粘土空心砖生产的现场管理

根据粘土实心砖转产粘土空心砖10多年的生产实践，综述了原料选用与贮存、泥料加工、内燃料掺配、挤压成型、坯体干燥、码窑和焙烧等各生产环节的工艺要求和现场控制要点。     

减少空心砖废品率

为适应墙材革新与建筑节能的需要 ,各地有不少生产粘土实心砖的砖厂改产粘土空心砖 (多孔砖 )。改产后 ,如果仍以生产实心砖的方式生产空心砖 ,则湿坯难以成型 ,半成品和成品的废品率、次品率过高 ,企业的经济效益难以提高。为此从生产工艺方面谈几点提高产品质量的看法 ,供参考。１原料土的处理生产空心砖的原料土 ,不能现挖现用 ,如采挖江湖泥 ,必须先进行脱水处理 ;如挖掘山泥应先进行湿化与风化 ,再经２道对辊与２次搅拌的机械处理 ,才能进入挤泥机成型 ,否则其成型、干燥和焙烧的质量难以保证。粘土的塑性是制砖工艺的重要参数。如果粘…     

粘土空心砖自然干燥工艺及管理要点

根据多年生产经验,综述了砖坯体自然干燥原理、干燥介质,粘土空心砖干燥特点、干燥工艺及管理要点。     

生产水平三孔空心磚的經驗

为了适应建筑新技术发展的需要,南宁市北岸砖瓦厂于1961年11月試制成粘土水平三孔空心砖,并从1962年1月起投入大批生产。經过一年多的生产实践,在生产工艺上和产品质量方面都得到不断的改善和提高。下面簡要介紹一下該厂生产粘土空心砖的工艺过程及操作和对生产过程中一些問題的看法。一、生产工艺过程南宁市北岸砖瓦厂生产的空心砖是采用可塑法成型,其工艺过程如下:     

烧结粉煤灰空心砖生产工艺

烧结粉煤灰空心砖坯比粘土空心砖坯脱水快。因为粉煤灰在坯体中起骨架作用,有利于坯体水分蒸发。从而缩短干燥周期,减小干燥收缩率,防止裂纹。粉煤灰发热量在砖坯体内燃烧,能加快火行速度、缩短焙烧时间、加速轮窑周转、提高成品产量。实践证明,生产粉煤灰烧结空心砖,既可利废节能、省煤节土、降耗增效、减少污染、保护环境;又能增强坯体密实度、减轻产品容重、提高产品强度、增强建筑结构力;同时缓解了“砖瓦生产与农争地”的矛盾;可谓一举多得。利用粉煤灰生产烧结空心砖,必须在原料选择、陈化、掺配、处理、成型、干燥和焙烧等工艺环节上…     

利用湖泊淤泥生产煤矸石空心砖

介绍湖泊淤泥掺配煤矸石生产空心砖过程中原料的困存与风化、煤矸石破碎与筛分、混合料掺配与陈化、坯体成型与干燥、码窑与焙烧等工艺及操作技术.     

介绍半干压型法

应用半干粘土压制砖坯,目前在我国的砖厂中还是一个新的成型方法.这种成型方法具有许多优点: (一)因成型水份低(约8-12%),干燥周期快,同时降低干燥损失,节约干燥用煤. (二)可以用来成型异型砖坯.如空心砖、五面砖及其他建筑材料. (三)可以完全避免塑性成型方法时产生的砖坯的螺旋纹结构.使砖坯六面规整、美观. (四)用此法成型的砖坯,湿度很小可完全不经干燥而直接焙烧,这样可以帮助季节性砖厂解决冬季生产问题.     

利用软质页岩生产空心砖

介绍利用软质页岩研制生产空心砖原料制备、成型.干燥和焙烧过程中遇到的问题和解决措施以及空心砖在攀枝花地区的推广应用情况.     

利用软质页岩生产空习砖

介绍利用软质页岩研制生产空心砖原料制备、成型、干燥和焙烧过程遇到的问题和解决措施以及空心砖在攀枝花地区的推广应用情况。     

中小型砖厂改产空心砖关键工艺环节认识

贵州省中小型烧结砖厂改产空心砖，其原料破碎、陈化方式、成型、干燥及烧成等环节均有别于实心砖生产。本文提出其中原料破碎、陈化及干燥三个工艺环节的技改方案选择或完善，是改产空心砖时投资少，见效快，产品质量产量满足要求的主要工作重点。     

利用秘鲁硅藻土制备多孔砖的研究

以秘鲁硅藻土和黏土为原料,经过混合、练泥、成型、干燥、焙烧生产轻质多孔砖。结果表明,按照硅藻土85%和黏土15%比例可以生产多孔砖。30目硅藻土生产的多孔砖,抗压强度可以满足不小于2.5 MPa技术要求,体积密度无法满足不大于1.0 g/cm^3的技术要求。     

A perspective study on fly ash–lime–gypsum bricks and hollow blocks for low cost housing development

Housing is a great problem in today's world. The most basic building material for construction of houses is the usual burnt clay brick. A significant quantity of fuel is utilized in making these bricks. Also, continuous removal of topsoil, in producing conventional bricks, creates environmental problems. A feasibility study was undertaken on the production of fly ash–lime–gypsum (FaL-G) bricks and hollow blocks to solve the problems of housing shortage and at the same time to build houses economically by utilizing industrial wastes. The compressive strength, water absorption, density and durability of these bricks and hollow blocks are investigated. It is observed that these bricks and hollow blocks have sufficient strength for their use in low cost housing development. Tests were also conducted to study the influence of type of curing on the increase in strength and hardening of the bricks and blocks with time. It was observed that the hot water curing leads to a greater degree of hardening and higher strength, earlier compared to ordinary water curing.     

空心砖与空心砖节能建筑

根据多年来对空心砖及空心砖节能建筑研究与推广的实践经验，阐述了各种空心砖的规格性能及确定其外形尺寸和孔型的依据，介绍了节能５０％空心砖建筑试点工程。提出１６种节能５０％空心砖建筑墙体方案供设计参考。     

陶土材料在外装饰工程中的应用

阐述了陶土材料的性能特点.结合工程实例,介绍了陶砖、陶瓦、陶板的施工工艺及操作要点.将陶砖、陶瓦、陶板用作屋面与立面装饰材料,使传统材料与现代建筑有机地结合在一起,既保持了传统风格,又表现出现代的时尚设计.     

Transfer function coefficients for time varying coupled heat transfers in vertically heated hollow concrete bricks

This paper describes a two step numerical procedure to determinate empirical transfer function coefficients (TFCs) for vertically heated hollow concrete bricks. For such systems TFCs cannot be generated using the analytical techniques available in the literature such as the z-transfer function method or the space state representation method because of the nonlinear local character of the heat transfer by natural convection and radiation in the air cells of the hollow concrete bricks. The first step of the procedure consists in predicting coupled heat transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation in realistic time varying conditions using a detailed numerical simulation. In the second step, the results of the simulation (the time-varying heat fluxes at the hollow brick surfaces) are used to obtain empirical transfer function coefficients using an identification technique. Transfer function coefficients are generated for three different types of hollow concrete bricks mostly used in practice. It is shown that the empirical transfer function coefficients permit fast and accurate prediction of heat transfer for thermal excitations that differ markedly from those used to generate these coefficients without solving the complex system of equations governing the coupled heat transfer mechanisms.     

Steady state theoretical model of fired clay hollow bricks for enhanced external wall thermal insulation

This paper proposes a theoretical model to study the steady state thermal behavior of fired clay hollow bricks for enhanced external wall thermal insulation. The study aims at the development of new materials and structural components with good thermal material properties, with respect to energy saving and ecological design. Thermal insulation capacity of two external walls of different thicknesses, constructed of locally produced bricks, is studied. The basic brick units used for the investigation are small-size bricks with eight equal cavities or recesses and big-size bricks with twelve equal recesses. Their recesses configuration has been varied to perform the assessment. The insulation materials injected within brick recesses during the assessment are granulated cork and expanded polystyrene. The improvement in the thermal performance of the walls will be the result of optimization among the various factors such as brick cavity configurations, integration of insulation within brick recesses and the cavity surface emissivities. So emphasis is given to the study of the impact of these factors singly or in combination on the overall thermal resistance of walls in order to find out the best design solutions to maximize their thermal insulation capacity. Computer modeling and calculations performed, for steady state conditions, show that the increase in hollow brick cavity height contributes to the improvement of the overall thermal resistance of the order of 18–20%. The improvement could significantly increase to the range of 88.64% and 93.33%, if the bricks used are injected with the insulating material. If the cavity surface emissivities are lowered to 0.3, the improvement will be 72.73–78.33%. The results have also shown that replacing the cork by expanded polystyrene (EPS), having lower thermal conductivity, would not improve significantly the overall thermal resistance. This improvement is 9.08% for a wall of small-size bricks having configuration BS2CV and 8.34% for a wall of big-size bricks having configuration BB3CV.     

Equilibrium moisture content of clay bricks: The influence of the porous structure

The comprehension of the influence exerted by the material microstructure on the hygrometric properties of clay bricks plays a fundamental role in order to control the condensation phenomena and to avoid the deterioration of the masonry structure. The equilibrium moisture content (MEq) of ordinary and lightweight clay bricks was measured and the correlation with microstructure and pore morphology was investigated. The influence of the pore size and specific surface on the amount of MEq was found to be prevalent when compared to the other physical variables. A statistical model was also set up in order to predict the MEq values.     

Optimization of the configuration of 290 × 140 × 90 hollow clay bricks with 3-D numerical simulation by finite volume method

This paper is aimed at finding the optimum configuration of the number of holes and their arrangement for the 290 × 140 × 90 hollow clay bricks with 3-D numerical simulation by a home-made code with finite volume method. Seventy-two kinds of configurations with different hole number and arrays are chosen elaborately and their equivalent thermal conductivities are numerically predicted. In addition, the effects of the hole surface radiation and the indoor–outdoor temperature difference on the equivalent thermal conductivity are also investigated. The major findings are as follows. The radiation of the hole surfaces makes heat transfer enhanced and the equivalent thermal conductivity enlarged in some extent, ranging from 25.8% to 4.6%. The optimum configuration has eight holes in length, four holes in width and one holes in height, whose equivalent thermal conductivity is the lowest and of 0.400 W/(m K),which is only 59% of the highest thermal conductivity of the all cases studied. When the indoor–outdoor temperature difference varies from 50 °C to 20 °C, the equivalent thermal conductivity of the 72 kinds of hollow bricks does not vary too much, usually within ±5%. Especially, the equivalent thermal conductivity of the optimum configuration holds no change within this variation range of indoor–outdoor temperature difference.     

承重型空心砖自保温墙体的适应性研究

本文介绍了一种承重和保温相结合的空心砖自保温墙体,通过对该墙体热工性能的计算,分析了承重型空心砖自保温墙体可推广的地区.     

蒸压加气混凝土砌块住宅结构体系的应用研究

砌体结构作为我国传统的建筑形式，在住宅建筑中仍占有十分重要的位置。蒸压加气混凝土砌块作为一种替代粘土砖的新型墙体材料，长期以来一直主要用于各类建筑的围护和填充结构中。本文从强度和使用功能方面，结合算例分析，对蒸压加气混凝土承重砌块住宅结构体系的应用进行了探讨。