黄原胶在甘薯粉丝加工中的作用机理

黄原胶是一种新型的微生物多糖发酵产品,把它添加到甘薯淀粉中生产机制粉丝,能很好地解决机制粉丝的浑汤问题。本文拟结合黄原胶的结构探讨其在机制粉丝加工中的作用机理。     

黄原胶辅助干热改性淀粉纳米颗粒的理化特性研究

以玉米淀粉纳米颗粒为原料,通过黄原胶辅助对其进行干热改性,以便改善淀粉纳米颗粒的加工特性,扩大其应用范围。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、流变仪、X-衍射分析仪、透射电镜(TEM)等对干热处理前后的纳米颗粒与黄原胶共混物的热特性、流变特性以及微观结构进行了研究。结果表明,经黄原胶辅助干热处理后,淀粉纳米颗粒的糊化温度和焓值显著增加,表明纳米颗粒的结构增强,热稳定性增加。与未经干热处理的样品相比,干热混合物的储能模量(G')值显著升高、而损失因子(tanδ)明显降低,表明干热处理后,淀粉纳米颗粒乳液的凝胶性增强,呈现更加偏向于类固体的性质。TEM结果显示,淀粉纳米颗粒的直径在100 nm左右,与黄原胶混合干热后,有聚集现象,且颗粒有缩小的趋势。本研究可作为淀粉纳米颗粒物理改性的一种新方法,为生产改性淀粉纳米颗粒提供参考。     

改良剂延缓糯米淀粉制品老化特性的研究

为了探讨复配改良剂对糯米淀粉老化特性的影响,以低温储存后凝胶硬度的变化为评价指标,通过单因素实验,研究改良剂对糯米淀粉老化的抑制效果;采用响应面法确定复配改良剂的最佳添加量。结果表明,复配改良剂的最佳添加量为:黄原胶0.53%、单甘脂0.43%、β-淀粉酶0.18%。延缓糯米淀粉老化效果的改良剂顺序为β-淀粉酶黄原胶单甘脂。对糯米淀粉凝胶进行TPA、FT-IR和DSC分析,结果表明,添加复配改良剂的凝胶硬度、红外吸光度比值、热焓△H均显著低于空白样品。说明复配改良剂能有效控制水分迁移,抑制直链淀粉双螺旋结构形成和分子交联聚合,缩短直链淀粉及支链淀粉直线分支长度,降低支链淀粉晶种源浓度,阻碍其重结晶,有效延缓糯米淀粉凝胶的老化。     

交联辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯在蚝油中应用的模糊评价

交联辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯是一种新型食品乳化增稠添加剂,具有糊粘度高、乳化分散性能良好,还具有耐盐耐酸性,在蚝汁中添加该种变性淀粉可明显改善蚝油的品质,有效地防止蚝油分层沉淀倾向。利用模糊评价方法对不同配方处理的蚝油感官质量进行了综合评定。结果表明,用3%交联辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯、0.1%黄原胶和0.2%CMC配合制作的蚝油效果最好。     

黄原胶对燕麦淀粉凝胶特性的影响

为改善燕麦淀粉加工品质,提升产品质量,采用快速黏度分析仪、质构仪、低场核磁、红外光谱和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了黄原胶对燕麦淀粉凝胶特性的影响。结果表明:黄原胶的添加延缓了燕麦淀粉的糊化,增强了燕麦淀粉的热加工性能,降低了燕麦淀粉的最终黏度,延缓了燕麦淀粉的老化回生;黄原胶的质量分数与凝胶硬度、胶着性呈显著负相关,随着黄原胶质量分数的增加,凝胶硬度和胶着性呈下降趋势,添加黄原胶使混合体系凝胶的水分运动性降低,表现为结合水和半结合水含量增加,自由水含量降低;凝胶化过程中,黄原胶与燕麦淀粉未发生化学反应,且黄原胶的添加增加了凝胶回生样品中的无序结构;黄原胶改善了燕麦淀粉凝胶网络结构,孔洞分布均匀而且孔隙率增大。     

玉米淀粉基质乳粉中锡的检测

目的建立检测含有玉米淀粉基质乳粉中锡的测试方法,为此类乳粉中锡的检测提供依据。方法选择基质含玉米淀粉的乳粉作为研究对象,通过加标回收的方式,结合不含玉米基质乳粉作为对比实验,分别研究3种不同的样品制备流程。运用干法消化、湿法消化、酶解后湿法消化3种方法进行含玉米淀粉基质乳粉中锡的检测。结果加标样品经干法消化,回收率62.8%;经湿法消化,回收率0%;经酶解后湿法消化,回收率86.0%。酶解后湿法消化回收率结果,显著优于干法消化和湿法消化的测试结果,与不含由淀粉基质的乳粉加标测试回收率88.9%结果相当。结论对于含有玉米淀粉基质的乳粉中锡的检测,酶解后湿法消化的方式操作简单,最为适用,也说明引入淀粉酶能够保证锡测试结果的准确性。     

发芽对不同品种糙米碳水化合物组成及其相关酶活性的影响

4个不同品种的糙米样品在35℃下发芽60 h,每间隔12 h取样分析其碳水化合物组成及相关酶活性的变化。结果表明,发芽使不同品种糙米的淀粉、直链淀粉及支链淀粉含量降低;还原糖和可溶性糖含量先增加、后降低;总淀粉酶活力和α-淀粉酶活力先上升、后下降。其中,籼稻糙米发芽36 h时,还原糖和可溶性糖含量以及总淀粉酶和α-淀粉酶活力达到高峰;而粳稻糙米和糯稻糙米的高峰值则出现在发芽48 h时。     

发酵制取黄原胶的研究

黄原胶是由野油菜黄单胞菌发酵产生的一种水溶性微生物多糖。在适宜的培养条件下,能以玉米淀粉为主要原料发酵产生黄原胶。20O升中型试验表明,黄原胶对玉米淀粉的转化率为55～64％,发酵液粘度商达6500～77O0厘泊。经化学分析表明,我所研制的黄原胶制品其组分与美国的同类产品相同。研制工作经小试及中试两个阶段。     

木薯淀粉- 黄原胶复配体系中淀粉糊化机理

采用光学显微镜(LM)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察木薯淀粉、木薯淀粉- 黄原胶复配体系在糊化过程中淀粉颗粒形态的变化。淀粉糊化是淀粉与水分相互作用的过程,利用核磁共振仪(NMR)测定质子自旋- 自旋弛豫时间(T2),来反映体系糊化过程中黄原胶对水分运动性的影响;通过测定渗漏直链淀粉含量,反映黄原胶对木薯淀粉糊化过程中链段运动性的影响,从而探究木薯淀粉在黄原胶为连续相体系中的糊化机理。结果表明：黄原胶一定程度上可抑制升温过程中淀粉颗粒的膨胀,同时SEM图显示黄原胶包裹于木薯淀粉颗粒周围,形成空间位阻使得淀粉颗粒分散均匀,与淀粉糊具有良好的相容性;升温过程中质子自旋- 自旋弛豫时间(T2)的差异体现了糊化过程中水分分布及结合程度的变化,由于黄原胶的吸水及包裹作用使得淀粉糊化温度升高,热糊稳定性提高,表现为T2 先降后升的拐点由50℃升高至60℃及95℃较高的T2;黄原胶的加入使得体系中链段运动性降低,表现为直链淀粉渗漏量随着黄原胶配比增加而减少。     

黄原胶对莲藕淀粉糊化性质及流变与质构特性的影响

为探究亲水性胶体对淀粉性质的影响,将不同比例的黄原胶添加到莲藕淀粉中,研究两者复配后莲藕淀粉的糊化、流变、质构特性及微观结构的变化。结果表明：黄原胶提高了淀粉糊终值黏度、糊化峰值时间并降低淀粉的崩解值和回生值,复配体系有更好的热稳定性和抗老化性。添加不同比例的黄原胶使莲藕淀粉糊的剪切应力不同程度降低,稠度系数K增大,流体指数n降低,加入黄原胶后的淀粉糊仍为假塑性流体,但是具有更好的增稠作用;加入黄原胶提高了淀粉的贮能模量、损耗模量,降低了损耗角正切值tanδ,体系的黏弹性和稳定性增强,其中莲藕淀粉与黄原胶配比为8.0∶2.0（g/g）的复配体系增稠效果、黏弹性、稳定性最好。复配体系的硬度、内聚性、黏着性、咀嚼性降低,弹性略有增大,添加黄原胶形成的凝胶质地更柔软。扫描电子显微镜观察到添加黄原胶后淀粉内部形成更加均匀稳定的结构。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press