绝热温度对超重力场燃烧合成TiC-TiB2组织及性能的影响

通过在(Ti+B4C)体系中引入相应含量的(CrO3+Al)高能铝热剂,采用超重力场燃烧合成,在不同绝热温度下制备出具有不同含量Cr基合金相的TiC-TiB2复合陶瓷。XRD、FESEM和EDS分析表明,TiC-TiB2复合陶瓷主要由TiB2片晶与不规则的TiC晶粒组成,少量的Al2O3夹杂颗粒孤立地分布于陶瓷基体上,而Cr基合金相则分布于TiB2片晶与不规则TiC晶粒周围。增加燃烧合成绝热温度,因增加了陶瓷熔体中的Cr基合金相含量,不仅促进陶瓷致密化,而且促使陶瓷凝固组织细化,使得TiB2片晶诱发的裂纹偏转、裂纹桥接、片晶拔出及Cr基合金相所引起的延性相增韧随之增强,进而使陶瓷断裂韧度与抗弯强度增大。     

Cr对超重力场燃烧合成TiC-TiB_2复合陶瓷凝固行为的影响

采用超重力场燃烧合成技术,以Ti+B4C为主反应体系,同时辅以不同含量的CrO3+Al增强体系,制备出不同Cr含量的TiC-TiB2复合陶瓷。XRD、FESEM与EDS分析表明,所得TiC-TiB2复合陶瓷主要由大量细小的TiB2片晶、TiC球晶构成,富Cr金属相多与TiB2片晶交织在一起。随着CrO3+Al含量增加,体系绝热温度升高,TiC-TiB2复合陶瓷中富Cr金属相体积分数逐渐增加。分析认为,超重力场下燃烧反应完成后,得到Ti-Cr-C-B合金液相,在冷却凝固过程中,TiC率先形核析出,TiB2随后析出,Cr及少量未反应Ti最后析出,并对TiB2片晶形成的骨架结构进行补缩,从而提高了TiC-TiB2复合陶瓷的致密性。     

超重力下燃烧合成TiC(Ti,W)C1-x基细晶复合陶瓷研究

采用超重力下自挤压辅助燃烧合成技术,以快速凝固方式制备出TiC-(Ti,W)C1-x基细晶复合陶瓷.XRD、FESEM与EDS结果表明,TiC基复合陶瓷基体主要由球状的TiC细晶构成,同时在TiC-(Ti,W)C1-x基体问还分布着少量的TiB2片晶、(Cr,W,Ti)3B2及Al2O5残余夹杂物.由于超重力的引入,促...     

绝热燃烧温度对TiC-TiB2复合陶瓷力学性能的影响

以B4C粉、Ti粉、CrO3粉以及Al粉为原料,采用超重力下自挤压辅助燃烧合成技术,以快速凝固方式制备出不同绝热燃烧温度的TiC-TiB2复合陶瓷.力学性能测试表明,不同绝热燃烧温度的TiC-TiB2复合陶瓷的相对密度均达到了96％以上,当绝热燃烧温度分别为3 500℃和3 600℃时,陶瓷的维式硬度和断裂韧性分别达到最高的18.4 GPa和14.7MPa·m-0.5.     

超高重力场燃烧合成TiC-TiB_2的组织变质与断裂行为

采用超高重力场燃烧合成工艺,并从500 g到2 500 g每间隔500 g依次增大超重力场加速度,制备系列TiC-TiB2凝固陶瓷。经XRD、FESEM和EDS分析,发现陶瓷显微组织均由片晶的TiB2基体相、不规则的TiC第二相及少量的Al2O3夹杂与Cr基金属相组成。增大超重力场加速度,反应熔体内部各组份之间的对流(Stokes)加强,可加快Al2O3液滴的上浮与分离,促进TiC-TiB2-Me液相成分均匀化,使陶瓷显微组织得以细化,且当超重力场加速度超过2 000 g时,出现TiB2片晶厚度小于1μm的超细晶组织,同时随陶瓷基体上Al2O3夹杂量降低、TiB2片晶异常长大弱化,陶瓷组织均匀性提高。经FESEM断口形貌与裂纹扩展观察,发现TiB2基体相的裂纹桥接与拔出,并耦合晶间Cr基延性相增韧构成陶瓷的复合增韧机制,且随超重力场加速度增大,陶瓷的致密性与组织均质性得以提升,不仅促进TiB2基体相裂纹桥接与拔出,而且可增大Cr基延性对陶瓷增韧的贡献,使得陶瓷弯曲强度与断裂韧性分别同时达到最大值(975±16)MPa和(16.8±1.2)MPa·m1/2。     

TiC-TiB2复相陶瓷的自蔓延高温合成研究

以Ti、B和C粉末为原料,采用SHS/PHIP工艺制备了不同组份的TiC-TiB2复相陶瓷,通过试验研究了复相陶瓷的微观结构特征和力学性能.结果表明,SHS反应产物纯净,TiC-TiB2复相陶瓷中只有TiC和TiB2两相存在;随着TiB2含量的增加,复相陶瓷中TiC颗粒尺寸变小,而TiB2颗粒有异常长大现象;TiC-TiB2复相陶瓷的相对密度、硬度和横向断裂强度均随TiB2含量的增加呈先增后减趋势;当TiB2与TiC的重量比为60%时,该复相陶瓷的横向断裂强度和断裂韧度分别为576MPa和5.45MPa·m1/2,而相对密度达到99.4%.     

TiC-TiB2陶瓷与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢超重力场燃烧合成焊接研究

采用超重力场燃烧合成技术,通过在燃烧体系底部放入一定厚度的1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢板,在制备高性能TiC-TiB2凝固陶瓷的同时,实现了陶瓷—不锈钢的部分熔化扩散焊,进而制备出了陶瓷—金属层状复合材料.经FESEM观察,陶瓷—不锈钢之间存在原子互扩散现象,在扩散过渡层区形成了富钛碳化物呈相间分布且细小的TiB2镶嵌其上的凝固组织.同时,在陶瓷侧存在Al2O3夹杂.     

Ti-B-C体系复相陶瓷的制备及性能研究

以Ti、B和C粉末为原料,采用自蔓延高温合成工艺制备了不同组份的TiC-TiB2复相陶瓷.分析了不同TiB2含量材料的力学性能、断口形貌和裂纹扩展情况,研究表明:TiC-TiB2复相陶瓷比其单相陶瓷材料的断裂韧度有较大提高,当n(TiB2):n(TiC )= 56.4:43.6,该复相陶瓷的弯曲强度和断裂韧度达到最大值,且相对密度高达99.4%;长棒状TiB2颗粒能有效改善材料的断裂韧度和强度,其强化机理主要为裂纹偏转和拔出效应.     

Al2O3/Cr3C2/(W,Ti)C陶瓷模具材料研究

应用热压技术制备了添加不同含量Cr3C2和（W，Ti）C的Al2O3／Cr3C2／（W，Ti）C复合陶瓷材料。利用光学显微镜、环境扫描电镜、透射电镜和能谱分析仪等对～203／30％Cr3C2、Al2O3／30％（W，Ti）C、Al2O3／20％Cr3C2／10％（W，Ti）C三种复合陶瓷材料的显微组织结构进行了观察分析。研究表明：同其它两种材料相比，Al2O3／20％Cr3C2／10％（W，Ti）C陶瓷复合材料组织细化均匀，有连续骨架结构生成。Cr3G和（W，Ti）C颗粒的共同加入有利于晶粒生长的制约，裂纹分枝与偏转、晶粒拔出、以及纳米相等等，有效提高了氧化铝陶瓷材料的力学性能。     

制备复相结构陶瓷坯件的自反应喷射成形工艺研究

以Ti粉、B4C粉和蔗糖(C的前驱体)为原料,采用自反应喷射成形技术在石墨模具内制备了Ti(C,N)-TiB2复相结构陶瓷坯件,研究了自反应喷射成形技术中几个关键工艺参数如气粉质量流率比(G/C值)、喷射距离和喷射团聚粉预热温度对制备该复相陶瓷坯件的影响。研究表明,对喷射沉积坯件孔隙度影响由主到次的参数依次为G/C值、喷射距离和预热温度。正交试验结果得出,利用Ti-B4C-蔗糖体系制备Ti(C,N)-TiB2复相陶瓷坯件的最佳工艺条件是:G/C值为11、喷射距离为220mm,复合粉预热温度为210℃。所制备复相陶瓷坯件组织结构均匀、致密,主要由TiC0.3N0.7、TiB2与TiO2相及少量孔隙组成;其中TiC0.3N0.7和TiB2为主相,TiO2为副产物相;坯件孔隙度为2.9%,维氏硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧度分别为17.3GPa、387MPa和6.0MPa.m1/2。     

Synthesis of TiC–TiB–TiB2 composite powders by solid reaction of powders

In the present work, TiC–TiB–TiB₂ diffusion-layer-coated B₄C composite powders were synthesised via a powder immersion method using Ti and B₄C powders as reactants. The phase compositions and microstructure of the treated powders were characterised by employing X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. No significant reaction between B₄C and Ti could be detected at 800°C. After treatment at 900°C, the products generated were composed of TiC and TiB. After treatment at 1000°C, the products generated were primarily composed of TiC and TiB, with a small amount of TiB₂. The composition and proportions of the produced phases varied with process temperatures and the composition of the initial powders used. Powder mixtures with a Ti/B₄C molar ratio of 3.5:1 and treated at 1000°C for 14?h were more suitable for synthesis of TiC–TiB–TiB₂-coated B₄C composite powders.     

Combustion synthesis of Fe3Al/TiC composite powders

Abstract

A mixture of (FeTi₂+C)+10 at-%Al based on stoichiometry of Fe₃Al+TiC was used for a combustion front quenching test. The microstructural evolution during combustion synthesis was analysed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. The phase constituents of the product were evaluated by X-ray diffraction. At first, Al powders were melted at 933 K and surrounded FeTi₂ particles and carbon powders. When the temperature increased to 1358 K, FeTi₂ melted, and Al and C dissolved in Fe and Ti. Then, solid–liquid and liquid–liquid reactions took place, and TiC and Fe₃Al formed. At least at 1723 K, the iron aluminide phase surrounded large TiC particles. Because of formation of TiC_0·95, a small amount of carbon remained in matrix and reacted with Fe₃Al and formed Fe₃AlC. Based on these results, the mechanism of the Fe₃Al–TiC combustion synthesis could be described with a ternary solution precipitation mechanism.     

TiH2对TiB2自蔓延高温合成过程的影响

采用纯Ｔｉ粉或氢化钛粉、Ａｌ粉及Ｂ粉混合后进行整体加热，使其发生自蔓延高温反应，合成了ＴｉＢ２粉末。研究了氢化钛粉及合成温度对ＴｉＢ２合成反应过程的影响，探讨了ＴｉＢ２粒子的形成机理。     

Combustion synthesis of Fe–Al/TiC composite powders and effect of Al content on its characteristics

Abstract

In this work, combustion synthesis of ferrotitanium–Al–C powder mixtures with different compositions was carried out to synthesise Fe–Al/TiC composites. Differential thermal analysis was performed on the precursor powder from ambient temperature to 1673 K at a heating rate of 30 K min^?1. Phase development and structural changes were investigated by X-ray diffraction technique and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that no trace of TiAl_x (x?=?1, 3) was formed in all samples, and the reaction of (Ti–Fe)–Al–C system took place in the following two steps: first, molten Al and Fe reacted exothermically to form Fe–Al intermetallic compound. Second, the produced heat melted the ferrotitanium with lower Fe content and resulted in a liquid containing Ti, Fe, Al and C. TiC formed in all samples, but depending on the Al content, different phases containing FeAl₂, FeAl, Fe₃Al, Fe₃AlC_x and α-Fe formed as phases of matrix. The mixture with the lower Al content gave out a higher combustion temperature.     

Improvement of hardness and wear resistance of (TiC,TiB)/Ti-6Al-4V surface-alloyed materials fabricated by high-energy electron-beam irradiation

The objective of this study is to investigate microstructure, hardness, and wear properties of three kinds of (TiC,TiB)/Ti-6Al-4V surface-alloyed materials fabricated by high-energy electron-beam irradiation. The mixtures of Ti+C, TiC+TiB₂, and Ti+B₄C powders and CaF₂ flux were deposited on a Ti-6A1-4V substrate, and then high-energy electron beam was irradiated on these mixtures. The surface-alloyed layers of 0.9 to 1.6 mm in thickness were homogeneously formed, and contained a large amount (30 to 44 vol. pct) of hard precipitates such as TiC and TiB in the martensitic matrix. This microstructural modification improved the hardness and wear resistance of the surface-alloyed layer 2 times and 6 to 9 times, respectively, greater than that of the substrate. Particularly, the surface-alloyed material fabricated with Ti+B₄C powders had a larger volume fraction of TiB and TiC homogeneously distributed in the martensitic matrix, and thus showed the best hardness and wear resistance. These findings suggested that the surface-alloying using high-energy electron-beam irradiation was economical and useful for the development of titanium-base surface-alloyed materials with improved hardness and wear properties.     

Al2O3/AlTiC/ZrO2/透辉石陶瓷材料的力学性能及微观结构

将金属Al、Al3Ti和TiC以AlTiC中间合金的形式以及ZrO2颗粒共同引入Al2O3基体材料中,热压制备了Al2O3/TiC/ZrO2/AlN复合材料.在此基础上,添加(体积分数)1%透辉石作为烧结助剂,以实现复合材料的液相烧结并促进其致密化程度.复合材料在烧结过程中有新相AlN生成;同时Al、TiC以及Al3Ti释放的Ti原子发生原子重组生成Al2Ti4C.对热压后材料的硬度、断裂韧度和抗弯强度进行了测试和分析;探讨了透辉石对材料致密化程度及力学性能的影响效果;研究了复合材料断面断裂方式的变化对其力学性能的影响;并对AlTiC中间合金的细化特性进行了分析.     

自蔓延高温合成Ti3AlC2陶瓷材料

以Ti、Al、C、TiC粉末为原料,研究掺杂Si及Al含量对自蔓延高温合成Ti3AlC2的影响,合成材料的X射线衍射仪(XRD)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析结果表明:物质的量比n(Ti)∶n(Al)∶n(C)∶n(TiC)∶n(Si)=2∶1.2∶1∶0.9∶0.1的原始混合粉末,经50 MPa压力压制的压坯在空气中...     

Al-TiC Composites Fabricated by a Thermally Activated Reaction Process in an Al Melt Using Al-Ti-C-CuO Powder Mixtures. Part I: Microstructural Evolution and Reaction Mechanism

Al matrix composites reinforced with TiC particles are fabricated by a thermally activated reaction of Al-Ti-C powder mixtures in an Al melt. In the presence of CuO, reactant mixtures in the form of a pellet added to molten Al at temperatures higher than 1093 K (820 °C) instantly reach the peak temperature over 1785 K (1512 °C), followed by combustion wave propagation with in situ synthesizing TiC with a size of approximately 1 μm. Incomplete reaction products such as unreacted C, Al₃Ti, and TiC aggregates are also observed. The pellet microstructure evolution upon the combustion reaction indicates that preheating temperature, i.e., the initial melt temperature, affects both the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of the reaction, and thereby influences the final microstructure of the Al/TiC composites. Based on the experimental and theoretical results, a sequence of the reaction leading upto the in situ synthesis of TiC is illustrated and the corresponding mechanism for the present process is proposed.