衬底温度对Mg0.1Zn0.9O薄膜结构及光学性能的影响

利用射频磁控溅射技术在不同温度的(100)Si和玻璃衬底上成功地制备了c轴择优取向的Mg0.1Zn0.9O薄膜.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、紫外可见光分光光度计和光致发光谱研究了衬底温度对Mg0.1Zn0.9O薄膜结构、表面形貌和光学性能的影响,结果表明,在衬底温度为400℃时生长的Mg0.1Zn0.9O薄膜具有很好的c轴取向和较好的光学性能.用激发波长为300nm的氙灯作为激发光源得到不同衬底温度下Mg0.1Zn0.9O薄膜的室温PL谱.分析表明,紫外发光峰与薄膜的结晶质量密切相关,蓝光发射与氧空位有关.简单探讨了衬底温度影响紫外光致发光峰红移和蓝移的可能机理.     

MOCVD方法在Si衬底上低温生长ZnO薄膜

采用二乙基锌(DEZn)和氧化亚氮(N2O)作为锌源和氧源,在低温300℃,利用金属有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD)的方法在Si(100)衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜.通过优化氧锌比,ZnO薄膜为高度单一c轴方向生长.由光致发光谱和反射谱得知,ZnO薄膜的紫外发光峰位于388nm,具有很好的光透性,且其PL谱半峰宽为80meV.     

基底温度和氧分压对直流磁控溅射制备的ZnO∶Al薄膜性能的影响

利用直流磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备了ZnO:A l(ZAO)透明导电薄膜。详细研究了沉积时的基片温度、氧分压强对膜的透光率和电阻率的影响。结果表明:ZAO薄膜具有六角纤锌矿结构且呈c轴择优取向,晶粒垂直于衬底方向柱状生长;衬底温度和氧分压对薄膜的电阻率有很大影响;基底温度对薄膜的可见光透过率影响不大,但随氧分压的增大而增大;在衬底温度为250℃、氧分压为1%时,薄膜有最优化的电阻率和平均透光率,分别达到8.35×10-4Ω.cm和85.2%。     

衬底和O2/Ar气体比例对ZnO薄膜结构及性能的影响

采用直流磁控溅射法沉积了ZnO薄膜,以X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜等手段对薄膜的晶体结构和微观相貌进行了分析,并对薄膜的电学性能进行了考察.结果表明:所制备薄膜沿c轴高度择优,并具有较高的电阻率;ZnO薄膜的沉积速率和c轴择优度是由O2/Ar气体比例和衬底共同决定的;Au衬底上的ZnO薄膜以三维生长为主,在Al和Si衬底上出现了不同程度的薄膜二维生长;电阻率随O2/Ar气体比例的提高逐渐增加,Si衬底上薄膜的电阻率高于Al和Au衬底上的.     

不同衬底上低温生长的ZnO晶体薄膜的结构及光学性质比较

采用电子束反应蒸发方法,在单晶Si(001)及玻璃衬底上低温外延生长了沿c轴高度取向的单晶ZnO薄膜,并对沉积的ZnO晶体薄膜的结构和光学性质进行了分析比较。通过对ZnO薄膜的X射线衍射(XRD)分析及光致荧光激发谱(PLE)测量,研究了衬底材料结构特性、生长温度及反应气氛中充O     

热处理温度对溶胶-凝胶法制备ZnO薄膜晶体结构和发光特性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)旋涂法在Si(100)衬底上制备ZnO薄膜,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、光致发光谱(PL)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段分析制得的ZnO薄膜的晶体结构和发光特性。着重考察了热分解温度对ZnO薄膜晶体结构和发光特性的影响。结果表明,溶胶-凝胶旋涂法制备的ZnO薄膜样品厚度约为220nm,属六方纤锌矿结构,其c轴取向度与热分解温度有很大关系;ZnO薄膜在室温下均有较强的紫外带边发射峰,且紫外带边发射峰与样品c轴取向度没有直接关系,与缺陷有关的可见发射带很弱。     

氧压对PLD法硅上生长c轴取向LiNbO3晶体薄膜的影响

本文采用脉冲激光沉积 (PLD)法在Si衬底上生长c轴取向LiNbO3 (LN)晶体薄膜 ,研究氧气压强对薄膜质量的影响。结果表明 ,氧压是生长c轴择优取向LN薄膜的一个重要影响参数。X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜分析表明 ,氧压为 30Pa时生长得到了完全c轴取向的LN薄膜 ,LN(0 0 6 )衍射峰的半高宽为 0 2 1°。这是首次报道不施加缓冲层和诱导电场采用PLD技术在硅衬底上生长出了结晶质量良好的完全c轴取向的LN薄膜     

氧分压对直流磁控溅射制备 ZnO:Ga透明导电薄膜特性的影响

通过直流反应磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备了掺镓ZnO（ZnO：Ga）透明导电薄膜，研究了氧分压对ZnO：Ga透明导电薄膜结构和电光学性能的影响．X射线衍射结果表明所制备的薄膜具有c轴择优取向的六角多晶结构．ZnO：Ga透明导电薄膜的晶粒尺寸强烈依赖于氧分压的大小，随着氧分压的增大薄膜的晶粒尺寸先增大后减小，在氧分压为0．30Pa时沉积的ZnO：Ga薄膜半高宽最小，晶粒尺寸最大．薄膜的电阻率随着氧分压的增大先减小后增大，沉积薄膜的最低电阻率可达3．50×10^-4Ω·cm．此外，所有ZnO：Ga薄膜在可见光范围内的平均透射率均超过90％．     

RF溅射钕掺杂ZnO薄膜工艺与结构研究

通过射频磁控溅射技术在Si(111)衬底上制备了未掺杂和Nd掺杂ZnO薄膜,研究了衬底温度、氧分压以及Nd不同掺杂浓度等工艺参数对薄膜的影响.薄膜的结构和表面形貌通过XRD分析和AFM观测,表明制备的薄膜为ZnO:Nd纳米多晶薄膜,其表面形貌粗糙,不同沉积条件对薄膜生长有很大的影响.在纯氩气氛中、衬底温度为300℃的条件下,ZnO:Nd薄膜具有c轴择优取向.     

反应沉积法制备c轴取向ZnO薄膜及表征

以二水合醋酸Zn为原料 ,采用反应沉积方法在非晶玻璃衬底上制备出了高度c轴取向、结晶良好的ZnO薄膜。研究了不同衬底温度和Zn源温度对ZnO薄膜性质的影响 ,探讨了不同衬底温度和Zn源温度下生长ZnO薄膜的最佳参数。本文还讨论了该方法制备ZnO薄膜的沉积机制及优化条件下样品的透光特性。     

热交换器的分类及优缺点分析

热交换器是将不同温度介质之间的热量通过热传导的形式,由高温介质传递给低温介质,使介质达到生产所需温度的工艺设备,也可作为一种节能设备使用.通过对不同热交换器的结构分析,总结不同热交换器的优缺点、适用环境,为生产工艺设计人员及设备制造单位在选择可降低能耗、提高效率的设备上提供参考.     

聚苯胺及其复合物的制备和结构及形貌分析

通过化学氧化法分别制备盐酸,盐酸和十二烷基苯磺酸,碳纳米管(MWNTs-COOH)掺杂的聚苯胺,利用红外光谱,紫外光谱,扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对所制备聚苯胺的结构和形貌进行分析。分析不同掺杂物对聚苯胺的结构和形貌的影响;同时研究了超声波作用对聚苯胺形貌以及聚苯胺包裹MWNTs-COOH情况的影响。     

Modelling and computation of curing and damage of thermosets

The curing of thermosets is a complex process involving the transition from a fluid into a (visco-) elastic solid. This phase transition comes along with an increase in stiffness and a volume shrinkage of the polymer. The latter may lead to severe residual strains and stresses, which in turn can cause damage in the final, usually quasi-brittle material. In this contribution a constitutive model is developed which takes into account the curing of a thermosetting material together with the process-induced damage as resulting from curing shrinkage. The curing of the material is governed by a phenomenological hypoelastic constitutive equation which includes temporal evolutions for stiffness and volume shrinkage. Thermal and viscous effects are neglected in the present study. An isotropic gradient-enhanced damage model is adapted to describe the damage evolution. The curing-damage model is implemented into a finite element code and numerical examples for thermosetting materials demonstrate that the proposed model is capable to predict cure-induced damage in thermosets.     

Thermodynamic similarity and prediction of the properties and characteristics of substances and processes

Principles of the theory of thermodynamic similarity are considered in application to all aggregate states of a substance, including phase transitions, and to the change in dissipative structures in open systems.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 709–716, November, 1987.     

Mechanisms of Corosion and Oxidation of Metals and Alloys

Selected topics in field of the study of the mechanisms of corrosion and of oxidation of metals or alloys are presented. The first part reports a new model for the mechanism of the breakaway oxidation of ferritic stainless steels in water vapour. The second part is devoted to the physico‐chemical aspects of oxidation and presents experimental methods useful in the kinetic modelling applied to two alloys, the zircalloy‐4 and an AlMg5 % in the liquid state. In the third part the physical and numerical modelling of the stress corrosion cracking behaviour in face‐centered cubic (fcc) alloys is detailed, which enables the study of the influence of macroscopic parameters (such as the temperature or hydrogen activity) on the fracture process.     

碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化研究现状及其展望

碳化硼陶瓷具有极高的硬度,然而其低韧性、低抗弯强度、难以致密化限制了它的广泛应用.已有一些研究集中于碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化,对这一方面国内外研究进展进行了归纳与评述,阐明各种增韧补强和致密化方法的优缺点,提出碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化研究值得发展的一些方向.     

Measurement and analysis of elastic and anelastic properties of alumina and silicon carbide

Measurements of dynamic Young's modulus, E, and damping as a function of temperature, T, were made for alumina and silicon carbide. The Young's modulus data were compared with some from the literature, and analysed in terms of a theoretical framework relating the Debye temperature, θD, with the elastic constants. For both materials this analysis yielded a ratio T₀/θ_D which was near 0.4, where T₀ is an empirical fitting constant for the plot of (E(0)−E)/T versus 1/T (E(0) is the value of E at 0 K). The analysis of the damping data in terms of an Arrhenius type dependence led to effective activation energies near kT, where k is Boltzmann's constant. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Preparation and characterization of phosphate and arsenate apatites of strontium and their solid solutions

Samples of phosphate and arsenate apatites of strontium and six of their solid solutions, spread over the entire compositional range, were prepared by a wet method. They were characterized by chemical, X-ray, electron microscopic and infrared analyses. The validity of Vegard's law established the homogeneity of the solid solutions.     

检定和校准证书的异同与应用

本文介绍了检定和校准以及证书的两点相同、五点不同之处,说明了对检定证书和校准证书的正确应用。