丙酮合成甲基异丁基酮催化剂Cu-MgO-Al_2O_3的研究

采用共沉淀法制备丙酮气相常压一步法加氢制MIBK催化剂Cu-MgO-A12O3。研究组分配比及反应条件对转化率和选择性的影响,经筛选得到催化剂体系的最佳组成为:w(Cu)=6%,w(MgO)=24%,w(Al2O3)=70%,适宜的反应条件为:温度240℃,n(H2)∶n(丙酮)为2.5,进料速率为4.8mL/(h·g),在该条件下丙酮转化率达71.7%,MIBK选择性达51.0%。     

丙酮合成甲基异丁基酮催化剂Cu-MgO-Al2O3的研究

采用共沉淀法制备丙酮气相常压一步法加氢制MIBK催化剂Cu-MgO-Al2O3.研究组分配比及反应条件对转化率和选择性的影响,经筛选得到催化剂体系的最佳组成为w(Cu)=6%,w(MgO)=24%,w(Al2O3)=70%,适宜的反应条件为温度240℃,n(H2)n(丙酮)为2.5,进料速率为4.8 mL/(h·g),在该条件下丙酮转化率达71.7%,MIBK选择性达51.0%.     

改性铝碳酸镁催化制备亚茴香基丙酮的研究

采用共沉淀法制备改性铝碳酸镁,通过BET、XRD、FT-IR和SEM对催化剂进行表征。研究了n(Na OH)∶n(Na_2CO_3)及超声波处理等对改性铝碳酸镁催化活性的影响。结果表明,n(Mg)∶n(Al)=3∶1,n(Na OH)∶n(Na_2CO_3)=1∶1,超声波辅助共沉淀,焙烧制得的改性铝碳酸镁对大茴香醛与丙酮的缩合反应具有较好的催化活性与选择性;对改性铝碳酸镁催化下大茴香醛与丙酮经缩合反应合成亚茴香基丙酮的工艺进行研究,得到最佳的工艺条件为:催化剂质量分数为6%,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为10 h,n(丙酮)∶n(大茴香醛)=9∶1,在此条件下,大茴香醛转化率为99.69%,亚茴香基丙酮收率为97.50%。     

CuNi/Al2O3催化剂上乙炔选择加氢的研究

采用浸渍法制备了CuNi/Al2O3催化剂,研究了Ni负载量、Cu负载量及n(Cu)/n(Ni)对催化剂上乙炔选择加氢活性和选择性的影响,以及催化剂的还原性能。结果表明:CuNi/Al2O3催化剂中Cu提高了Ni的还原性,使催化剂具有很高的活性及乙烯选择性。随Cu/Ni原子比的提高,催化剂的活性下降,选择性升高,当Ni的负载量为10%、n(Cu)/n(Ni)=0.5时,在反应温度为50℃、反应压力为0.2 MPa、原料气流量为45 mL/min及H2流量为1.5 mL/min的反应条件下,乙炔的转化率达88.98%,乙烯的选择性达74.01%,乙烯收率为65.86%。     

乙醇催化脱氢合成乙醛的工艺研究

采用共沉淀法制备系列CuZnAl催化剂,在固定床反应器考查了催化剂对乙醇脱氢制备乙醛并副产氢气的催化性能。研究了CuZnAl组分比例对催化剂活性的影响,并对工艺条件进行优化。结果表明:Cu∶Zn∶Al=4∶4∶2时,乙醇脱氢反应催化活性达到最高;在温度为280℃,压力为1MPa,床层空速为0.8h-1,n(乙醇)∶n(水)=2,乙醇转化率达53.6%,乙醛选择性达92.2%,副产氢气纯度高达97.5%。200h连续实验,CuZnAl催化剂催化乙醇脱氢反应转化率稳定在50%以上。     

生物质甘油催化转化为羟基丙酮

探索了生物质甘油在铜铬催化剂作用下催化转化为羟基丙酮的反应条件,采用乙醇为溶剂,考察了甘油浓度、催化剂用量和反应温度等因素的影响。较优反应条件:反应温度240℃,采用连续滴样的进样方式,甘油浓度80%,未还原的铜铬催化剂[n(Cu)∶n(Cr)=1]用量为原料质量的2.5%,甘油转化率和羟基丙酮选择性分别达到95.4%和89.9%。     

Fe-Al复合催化合成对氯苯胺

研究了Fe Al复合催化剂的制备及其催化水合肼选择性还原硝基制备邻氯苯胺的条件,考察8种离子对催化剂活性的影响。优惠工艺条件:反应温度为70℃,水合肼用量为n(对氯硝基苯)∶n(水合肼)=1.0∶2.0,对氯苯胺的收率为84.6%。Pb2+能使催化剂中毒,Cu+、Mg2+和Ba2+三种金属离子钝化了催化剂的催化活性,Na+、Ni2+、Cu2+和SO42-四种离子对催化剂的催化活性没有影响。     

载体对Li-Mn氧化物催化甲烷氧化偶联反应作用

采用浸渍法制备不同金属氧化物载体负载的Li-Mn/MO_x(M=Mg,La,Ti,Si,Zr,Ta)催化剂,对其甲烷氧化偶联反应活性进行评价。结果表明,以TiO_2为载体制备的Li-Mn/TiO_2催化剂具有较高的CH_4转化率和C2烃选择性,C_2烃产率显著提高,金属氧化物TiO_2是Li-Mn复合氧化物的优良催化剂载体。n(Li)∶n(Mn)=1.0∶2.0形成的Li-Mn/TiO_2催化剂具有最高的CH_4转化率和C_2烃选择性,n(C_2H_4)∶n(C_2H_6)的增加有助于提高反应产物中C_2H_4的相对浓度,W元素的添加未能进一步提高Li-Mn/TiO_2催化剂的催化活性。Li-Mn/TiO_2催化剂在n(Li)∶n(Mn)=1.0∶2.0、反应温度775℃、反应压力0.1 MPa、V(CH_4)∶V(O_2)=2.5、空速7 200 m L·(h·g)~(-1)和催化剂用量0.5 g条件下,CH_4转化率达31.9%,C_2选择性达52.7%,表现出最佳催化效果。     

Mn含量对Cu-Mn-Al催化丙二醇单甲醚脱氢的影响

以硝酸铜、硝酸锰、硝酸铝和碳酸钠为原料,通过共沉淀法制备了不同Mn含量的Cu-Mn-Al催化剂。采用BET,XRD,SEM,TEM,H2-TPR和NH3-TPD等对催化剂进行了表征,在固定床反应器上考察了催化剂对丙二醇单甲醚直接脱氢制备甲氧基丙酮反应活性的影响。结果表明:Mn含量对Cu-Mn-Al催化剂理化性质有较大影响。适量添加Mn能够促进Cu的分散,改变催化剂还原性能,降低催化剂表面酸性。当n(Cu):n(Mn):n(Al)=2.0:3.5:1.0时,Cu-Mn-Al催化剂表面酸量低,具有较低还原温度。在反应温度260℃、常压、进料组成为含5%(质量分数)水的丙二醇单甲醚溶液、液时空速为2.5h-1的条件下,该催化剂上丙二醇单甲醚转化率可达61.57%,甲氧基丙酮选择性可达96.83%,且副产物丙酮选择性低,为1.20%。     

超细Cu/Ni催化糠醛加氢合成2-甲基四氢呋喃

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了超细Cu/Ni混合催化剂,并用于糠醛液相加氢制2-甲基四氢呋喃(2-MeTHF)反应。考察了Cu/Ni摩尔比、Na2CO3溶液浓度等对催化剂制备的影响,及反应压力、反应温度、反应时间等对糠醛转化率和2-MeTHF选择性的影响。结果表明,适宜催化剂制备条件为n(Cu)∶n(Ni)=1∶1,Na2CO3溶液浓度为1.0mol/L;适宜的反应条件为反应压力8 MPa,反应时间3.5 h,反应温度180℃;产品经气相色谱检测分析,糠醛的转化率为100%,2-MeTHF的选择性为64.52%。     

Removal of lubricants from effluents from Capron production

Conclusions 1. The composition of water obtained after removing lubricant by the aluminate method and further softening scarcely differs at all from that of softened water and can be re-used in industry.2. The flowsheet described enables a closed purification cycle to be built and finishing waste waters to be used; it enables the water consumption for fibre washing to be reduced, the discharge of toxic caprolactam to reservoirs to be discontinued and caprolactam to be recycled.Kiev Combine. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 76–78, July–August, 1969.     

Direct synthesis of LPG from syngas derived from air-POM

Direct synthesis of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) from a low-cost syngas derived from partial oxidation of methane with air (air-POM) was investigated over a hybrid catalyst consisting of methanol synthesis catalyst and Pd-modified Y-zeolite. The hybrid catalyst demonstrated a high activity and more than 73% selectivity for LPG fraction. BET, NH₃-TPD and TPO-MS were carried out to study the properties of Pd-Y before and after reaction. The results indicated that coke deposition on Pd-Y was the main contribution to the slow deactivation of hybrid catalyst.     

Zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite produced from calcium precursor derived from eggshells

The availability of natural calcium derived from biowaste materials is an inexpensive alternative to commercial calcium reagents used to produce calcium phosphate bioceramics. This approach is more ecofriendly, cost effective and sustainable owing to its abundant availability. In this study, zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite (ZnHA-Es) was synthesised using calcium precursor derived from eggshells through precipitation method. Zn concentration was varied from 1 mol% to 5 mol% during the synthesis, and the derived powders were calcined at 700 °C in air atmosphere. XRD analysis revealed that ZnHA-Es powders were highly crystalline and comprised biphasic mixtures of HA as the major phase and β-tricalcium phosphate as the minor phase. FTIR examination indicated that all ZnHA-Es samples had a similar structure to pure HA as evidenced by the presence of frequency bands corresponding to phosphate, carbonate and hydroxyl functional groups. The disappearance of vibrational bands of carbonate groups became more apparent with increased Zn concentration. Microstructure analysis revealed that the derived nanostructured particles were spherical (approximately 40–100 nm in diameter) regardless of Zn substitution.     

从苯塔残液中提取联苯的研究

利用精馏和溶剂重结晶相结合的方法，从苯加氢装置的苯塔残液中提取联苯，精馏后可获得95％以上的联苯窄馏分，进一步重结晶后可获得99．5％以上联苯。