DUCF: Distributed load balancing Unequal Clustering in wireless sensor networks using Fuzzy approach

Data gathering in wireless sensor networks (WSN) consumes more energy due to large amount of data transmitted. In direct transmission (DT) method, each node has to transmit its generated data to the base station (BS) which leads to higher energy consumption and affects the lifetime of the network. Clustering is one of the efficient ways of data gathering in WSN. There are various kinds of clustering techniques, which reduce the overall energy consumption in sensor networks. Cluster head (CH) plays a vital role in data gathering in clustered WSN. Energy consumption in CH node is comparatively higher than other non CH nodes because of its activities like data aggregation and transmission to BS node. The present day clustering algorithms in WSN use multi-hopping mechanism which cost higher energy for the CH nodes near to BS since it routes the data from other CHs to BS. Some CH nodes may die earlier than its intended lifetime due to its overloaded work which affects the performance of the WSN. This paper contributes a new clustering algorithm, Distributed Unequal Clustering using Fuzzy logic (DUCF) which elects CHs using fuzzy approach. DUCF forms unequal clusters to balance the energy consumption among the CHs. Fuzzy inference system (FIS) in DUCF uses the residual energy, node degree and distance to BS as input variables for CH election. Chance and size are the output fuzzy parameters in DUCF. DUCF assigns the maximum limit (size) of a number of member nodes for a CH by considering its input fuzzy parameters. The smaller cluster size is assigned for CHs which are nearer to BS since it acts as a router for other distant CHs. DUCF ensures load balancing among the clusters by varying the cluster size of its CH nodes. DUCF uses Mamdani method for fuzzy inference and Centroid method for defuzzification. DUCF performance was compared with well known algorithms such as LEACH, CHEF and EAUCF in various network scenarios. The experimental results indicated that DUCF forms unequal clusters which ensure load balancing among clusters, which again improves the network lifetime compared with its counterparts.     

基于数据库的电力设备故障诊断模糊专家系统的设计与实现

采用SQL Anywhere 5.0设计知识库。PowerBuilder6.5编程实现了电力设备故障诊断模糊专家系统,其知识的表示采用了模糊产生式表示式,引进了模糊匹配与加权模糊逻辑进行模糊推理,实现了一种较为理想的非精确推理。     

遗传神经网络故障诊断自适应Petri网模型

研究故障诊断优化问题。针对传统Petri网难以精确地描述故障现象和故障原因之间的复杂关系,造成故障诊断难以精确,提出了将遗传算法、神经网络和传统Petri网模型结合,形成了一种改进的自适应的加权Petri网模型以及模型的构造算法,同时在此基础上,采用改进的遗传算法对神经网络模型的权值进行优化训练,并给出了采用构造的自适应模糊Petri网模型对故障进行诊断的具体步骤。仿真实例验证了算法的有效性,对柔性制造系统实例的故障进行诊断,验证了此自适应的加权模糊Petri网模型结合了Petri网和遗传算法的优点,具有很强的故障推理能力以及自适应能力,能有效地对故障进行诊断。     

基于遗传优化和模糊推理PID及MATLAB仿真

本文提出一种基于遗传优化和模糊推理相结合的自适应模糊PID控制算法,算法由遗传算法和模糊推理两部分构成,分别用于离线优化和在线优化。仿真结果表明,这种自适应PID控制器的性能,比仅用遗传算法优化的PID控制器更好,并且抗干扰能力更强。     

基于专家知识和模糊推理的大科学装置故障诊断方法

针对大科学装置技术综合、结构复杂、系统庞大,在故障诊断方面面临的故障机理不清楚,难以建立精确的数学模型;诊断信息不完整、不精确,难以进行确定性推理;诊断数据受限,无法实现数据驱动等诸多问题。提出了基于专家知识和模糊推理相结合的故障诊断方法和模式匹配算法,通过模糊因子的引入和基于数据库的模糊诊断知识可视化建模方法的使用,解决了故障诊断环节的诸多不确定性问题,形成了面向用户的模糊专家系统故障诊断基础平台,并在某大型激光驱动装置测试验证平台中得到初步应用,实现了电气驱动及控制系统故障的智能诊断。     

A method for online pattern recognition of abnormal eye movements

A doctor could say that a patient is sick while he/she is healthy or could say that the patient is healthy while he/she is sick, by mistake. So it is important to generate a system that can give a good diagnosis, in this case for abnormal eye movements. An abnormal eye movement is when the patient wants to move the eye to up or down and the eye does not move or the eye moves to other place. In this paper, a method for the pattern recognition is used to provide a better diagnosis for patients related with the abnormal eye movements. The real data of signals of two eye movements (up and down) of patients are obtained using a mindset ms-100 system. A new method that uses one intelligent algorithm for online pattern recognition is proposed. The difference between the proposed method and the previous works is that, in other works, both behaviors (up and down) are trained with one intelligent algorithm, while in this work, up behavior is trained with one intelligent algorithm and down behavior is trained with other intelligent algorithm; it is because the multi-output system can always be decomposed into a collection of single-output systems with the advantage to use different parameters for each one if necessary. The intelligent algorithm used by the proposed method could be any of the following: the adaline network denoted as AN, the multilayer neural network denoted as NN, or the Sugeno fuzzy inference system denoted as SF. So the comparison results of the proposed method using each of the intelligent algorithms for online pattern recognition of two eye movements are presented.     

应用迭代四叉树的肝脏MR图像分割

磁共振（Magnetic Resonance,MR）图像的诊断是公认的确认肝脏有无肿瘤等器质性病变的金标准方法,因此肝脏的正确分割对计算机辅助诊断有非常重要的意义。由于脏器组织浸润和个体差异,在肝脏分割实现方法方面有一定难度,目前尚没有通用的医学分割方法。在既有研究的基础上,提出了基于四叉树的迭代分割算法,得到MR图像中肝脏的自动分割结果。实验分割结果表明这种方法的可行性和优势,并为后续的肿瘤提取奠定基础。     

Fuzzy relation-based diagnosis

Consideration was given to restoration of causes (diagnoses) from the observed effects symptoms) on the basis of fuzzy relations and the Zadeh composition inference rule. An approach was proposed to the design of the fuzzy diagnostic systems enabling solution of the fuzzy logic equations hand in hand with the construction and adjustment of the fuzzy relations on the basis of the expert-experimental information. Adjustment lies in selecting the membership functions of fuzzy causes and effects, as well as the fuzzy relations minimizing the difference between the model and experimental results of diagnosis. Optimization relies on the genetic algorithm. The proposed approach was illustrated by a computer experiment and an actual example of diagnosis.     

基于模糊推理的变步长LMS自适应滤波算法

LMS算法是一种基于最速下降法的最小均方误差自适应滤波算法.为了提高LMS算法的收敛速度,依据模糊控制原理,推导出一种结构简单的步长与误差的非线性函数关系,进而得出一种新的变步长LMS自适应滤波算法（FVSLMS）,该算法结构简单,易于实现.在理论上,根据万能逼近定理,用FVSLMS算法可以以任意精度逼近步长与误差的非线性函数关系,因此它可以作为以误差调节步长的变步长LMS算法的一类统一形式.最后,通过计算机仿真说明了FVSLMS算法具有较好的收敛性能.     

基于混沌差分进化FCM算法的舵回路故障诊断

为了提高故障分类的准确性,提出了一种混沌差分进化模糊C-均值故障识别方法(CDEFCM,chaotic differential evolution fuzzy C-mean).该方法利用差分进化算法高效的全局搜索能力以及混沌序列的均匀遍历特性,克服了模糊C-均值算法(FCM,fuzzy C-mean)对初始值敏感的缺点及遗传算法易收敛到局部极值点的缺陷,用该方法进行故障聚类分析,可以准确地识别故障.以某飞控系统舵回路常见故障为例进行了仿真验证,结果表明该方法能有效地识别出故障.     

Diagnosis Problem Solving Using Fuzzy Relations

This paper deals with the restoration and the identification of the causes (diagnoses) through the observed effects (symptoms) on the basis of fuzzy relations and Zadeh's compositional rule of inference. We propose an approach for building fuzzy systems of diagnosis, which enables solving fuzzy relational equations together with design and tuning of fuzzy relations on the basis of expert and experimental information. The essence of tuning consists of the selection such membership functions for fuzzy causes and effects, and also fuzzy relations, which minimize the difference between model and experimental results of diagnosis. The genetic algorithm is used for solving the optimization problem. The proposed approach is illustrated by the computer experiment and the real example of diagnosis.     

Self-Tuning of the Fuzzy Inference Rule by Integrated Method

In the fuzzy reasoning model, the fuzzy relation matrix, determined by a human expert according to experience, plays an important role, but may be difficult to extract optimally from an expert, particularly as the system increases in complexity. Moreover, a change in the fuzzy membership function may alter the performance of the fuzzy system significantly. Therefore, in this paper, the genetic algorithm is to be incorporated in the context fuzzy reasoning model in the loop whose function is to search for optimal fuzzy relation matrix and fuzzy membership functions simultaneously. In addition, the genetic algorithm used in this paper is supplemented by a local fine-tuning mechanism with executing the gradient descent genetic operator.     

一种新的模糊自适应模拟退火遗传算法

针对遗传算法收敛速度慢、容易"早熟"等缺点,结合模糊推理、模拟退火算法和自适应机制,提出一种改进的遗传算法--模糊自适应模拟退火遗传算法(FASAGA),并分析了该算法的性能和特点,实验研究表明,该算法比标准的遗传算法(SGA)具有更快的收敛速度和寻优效果.     

Genetic tuning of fuzzy inference within fuzzy classifier systems

Abstract: In generating a suitable fuzzy classifier system, significant effort is often placed on the determination and the fine tuning of the fuzzy sets. However, in such systems little thought is given to the way in which membership functions are combined within the fuzzy rules. Often traditional fuzzy inference strategies are used which consequently provide no control over how strongly or weakly the inference is applied within these rules. Furthermore such strategies will allow no interaction between grades of membership. A number of theoretical fuzzy inference operators have been proposed for both regression and classification problems but they have not been investigated in the context of real-world applications. In this paper we propose a novel genetic algorithm framework for optimizing the strength of fuzzy inference operators concurrently with the tuning of membership functions for a given fuzzy classifier system. Each fuzzy system is generated using two well-established decision tree algorithms: C4.5 and CHAID. This will enable both classification and regression problems to be addressed within the framework. Each solution generated by the genetic algorithm will produce a set of fuzzy membership functions and also determine how strongly the inference will be applied within each fuzzy rule. We investigate several theoretical proven fuzzy inference techniques (T-norms) in the context of both classification and regression problems. The methodology proposed is applied to a number of real-world data sets in order to determine the effects of the simultaneous tuning of membership functions and inference parameters on the accuracy and robustness of fuzzy classifiers.     

Univariate statistical analysis with fuzzy data

Statistical data are frequently not precise numbers but more or less non-precise, also called fuzzy. Measurements of continuous variables are always fuzzy to a certain degree. Therefore histograms and generalized classical statistical inference methods for univariate fuzzy data have to be considered. Moreover Bayesian inference methods in the situation of fuzzy a priori information and fuzzy data are discussed.     

Evolutionary design of a fuzzy classifier from data

Genetic algorithms show powerful capabilities for automatically designing fuzzy systems from data, but many proposed methods must be subjected to some minimal structure assumptions, such as rule base size. In this paper, we also address the design of fuzzy systems from data. A new evolutionary approach is proposed for deriving a compact fuzzy classification system directly from data without any a priori knowledge or assumptions on the distribution of the data. At the beginning of the algorithm, the fuzzy classifier is empty with no rules in the rule base and no membership functions assigned to fuzzy variables. Then, rules and membership functions are automatically created and optimized in an evolutionary process. To accomplish this, parameters of the variable input spread inference training (VISIT) algorithm are used to code fuzzy systems on the training data set. Therefore, we can derive each individual fuzzy system via the VISIT algorithm, and then search the best one via genetic operations. To evaluate the fuzzy classifier, a fuzzy expert system acts as the fitness function. This fuzzy expert system can effectively evaluate the accuracy and compactness at the same time. In the application section, we consider four benchmark classification problems: the iris data, wine data, Wisconsin breast cancer data, and Pima Indian diabetes data. Comparisons of our method with others in the literature show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

一种模糊矩阵并行推理算法及其应用

针对高炉专家系统知识库和推理机的特点，采用模糊集理论中的隶属函数的方法实现了知识的模糊矩阵表示和推理，提出了一种基于模糊矩阵的并行推理算法，提高了高炉专家系统的推理效率     

一种新型的基于遗传算法的进化模糊推理系统

介绍了遗传算法和进化模糊推理系统的融合方式及结构,应用一种新型的基于遗传算法的进化模糊推理系统动态自适应的在线学习和离线学习。使用进化聚类方法,模糊规则在系统执行过程中进行创建和更新,并且采用遗传算法优化进化聚类的结果,修改成员的隶属度函数,通过模糊推理系统计算系统的输出。     

Resource allocation by genetic algorithm with fuzzy inference

Assuming that a make-to-order manufacturing company has customer orders, the addressed capacity allocation problem is a due-date assignment problem for multiple manufacturing resources. The purpose of this study is to develop an intelligent resource allocation model using genetic algorithm and fuzzy inference for reducing lateness of orders with specific due dates. While the genetic algorithm is responsible for arranging and selecting the sequence of orders, the fuzzy inference module conveys how resources are allocated to each order. Experimental results showed that the proposed model has solved the capacity allocation problem efficiently.     

直觉F推理与普通F推理的比较研究

直觉F推理克服了普通F推理在不确定性信息的描述、推理结果可信性等方面存在的局限性。在介绍普通F推理直觉化扩展的基础上,首先分析了两类推理算法的相互转化问题,指出普通F推理是直觉F推理的一种特例,当直觉指数为0时二者可相互转化。其次,比较了两类算法的还原性,分析表明Zadeh型、Mamdani型、Larsen型直觉F推理算法与其对应的普通F推理算法具有相同的还原性。最后,通过实例研究了直觉F推理算法在推理结果精度、可信性上的优势,从而较普通F推理更适用于智能控制与决策。