爆炸荷载下缺陷介质裂纹扩展规律数值分析研究

利用爆炸加载数字激光动态焦散线试验系统,同时借助ABAQUS有限元分析中内聚力模型数值计算方法,研究了爆炸应力波作用下缺陷介质裂纹扩展规律,并将试验结果与数值计算结果进行了对比。研究表明:在爆炸应力波作用下预制缺陷两端产生了两条翼裂纹A、B,扩展长度基本相同,方向垂直于预制缺陷。两条翼裂纹的扩展基本是对称的,只是在尾端发生轻微翘曲;翼裂纹扩展速度先增大至峰值又振荡减小,之后又增大至第二个较小的峰值,然后又减小,这种变化趋势和裂纹尖端应力强度因子KⅠ保持一致;扩展角β为85°时,计算结果较为接近试验,内聚力模型为动态裂纹扩展的研究提供了一种有效的方法。     

Ultrasonic Measurement of the Crack Depth and the Crack Opening Stress Intensity Factor Under a No Load Condition

This paper describes a new methodology for evaluating the crack depth and the crack opening stress intensity factor of small closed cracks using an ultrasonic technique. Surface connected back-wall cracks of depth ranging from 0.4 to 4.0 mm in steel specimens are considered. The crack corner echo amplitude of an ultrasonic shear wave, SW, beam of 50° incidence in material is used. First, the ultrasonic echo response of an open crack is determined as a function of crack depth. Next, based on changing the crack closure stress, an empirical relation between the crack closure stress and the crack-echo response is formulated. The crack depth and the crack closure stress of an unknown closed crack based on these relations are determined by inverse analysis of the ultrasonic response of the crack. From the evaluated crack depth and crack closure stress, the crack opening stress intensity factor is determined. The accuracy and reliability of this new nondestructive evaluation (NDE) method is verified by comparing the evaluated crack depth with the actual one. The latter is measured on the fractured surface obtained after carrying out ultrasonic testing. The ultrasonic method developed is proved to be a powerful tool for quantitative and nondestructive evaluation of the crack depth as well as the crack closure stress.     

Fracture Mechanics Parameters of Crack Surface Zones Under Volumetric Strains

This report presents the fracture mechanics parameters that enable a theoretical treatment of strained crack surface zones. Green's functions are given for the computation of mode-I and mode-II stress intensity factors as well as T-stresses. Application is shown for strained zones of constant thickness and square-root shaped profile.     

Simulation of Crack Propagation in Functionally Graded Materials Under Mixed-Mode and Non-Proportional Loading

Automatic simulation of crack propagation in homogeneous and functionally graded materials is performed by means of a remeshing algorithm in conjunction with the finite element method. The crack propagation is performed under mixed-mode and non-proportional loading. Each step of crack growth simulation consists of calculation of mixed-mode stress intensity factors by means of a novel formulation of the interaction integral method, determination of crack growth direction based on a specific fracture criterion, and local automatic remeshing along the crack path. The present approach requires a user-defined crack increment at the beginning of the simulation. Crack trajectories obtained by the present numerical simulation are compared with available experimental results.     

Rim Thickness Effects on Gear Crack Propagation Life

Analytical and experimental studies were performed to investigate the effect of gear rim thickness on crack propagation life. The FRANC (FRacture ANalysis Code) computer program was used to simulate crack propagation. The FRANC program used principles of linear elastic fracture mechanics, finite element modeling, and a unique re-meshing scheme to determine crack tip stress distributions, estimate stress intensity factors, and model crack propagation. Various fatigue crack growth models were used to estimate crack propagation life based on the calculated stress intensity factors. Experimental tests were performed in a gear fatigue rig to validate predicted crack propagation results. Test gears were installed with special crack propagation gages in the tooth fillet region to measure bending fatigue crack growth. Good correlation between predicted and measured crack growth was achieved when the fatigue crack closure concept was introduced into the analysis. As the gear rim thickness decreased, the compressive cyclic stress in the gear tooth fillet region increased. The retarded crack growth and increased the number of crack propagation cycles to failure. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

岩石爆破裂纹的起裂,扩展,分岔与止裂

为研究断裂控制爆破,有效地控制裂纹的发生位置,传播方向,开裂长度,本文总结和探讨爆破岩石纹起裂,扩展,分岔和止裂的规律,并用裂力学研究其作用机制。     

地下工程改扩建中施工爆破对衬砌危害的三维数值模拟研究

应用LS—DYNA3D软件对某地下工程改扩建中施工爆破作业进行了三维数值模拟，分析了围岩与衬砌中爆炸应力波的传播特征，指出了原有洞室混凝土衬砌的破坏主要为施工爆破诱发的反射拉伸波使衬砌拉应力超过混凝土抗拉强度所导致拉裂破坏，且破损现象主要发生在洞室的侧墙部位，为控制衬砌破损的进一步发展，建议采用台阶法开挖，计算表明台阶法开挖能明显改善衬砌拉应力水平和质点振速。     

Experimental Study of Crack Growth in a Bimetal Under Fatigue and Fatigue-Creep Conditions

Fatigue and fatigue-creep crack growth rate in a bimetal of continuous caster rolls for different loading frequencies and waveforms is investigated with the use of stress, deformation and energy criteria of fracture mechanics.     

扩展有限元法在裂纹扩展问题中的应用

扩展有限元法(Extended finite element method,XFEM)是近几年发展起来的数值方法,属于传统有限元法的扩展,具有区别于传统有限元法的优点,在求解不连续断裂问题上具有更高的精度及效率。本文针对影响裂纹扩展的主要因素进行探讨,继而介绍扩展有限元的基本原理,并对其在裂纹扩展中的应用进行综述,同时对该方法的下一步研究进行了展望。     

废旧橡胶颗粒对混凝土强度的影响及界面分析

以旧轮胎橡胶颗粒等体积取代混凝土中的砂子,取代量分别为砂子体积的5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、40%、50%、60%、80%、100%.研究了混凝土抗压强度随取代量的增加的变化规律.用显微硬度方法测试了橡胶颗粒与水泥基体界面过渡区的结构,并与石子水泥界面过渡区的结构进行了比较.发现随橡胶颗粒取代砂子量的增加,混凝土的抗压强度降低,体积取代量小于25%时,抗压强度降低较快;而取代量在25%～50%之间时,强度降低较为缓慢;取代量大于50%时,抗压强度又较快降低.显微硬度测试表明石子与水泥基体界面过渡区范围在85μm左右,而橡胶水泥基体界面过渡区范围在130μm左右,而且在橡胶颗粒周围45μm左右范围无法测得显微硬度,扫描电镜分析证明,橡胶颗粒与水泥基体间存在孔隙.     

外壁部分圆周裂纹管道局部柔度系数研究

基于Zheng等求直裂纹管道局部柔度系数的变换积分区域法的思想,将外壁部分圆周裂纹截面区域离散成为一序列独立的矩形积分条带,各个条带裂纹区域近似按照平面裂纹梁理论计算其附加应变能,继而建立外壁部分圆周裂纹管道局部柔度计算表达式。再利用已有的试验数据验证外壁部分圆周裂纹管局部柔度系数表达式。     

三向应力状态下混凝土强度和变形特性研究

对设计强度为１０MPa的混凝土立方体试件进行三轴压缩试验,系统研究了等围压条件下混凝土的强 度和变形特性,围压分别为０,４,８,１２,１６MPa５个量级;同时研究了不等围压条件下混凝土强度变化特性, 试验表明,随着围压增加,混凝土的极限抗压强度有明显增强的趋势;随着小主应力的增加,中主应力的影响 有减弱的趋势;峰值应力处应变随围压增加幅度显著。得出了在不同恒定围压下混凝土的应力应变全过程曲线; 通过与当前文献资料的对比分析,指出了在混凝土结构计算中适用的强度及变形表达式,为工程实践提供了 依据。     

电沉积处理后带裂缝混凝土的抗碳化性能研究

选用ZnSO4和MgSO4两种电沉积溶液,对带裂缝的砂浆试件进行修复,测定了7天、14天、21天、28天、35天龄期带裂缝砂浆试件无裂缝处及裂缝处的碳化深度,研究了带裂缝的砂浆试件经过电沉积处理后碳化深度的变化情况.结果表明:利用ZnSO4和MgSO4两种电沉积溶液,对带裂缝的砂浆试件进行电沉积处理后,其抗碳化能力均有所提高,而且采用MgSO4溶液,抗碳化能力的提高程度要高于采用ZnSO4溶液的.     

高空薄壁钢筋混凝土漏斗水压爆破技术研究

对水压爆破的基本原理、参数进行了定性定量分析，通过大型电厂高空薄壁钢筋混凝土结构水压爆破工程实例的方案选择、药量参数的各种公式计算、分析、比较，药包布置以及施工技术，得出非圆形不对称薄壁钢筋混凝土构筑物水压爆破药包药量计算的合理实用简单公式，这为薄壁钢筋混凝土结构拆除爆破提供了科学的依据。     

高应力条件下爆破振动对岩石破坏研究

文章介绍了爆破振动的检测方法及主要过程,利用爆破振动时频分析得出某质点振动参数,利用动态应力理论将爆破振动对岩石作用转化为动态应力.以大理岩为例分析高应力条件振动波动态应力对岩石的反复压缩卸载过程,并指出在高应力条件下,爆破振动对岩石的破坏作用更加明显.     

应力比对K55套管钻井钢疲劳裂纹扩展性能的影响

利用电液伺服疲劳实验机及SEM研究了应力比对K55套管钻井钢疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响.结果表明:应力比对裂纹失稳区起始点对应的应力强度因子范围△K值具有显著的影响.随着应力比的增加,裂纹扩展失稳区起始点对应的裂纹扩展速率具有显著的降低,疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值也呈现显著的降低趋势.当疲劳裂纹逐渐由Paris区过渡到失稳扩展区,平均载荷逐渐取代应力强度因子幅度△K作为裂纹扩展的主导驱动力.当裂纹扩展至拉伸过载区,断口表面则呈现明显的冲击断裂特征.     

高强混凝土试块爆破损伤累积规律试验研究

为揭示多次爆破对高强混凝土的损伤累积规律,设计了高强混凝土试块损伤累积试验,对试块损伤和裂纹进行计算和统计。结果表明:单次爆破下试块的损伤值随测点到爆源中心距离的增大而减小,其中近区损伤值迅速降低,而中区损伤值则缓慢降低,并能维持在一个相对稳定的损伤值范围内;在多次爆破中测点损伤值以相同的趋势增长,且多次爆破下测点损伤值随着爆破作用次数的增加持续增大,近区损伤值增长较快,中区测点损伤可分为初期缓慢增加和后期跃迁式增大两个阶段,同时中远区测点损伤值累积呈现有突变的过程。     

水泥混凝土路面设计极限状态方程的探讨

摘要：水泥混凝土路面结构设计标准是行车荷载疲劳应力与温度疲劳翘曲应力之和不超过水泥混凝土材料的极限弯拉疲劳强度,现行水泥混凝土路面设计规范(JTG-D40-2002)的设计极限状态方程相似文献   

爆破应力波的传播及其远区破坏效应研究现状述评

从研究爆破应力波的远区传播机理和确定其破岩效应出发,介绍了爆炸应力波的传播及其破岩效应研究从简单到复杂、从理想化材料到尽可能与现实实际相吻合的材料、从近到远的研究历程,及其各阶段取得成果与不足.认为目前的研究已由过去尽量简化岩性(弹性均质体)和爆源(球状药包),向尽量反应炸药爆炸与装药结构特征、反应岩体现状与本性的方向发展;由以破岩为目的,向爆破后续的安全问题发展.并为研究爆破对保留岩体的影响及其稳定性,提出了今后应加强工作的具体意见.     

混凝土结构裂缝及防治

混凝土的裂缝问题是一个普遍存在而又难于解决的工程实际问题，通过对混凝土工程中常见的一些裂缝问题进行探讨分析，并针对具体情况提出了一些预防、处理措施。