Practical Problems in Jet Dyeing

Experts on jet dyeing and jet-dyeing machines provide details of their practical studies and experiences over a wide range of types and qualities of fabrics. Some comparison is made with conventional winch dyeing from the viewpoint of problem-solving. Attention is drawn to such factors in jet dyeing as loading, rope length, fabric packing, liquor:goods ratios, entanglement, running speed, fabric distortion, avoidance of fabric damage, heating and cooling, and selection of dyes and auxiliaries. The shortcomings of jet machines are detailed. It is agreed that choice of machine from the many available for any given range of fabrics, particularly lightweight qualities, is extremely difficult and requires extensive practical study. The jet-dyeing system is considered to be a very useful contribution to the dyeing industry.     

世界染料与染整工艺科技创新

根据染料母体的生物相容性论述了非诱变性染料和仿生染料在纺织纤维着色中的发展方向；论述了实现高固色率活性染料的有效途径以及通过交联染色方法实现染料与纤维近100％化学结合的可行性；介绍了环境友好染色新工艺，活性染料无盐染色，还原染料和硫化染料生化法还原或电还原法染色，非水溶剂染色以及喷墨印染技术。     

Developments in Jet Dyeing

This paper is not intended to review the very considerable number of jet-dyeing machines developed in the last six years and currently being offered by numerous manufacturers from all parts of the world. Rather, it is an attempt to assess the major designs available and consider their relative merits and demerits. At least one machine, representative of each different type, has been evaluated at Spondon or in Europe under commercial conditions. These trials have been carried out on a wide range of fabrics including both woven and knitted goods. The effect of fabric construction, fabric weight and yarn content has also been examined. The yarns used in these fabrics have included flat and textured polyester, flat and textured Tricel*, Tricelon*, Dicel*, Dicelon*. Courtelle*. nylon, cotton and various cellulosic blends.     

炼铁用耐火材料的现状及发展趋势

耐火材料工业与钢铁生产密切相关,虽然钢铁工业用耐火材料消耗不断减少,但是随着世界钢铁产量的逐步提高,今后对耐火材料的需求也会不断增加,20世纪50年代,世界钢产量增加10%,在过去的10年里,耐火材料的应用有所变化,不定形耐火材料的用量增加,这主要取决于新技术的运用,例如;采用泵送,喷补/喷枪技术。     

世界石油石化业当前宏观形势与未来发展趋势

分析了世界石油石化业当前的宏观形势,指出存在着大宗石油石化品生产消费重心东移、市场回暖、产业结构调整继续深入进行、酝酿着新的技术突破、可持续发展越来越受到关注等5个方面的特点。同时,提出了世界石油石化业未来发展的8个趋势。     

Biodiesel: Current Trends and Properties

Biodiesel, an alternative to petroleum-derived diesel fuel, is defined as the mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils and animal fats. Several current issues affecting biodiesel that are briefly discussed include the role of new feedstocks in meeting increased demand for biodiesel and circumventing the food versus fuel issue, biodiesel production, as well as fuel properties and their improvement.     

Non-Coding RNAs in Stem Cell Regulation and Cardiac Regeneration: Current Problems and Future Perspectives

Although advances in rapid revascularization strategies following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have led to improved short and long-term outcomes, the associated loss of cardiomyocytes and the subsequent remodeling result in an impaired ventricular function that can lead to heart failure or death. The poor regenerative capacity of the myocardium and the current lack of effective regenerative therapies have driven stem cell research in search of a possible solution. One approach involves the delivery of stem cells to the site of injury in order to stimulate repair response. Although animal studies initially delivered promising results, the application of similar techniques in humans has been hampered by poor target site retention and oncogenic considerations. In response, several alternative strategies, including the use of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), have been introduced with the aim of activating and regulating stem cells or inducing stem cell status in resident cells. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are ncRNAs with pivotal functions in cell proliferation and differentiation, whose role in stem cell regulation and potential significance for the field of cardiac regeneration is the primary focus of this review. We also address the general advantages of ncRNAs as promising drivers of cardiac regeneration and potent stem cell regulators.     

煤基喷气燃料发展动态

综述美国煤基喷气燃料的发展动态,包括煤基喷气燃料组成、生产工艺和性能等。阐述我国研究煤基喷气燃料的必要性、可行性及可能需要的研究手段。     

Two Centuries of Glass Research: Historical Trends,Current Status,and Grand Challenges for the Future

The field of glass science and technology has a remarkable history spanning about two centuries of research. In this article, we analyze the number of research papers and patents related to glassy and amorphous materials in the published literature. The publication rate has increased roughly exponentially since 1945. Within the most recent decade, China has become the clear dominant player in the global glass research community, while the publication rate has declined in many of the historically most prolific countries. Oxide glasses, metallic glasses, amorphous carbon, and amorphous silicon have drawn the most research attention overall and are still given the greatest focus today. Publication data are also analyzed in terms of the properties under study, author keywords, affiliation, and primary characterization techniques. We find that the level of published (fundamental) glass research from industrial laboratories has dropped significantly, despite the opportunities for new breakthroughs to solve some of the most challenging problems facing the world today. But, surprisingly, the number of patents issued worldwide has surpassed the number of published scientific articles, indicating a very high level of activity in technological research.     

玻璃的发展历程及未来趋势(连载一)

阐述国内外玻璃的发展史,指出玻璃可分为古玻璃、传统玻璃、新玻璃和未来玻璃,今后要按照低碳经济、绿色可持续的方向发展。玻璃有悠久的历史,要研究玻璃必须要了解玻璃内涵和发展历程,以史为鉴探讨今后的趋势。     

Carabidae Semiochemistry: Current and Future Directions

Ground beetles (Carabidae) are recognized for their diverse, chemically-mediated defensive behaviors. Produced using a pair of pygidial glands, over 250 chemical constituents have been characterized across the family thus far, many of which are considered allomones. Over the past century, our knowledge of Carabidae exocrine chemistry has increased substantially, yet the role of these defensive compounds in mediating behavior other than repelling predators is largely unknown. It is also unclear whether non-defensive compounds produced by ground beetles mediate conspecific and heterospecific interactions, such as sex-aggregation pheromones or kairomones, respectively. Here we review the current state of non-exocrine Carabidae semiochemistry and behavioral research, discuss the importance of semiochemical research including but not limited to allomones, and describe next-generation methods for elucidating the underlying genetics and evolution of chemically-mediated behavior.     

玻璃的发展历程及未来趋势(连载二)

阐述国内外玻璃的发展史,指出玻璃可分为古玻璃、传统玻璃、新玻璃和未来玻璃,今后要按照低碳经济、绿色可持续的方向发展。玻璃有悠久的历史,要研究玻璃必须要了解玻璃内涵和发展历程,以史为鉴探讨今后的趋势。     

光电信息功能材料研究进展和应用前景

１前言新材料的研制关系到一个国家的科学技术和生产力的发展,是国家经济发展的基础。世界各国都把新材料的研制列入国家重点研究计划。而本世纪处于由电子时代向光电子时代过渡的阶段,即光电子时代。光电功能材料既有电子材料的稳定性,又具有光子材料的先进性,将在光电子时代被广泛采用,有极大的市场前景。二十一世纪又是信息高度发达的社会,而支持信息发展的基础也是光电功能材料的研究与开发。２光电和信息功能材料的热点研究领域２．１纳米复合光电转换材料纳米复合光电转换材料是近几年发展十分迅速的领域之一。太阳能是取之不尽…     

Current Trends and Future Prospects of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

In recent years, advances in drug therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have progressed rapidly. In addition to cytotoxic anti-cancer agents such as platinum-based drug (cisplatin and carboplatin) and taxane-based drugs (docetaxel and paclitaxel), epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (cetuximab) and immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibodies (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) have come to be used. The importance of anti-cancer drug therapy is increasing year by year. Therefore, we summarize clinical trials of molecular targeted therapy and biomarkers in HNSCC from previous studies. Here we show the current trends and future prospects of molecular targeted therapy in HNSCC.     

Research and Development in Drying: Recent Trends and Future Prospects

Drying R&D has seen nearly exponential growth over the past three decades. Initially driven by the need to conserve energy in this highly energy-intensive operation found in almost all industrial sectors, now the focus is on product quality, environmental impact, safety issues, new products, and processes etc. Drying provides challenging areas for multi- and cross-disciplinary research of fundamental as well as applied nature coupling transport phenomena with material science. An attempt will be made to summarize the new developments in drying technologies, identify recent trends and make predictions about the future trends that may be expected. Also, personal perspectives on models of research appropriate for drying technology will be presented. The need for industry-academia interaction and for a stake of industry in academic research is noted as a key step towards successful transfer of innovative drying technologies to industry. Finally, the weaknesses of the currently popular “closed loop” approach of research in academia, by academia and for academia, resulting on over-emphasis on “high impact-factor” rather than “high impact research” will be discussed. It is hoped that future IDS meetings will increase industry participation by enhancing their impact on industrial adoption of newer more efficient drying technologies. It is essential to make it a worthwhile—even essential—exercise for industry to participate in these meetings.