A Practical Use for Dyeing Theory

A thermodynamic theory of dyeing is applied in practice to predict the necessary dyebath conditions to attain a target colour, and to predict the conditions for the redyeing of a thread lot where the target shade is not attained. 180 Vat recipes were predicted on a laboratory scale and 40 recipes on a bulk scale. All the dyeings were produced from tertiary mixtures of dyes and covered a wide gamut of colour space. The results indicate that general thermodynamic theories of dyeing can be used in a practical way to improve the performance of a dyeworks.     

Practical Problems in Jet Dyeing

Experts on jet dyeing and jet-dyeing machines provide details of their practical studies and experiences over a wide range of types and qualities of fabrics. Some comparison is made with conventional winch dyeing from the viewpoint of problem-solving. Attention is drawn to such factors in jet dyeing as loading, rope length, fabric packing, liquor:goods ratios, entanglement, running speed, fabric distortion, avoidance of fabric damage, heating and cooling, and selection of dyes and auxiliaries. The shortcomings of jet machines are detailed. It is agreed that choice of machine from the many available for any given range of fabrics, particularly lightweight qualities, is extremely difficult and requires extensive practical study. The jet-dyeing system is considered to be a very useful contribution to the dyeing industry.     

Some Practical Experiences in Solvent Dyeing

The chief processes for dyeing various fibres in perchloroethylene are described briefly and the factors that determine the design of machinery for using these processes commercially are discussed. The development of machines both of the rotary type and of the circulating-liquor type is described.     

Explanatory Paper on Modern Theory Theory of Dyeing

A clearer appreciation of the significance of the conventional standard affinity of dyeing (–μo)can be obtained if the nature of the driving forces behind dyeing in simple, model dyeing systems is analysed. It is then seen that the standard affinity of dyeing is the driving force behind dyeing in a particularly well–defined model of the dyeing system, at a particular stage of dyeing. The simple assumption that the rate of dyeing is directly proportional to the magnitude of the driving force behind dyeing provides a unifying link between the thermodynamics and the kinetics of dyeing and is consistent with modern theories of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. The extension of these ideas to an analysis of the nature of the driving forces in systems in which the rate of dyeing is determined by diffusion processes within the fibre produces a rather surprising result that reveals the true complexity of the concept of ‘affinity’ in dyeing.     

Constant-temperature Dyeing Process for Nylon Fibres II—Practical Considerations

The influence of anionic and cationic agents in the dyeing of nylon has been examined with particular reference to rate of dyeing, migration and coverage of physical irregularities. The relevance of these factors to dyeing by a constant-temperature technique is discussed.     

铁屑微电解法处理印染废水的原理

文章介绍了铁屑微电解法处理印染废水的效果及原理.铁屑法处理印染废水的机理主要是通过一些物理和化学方面的反应,使污水达到后续深处理的要求.     

A New Practical Approach to the Dyeing of Fabrics of Polyester-Cellulose Fibre Blends

Some of the difficulties faced by the dyer in selecting dyes and methods for the continuous dyeing of polyester–cellulose blends are described. A simple, versatile solution to many of these problems uses ternary-colour mixtures of disperse and reactive dyes to complement the colours of existing vat and sulphur dyes.     

The Use of Non-aqueous Solvents in Dyeing

A polyester package dyeing system based upon water and 2-ethoxyethanol is described. The process is similar to and a natural development of the silicone—perchloroethylene system discussed in Part I [1]. It is a bicomponent homogeneous system. Water replaces silicone as the bulking medium or antisolvent and 2-ethoxyethanol replaces perchloroethylene as the dye solvent. Potentially it is a more versatile system than Dacsol, e.g. cotton-polyester fibre blends can be dyed. High yields result from a low 2-ethoxyethanol: fibre ratio. Existing disperse dyes in diluent-free or commercial forms are suitable. Water quality, however, is important.     

实用染色的若干应用技术(60)——分散剂WA可应用的染色工艺

在采用阳离子染料对腈纶织物进行染色的过程中,容易产生染料凝聚问题,尤其是用阴/阳两种离子类型的染料染腈/毛、腈/粘等混纺织物时,问题更为严重。分散剂WA是20世纪60年代上海天坛助剂有限公司(原上海助剂厂)为适应当时国内聚丙烯腈纤维(腈纶)染色的迅速发展而研制的。40余年的实践经验证明:分散剂WA也可以应用在其他许多染色工艺中,以代替价格昂贵的进口产品AvolanlW(德国)。     

The Evolution of Techniques for the Winch Dyeing of Carpets— Some Practical Observations

The evolution of techniques for the piece dyeing of tufted carpets is discussed. Most of the development work was carried out on nylon and the piece dyeing of nylon tufted carpets is now well established. The application of the method to viscose rayon, polyester and some other fibres is discussed. Only a small number of dyes are required for each fibre to give a wide range of dyeings of adequate fastness properties.     

毛皮染色工艺探讨

该文介绍了兔毛皮的加工过程,重点介绍了染色过程的工艺配方、流程以及加工过程中的注意事项,对染制皮质柔软、毛色均匀的毛皮具有参考意义.     

The Use of Non-aqueous Solvents in Dyeing I - Dyeing Polyester Fibre by the Dacsol Process

The Dacsol process (J. & P. Coats Ltd) is a totally non-aqueous system designed principally for dyeing polyester fibre with existing disperse dyes, thus enabling fastness levels to be maintained. It is a bicomponent homogeneous system using perchloroethylene and a silicone fluid. Dyeing takes place in a pressurized dyeing machine at elevated temperatures and for times as low as 30 min. Residual solvent and surface dye are removed by rinsing with acetone, which facilitates steam drying. It is a dry-to-dry process. The dyeing and rinsing solvents are recovered by decolorizing with activated carbon and by distillation.     

胡麻粗纱还原染料染色的理论与实践

本文探讨了胡麻粗纱的煮漂、柔软、还原染料染色工艺,尤其对生产胡麻纱染色前粗纱的柔软整理机理、作用、意义作了阐述,提出了胡麻纤维染色适宜的染料和相应的煮漂方法,并介绍了染色工艺配方。     

A Theoretical and Practical Study of Compatibility in the Basic Dye—Acrylic Fibre Dyeing System

The theoretical background to the compatibility of mixtures of basic dyes in the basic dye-acrylic fibre system is described, and a simple test to predict compatible combinations is given. The selection and use of suitable auxiliaries to improve the compatibility of incompatible combinations of basic dyes are considered. The development of practical dyeing methods based on the use of such products is discussed, with particular reference to a method for the dyeing of Courtelle (Courtaulds) commencing at the boil.     

A Correct Solution for the Isoreactive Dyeing System

The relationship used previously for calculating time-temperature dyeing programs based on the condition of isoreactivity of the system has not been derived correctly, leading to increased consumption of thermal energy. A correct derivation is presented. In addition, a general solution is offered where the Kinetics of dyeing are described by an arbitrary function, the rate constant being the known function of temperature.     

A Philosophy for Dyeing in the Next Decade

Presented at the 13th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Textile Chemists and Colourists in London on 20 September 1984.