化学镀镍工艺研究

研究了镁合金的环保型化学镀镍工艺,对前处理工艺进行了简化,对镀液的稳定性、循环使用后的节约成本核算以及废液的回收处理等进行了研究和探讨.结果表明,使用一步前处理工艺能简化镁合金前处理工艺,提高镀镍层的结合强度和质量,且处理液中不含Cr6 、HF等对环境和人体有害的物质;化学镀液的循环使用可以大幅度节约生产成本,减少废液排放,提高资源的利用率.     

工业废水中铬含量的电化学法检测

目的:研究微机控制—薄层流动计时库仑分析法在电镀工业废水中铬含量测定中的应用。方法:建立微机控制—流动计时库仑分析法,对水中Cr(VI)含量进行测定。结果:线性范围为3～24mg/L,相对标准偏差小于0.1％,回收率为98.0％～103.0％。结论:流动计时库仑分析法克服了电容电流及电极表面性质改变等噪声干扰,具有快速灵敏、准确、再现性好的优点。对水中Cr(VI)的测定,获得了满意结果。     

三价铬硫酸盐体系快速电沉积可行性探讨

三价铬镀铬是替代六价铬镀铬理想的清洁生产工艺.研究了电流密度、电镀时间和不同基体金属对三价铬硫酸盐镀液中快速镀铬的影响.结果表明:采用三价铬硫酸盐镀液在铜、镍和低碳铜基体上进行快速镀铬都可得到表面连续致密、结构为非晶态的铬镀层,镀速在铜基体上比在镍和低碳钢基体上快很多;电流密度10 A/dm2下电镀10 s,铜基体上可得到0.40μm以上的铬镀层,平均镀速可达2.50μm/min;镍和低碳钢基体上只能得到0.10μm的铬镀层,平均镀速为0.50 μm/min;快速镀铬的电流效率与电流密度有关,电流密度为10～12 A/dm2时可达25.0%以上;三价铬硫酸盐镀液长时间连续快速镀铬时镀液体积明显减少、pH值降低.     

膜集成技术处理鄂尔多斯羊绒集团生产废水中试研究

介绍采用膜集成技术处理鄂尔多斯羊绒集团公司洗毛、印染、漂洗和离子交换床再生等工业废水 .该系统采用水膜除尘技术用废水冲洗发电厂烟道气 ,吸收烟道气中的酸性气体 ;在水力除灰过程中 ,由于烟道灰的吸附而使废水脱脂、脱色 ;经沉降除渣 ;曝气氧化除硫离子 ;超滤除菌除浊 ;反渗透脱盐等过程使热电厂烟道气达标排放 ,工业废水得到深度处理 ,变成软水供热电厂和生产车间回用 .该系统日处理生产废水 1 5 0 0m3 ,水收率 70 % .日回收烟道灰 60m3 ,用于生产空心砖     

Breakthrough Technologies for the Biorefining of Organic Solid and Liquid Wastes

Organic solid and liquid wastes contain large amounts of energy, nutrients, and water, and should not be perceived as merely waste. Recycling, composting, and combustion of non-recyclables have been practiced for decades to capture the energy and values from municipal solid wastes. Treatment and disposal have been the primary management strategy for wastewater. As new technologies are emerging, alternative options for the utilization of both solid wastes and wastewater have become available. Considering the complexity of the chemical, physical, and biological properties of these wastes, multiple technologies may be required to maximize the energy and value recovery from the wastes. For this purpose, biorefining tends to be an appropriate approach to completely utilize the energy and value available in wastes. Research has demonstrated that non-recyclable waste materials and bio-solids can be converted into usable heat, electricity, fuel, and chemicals through a variety of processes, and the liquid waste streams have the potential to support crop and algae growth and provide other energy recovery and food production options. In this paper, we propose new biorefining schemes aimed at organic solid and liquid wastes from municipal sources, food and biological processing plants, and animal production facilities. Four new breakthrough technologies—namely, vacuum-assisted thermophilic anaerobic digestion, extended aquaponics, oily wastes to biodiesel via glycerolysis, and microwave-assisted thermochemical conversion—can be incorporated into the biorefining schemes, thereby enabling the complete utilization of those wastes for the production of chemicals, fertilizer, energy (biogas, syngas, biodiesel, and bio-oil), foods, and feeds, and resulting in clean water and a significant reduction in pollutant emissions.     

Galvanic sludge metals recovery by pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical treatment

This paper reports a study, on laboratory scale, of sulphating roasting to perform a treatment for a selective recovery of valuable metals from galvanic sludge. The target metals were copper, zinc and nickel and the sulphating agent used was pyrite, from coal wastes. The particularity of this treatment is the use of two hazardous wastes as raw material. They are generated in large quantities at coal extraction sites (coal wastes) and at plating shops (galvanic sludge). The wastes were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), particle size distribution and water contents. The chemical characterization showed sludges with high copper concentration, with more than 14% (dry base). In the roasting step, the galvanic sludge was mixed with pyritic waste and the parameters evaluated were galvanic sludge/pyrite ratio, roasting temperature and roasting time. After roasting, the product of reaction was leached with water in room temperature for 15 min. Considering that other studies have already demonstrated that the pyrometallurgical step determines the process efficiency, this paper only reports the influence of pyrometallurgical parameters. Hydrometallurgical processes will be better evaluated in further studies. The conditions that best reflect a compromise between the valuable metal recover and the economical viability of the process were achieved for 1:0.4 galvanic sludge/pyrite ratio, 90 min of roasting time and 550 degrees C of roasting temperature. These conditions lead to a recovery of 60% zinc, 43% nickel and 50% copper.     

用火焰原子吸收法测定三价铬电镀液中的铜、铁、镍、锌、铅

三价铬电镀液对铜、铁、镍、锌、铅等金属杂质的容忍范围较窄,快速、准确地分析这些金属杂质的含量很有必要.以硝酸加热煮沸消解镀液,利用火焰原子吸收法直接测定了稀释液中铜、铁、镍、锌、铅金属的含量.结果表明,本法测定灵敏度高,加标回收率在95%～105%之间,相对标准偏差低于2%,符合实际生产的检测要求.     

磁性聚合物粉的制备及在磁流变液中的应用初探

采用化学镀的方法制备磁性聚合物粉,初步考察其在磁流变液中的应用。研究了在聚合物粉表面进行化学镀镍、钴的工艺条件,并对其物理性能和化学结构进行了表征。将磁性聚合物粉分散于硅油中制成磁流变液,结果发现不需加防沉剂,该磁流变液就具有较高的稳定性,其它磁流变性能也得到改善,有望解决磁流变液普遍存在的沉降问题。     

镁及镁合金表面化学镀Ni-P合金新工艺

通过多次试验确定了镁及镁合金的前处理方案，以磷酸洗的方法代替传统的铬酐加三氯化铁酸洗侵蚀的前处理工艺，配置简单，操作方便，以浸锌层、氰化铜层和中性镍层作为化学镀中间层，得到了结合力良好的化学镀镍层，获得了镁合金表面处理的新突破。     

Studies on adsorptive removal of Co(II), Cr(III) and Ni(II) by IRN77 cation-exchange resin

The adsorption of cobalt, chromium and nickel from aqueous solutions on IRN77 cation-exchange resin has been studied comparatively. The percentage removal of cobalt, chromium and nickel was examined by varying experimental conditions, viz. dosage of adsorbent, pH of the solution and contact time. It was found that more than 95% removal was achieved under optimal conditions. The adsorption capacity (k) for cobalt, chromium and nickel were calculated from the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The adsorption of cobalt, chromium and nickel on this cation-exchange resin followed the Lagergren kinetic model. Also the competitive adsorption of multi-metals onto the IRN77 resin was studied. The studies showed that this cation-exchange resin can be used as an efficient adsorbent material for the removal of cobalt, chromium and nickel from water and nuclear power plant coolant water.