动态供应链与控制问题研究进展

首先,阐述了在新的信息网络,特别是无线射频识别技术(RFID)环境下,供应链系统动态情景问题;然后,讨论了动态供应链运作特性问题,并分析了动态供应链系统中经典控制,最优控制,模型预测控制,鲁棒控制等问题;最后,指出了动态供应链系统与控制进一步研究的几个问题.

     

自适应控制对多级库存延迟问题的优化研究

针对在随机需求下交货延迟所导致供应链多级库存系统库存积压、缺货和牛鞭效应等问题,建立了基于自适应控制算法的多级库存动态优化模型。通过泰勒展开和拉布拉斯变换建立了基于APIOBPCS策略考虑延迟的动态多级库存控制模型;由Lyapunov渐进稳定性定理设计了一种适用于多级库存的模型参考自适应控制算法,其中以无交货延迟的参考库存模型作为目标,通过调节线性补偿函数和自适应控制率,逐渐缩小实际库存模型与参考库存模型间的输出误差,以此削弱交货延迟对多级库存模型的影响;通过实证数据验证了模型参考自适应控制对一个三级供应链库存系统的动态优化效果。仿真结果表明,自适应控制下的无信息共享多级APIOBPCS库存系统缺货全部归零,牛鞭效应下降40.7%。在不增加企业运营投入的前提下,通过自适应控制算法,优化资源配置,动态削弱了交货延迟对多级库存的影响,提升了供应链运营效率。     

时滞和参数不确定的供应链动态模型及其鲁棒H∞控制

研究了不确定环境下的供应链运作问题,并建立了具有生产时滞、成本参数和需求不确定性的供应链动态模型.分析了供应链的鲁棒运作,采用鲁棒H∞控制策略和线性矩阵不等式(LMI)算法处理供应链系统鲁棒运作问题.借助供应链库存状态的静态反馈控制,使供应链动态系统达到抑制不确定性干扰的作用,并使供应链运作达到理想总成本.最后,通过仿真计算验证了所得结果.     

基于碳排放限额和低碳销售努力的博弈模型分析及控制

以双渠道供应链为研究对象,在考虑碳排放限额和低碳销售努力的基础上,分别构建单周期静态博弈模型和多周期动态博弈模型,研究最优决策和系统稳定性问题.在静态模型中,给出集中决策和分散决策下的最优策略解析式;在动态模型中,探究博弈系统的局部渐近稳定性条件,讨论时滞等参数对系统稳定性的影响,并对失稳系统进行有效控制. 研究表明:提高碳排放限额能够增加供应链系统利润;随着低碳销售努力的增加,供应链系统利润和制造商利润均呈下降趋势;不合理的延迟策略将导致系统失去稳定.     

时滞和参数不确定的供应链动态模型及其鲁棒H∞控制

研究了不确定环境下的供应链运作问题，并建立了具有生产时滞、成本参数和需求不确定性的供应链动态模型．分析了供应链的鲁棒运作，采用鲁棒H∞控制策略和线性矩阵不等式（LMI）算法处理供应链系统鲁棒运作问题．借助供应链库存状态的静态反馈控制，使供应链动态系统达到抑制不确定性干扰的作用，并使供应链运作达到理想总成本．最后，通过仿真计算验证了所得结果．     

两级供应链动态模型及其鲁棒H∞控制

针对由一个制造商和一个销售商构成的两级供应链系统,建立了具有生产时滞、成本参数和需求不确定性的供应链动态模型,分析了不确定环境下供应链鲁棒H∞控制的运作管理意义,给出了解决供应链动态模型的鲁棒H∞控制策略和线性矩阵不等式(LMI)算法,并进行了数值算例验证结果。研究表明,通过制造商和销售商库存状态的静态反馈控制,可使供应链动态系统有效地抑制多种不确定性干扰,并使供应链运作达到理想总成本,从而为企业应对不确定性扰动提供了鲁棒性策略。     

基于企业产品供应链的信息集成模型

本文针对现代企业间基于企业网络的信息集成问题提出了一个种体系结构：供应链系统－决策支持系统－支撑系统。围绕着体系结构,主要讲座了几个关键技术：供应链系统,基于敏捷供链的动态企业联盟;决策支持技术;企业间信息集成的支撑技术。     

动态供应链管理系统的风险管理及安全控制

由于动态供应链具有组成企业的动态性、地理分布性、系统管理的复杂性和蕴含高风险性等特点,动态供应链管理系统的风险管理就显得尤为重要。动态供应链管理系统的风险管理包含三个过程:风险评估、风险减缓、系统检测与再评估。风险管理的目的是为了减缓风险。通过安全控制可以达到降低风险的目的,动态供应链管理系统安全控制包括三方面内容:技术类安全控制、管理类安全控制和操作类安全控制。     

基于系统动力学的大型客机供应链质量管控契约优化

研究再制造视角下我国大型客机供应链质量控制问题.根据大型客机制造三级供应链中供应商、主制造商及销售商的运作特点,刻画三者内在的动力学参数特征;构建基于质量奖惩和成本分摊的供应链控制契约,建立主制造商质量控制契约协调优化规则;设计大型客机供应链质量控制仿真的系统动力学模型;以液压系统为例仿真分析管控策略,并通过对比分析得出管控策略的有效性.     

动态供应链管理系统的风险管理及安全控制

由于动态供应链具有组成企业的动态性、地理分布性、系统管理的复杂性和蕴含高风险性等特点,动态供应链管理系统的风险管理就显得尤为重要。动态供应链管理系统的风险管理包含三个过程：风险评估、风险减缓、系统检测与再评估。风险管理的目的是为了减缓风险。通过安全控制可以达到降低风险的目的,动态供应链管理系统安全控制包括三方面内容：技术类安全控制、管理类安全控制和操作类安全控制。     

基于Multi-agent系统架构的供应链绩效指标体系

分析了有关构建供应链绩效评价体系的研究现状,指出了其存在的问题。以零售商为主导的供应链中服务绩效体系为例,提出了基于Multi-agent系统研究供应链绩效评价体系的方法。该方法考虑了供应链关系的动态性和复杂性等特点,是对供应链未来绩效进行前瞻性管理的有效方法。     

Dynamic supply chain scheduling

Based on a combination of fundamental results of modern optimal program control theory and operations research, an original approach to supply chain scheduling is developed in order to answer the challenges of dynamics, uncertainty, and adaptivity. Both supply chain schedule generation and execution control are represented as an optimal program control problem in combination with mathematical programming and interpreted as a dynamic process of operations control within an adaptive framework. Hence, the problems and models of planning, scheduling, and adaptation can be consistently integrated on a unified mathematical axiomatic of modern control theory. In addition, operations control and flow control models are integrated and applicable for both discrete and continuous processes. The application of optimal control for supply chain scheduling becomes possible by formulating the scheduling model as a linear non-stationary finite-dimensional controlled differential system with the convex area of admissible control and a reconfigurable structure. For this model class, theorems of optimal control existence can be used regarding supply chain scheduling. The essential structural property of this model are the linear right parts of differential equations. This allows applying methods of discrete optimization for optimal control calculation. The calculation procedure is based on applying Pontryagin’s maximum principle and the resulting essential reduction of problem dimensionality that is under solution at each instant of time. The gained insights contribute to supply chain scheduling theory, providing advanced insights into dynamics of the whole supply chains (and not any dyadic relations in them) and transition from a partial “one-way” schedule optimization to the feedback loop-based dynamic and adaptive supply chain planning and scheduling.     

敏捷制造ERP中的关键优化问题及其数学模型

敏捷制造企业对供应链计划、动态联盟的组成与风险利润分配等多种功能的需要，带来了一系列新的优化问题，研究了对其中的几个相关的优化问题，建立了新产品投入时间计划，动态结盟的伙伴企业挑选、供应链的分肖网络设计，风险防范投资，分布式多工厂生产计划，以及分布式仓库存储控制等问题的数学模型，对模型可能的求解方法进行了探讨，模型与算法已成功应用到开发中的面向敏捷制造的ERP系统中。     

Dynamic mobile RFID-based supply chain control and management system in construction

Construction project control attempts to effectively obtain real-time information and enhance dynamic control and management via information sharing and analysis from involved participants of the projects to reduce construction conflicts and project delay. However, extending the construction project control system to job sites is considered inefficient since construction sites are unconventional practice. Integrating promising information technologies such as radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, mobile devices-PDA and web portals can help improve the effectiveness and convenience of information flow in construction supply chain control systems. Radio frequency identification is appropriate for various construction applications, and provides cost savings through increased speed and accuracy of data entry. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a RFID-based supply chain management application called the mobile construction RFID-based dynamic supply chain management (M-ConRDSCM) system in construction projects, demonstrating that it responds efficiently and enhances the information flow among offices and sites in a construction supply chain environment. The M-ConRDSCM system is then applied to a selected case study involving a High-Tech factory building in Taiwan to verify the proposed methodology and demonstrate the effectiveness of information sharing of project control in the construction phase. The advantage of the M-ConRDSCM system lies not only in improving work efficiency for on-site engineers, but also in providing dynamic operation control and management to enable project participants to control the whole project. Moreover, this study presents a generic system architecture and its implementation.     

水环境实时自动监测系统的设计与实现

该文首先简要讲述了水环境实时自动监测系统中应用到的一些先进技术,集散控制(DCS)、现场总线、可编程控制器(PLC)等;接着对水环境实时自动监测系统提出了设计实施原则,并进行了功能分析;在此基础上,提出了分散式水环境监控和集中式水环境监控两种系统结构,并进行了比较分析;最后,介绍了监控组态软件的应用。该文的重点是利用无源选通对集中式水环境监控进行优化,以适应当前我国水环境监控的需要。     

基于供应链的企业信息系统集成设计

企业信息系统集成的体系结构可以考虑从纵向和横向两个方面进行研究。以纵向的观点,在系统的开发设计过程中,结合系统工程与软件工程引入供应链的三链（决策链、支撑链、主链）并使其贯穿于系统开发设计过程的始终;以横向的观点,建立在供应链上的各企业的信息集成可以通过计算机协同工作、人工智能、数据库等技术实现,供应链上的每一个生产单元均是虚拟企业,它们均可以以计算机可以识别的信息进行描述与表示,企业的集成实际上就是这样一些信息企业内部及供应链上（企业之间）进行动态或静态的数据集成。同时,针对任务的转换与分解、智能体系设计、数据组织与管理体系设计等问题分别进行了相应的讨论。     

Real-time supply chain control via multi-agent adjustable autonomy

Real-time supply chain management in a rapidly changing environment requires reactive and dynamic collaboration among participating entities. In this work, we model supply chain as a multi-agent system where agents are subject to an adjustable autonomy. The autonomy of an agent refers to its capability to make and influence decisions within a multi-agent system. Adjustable autonomy means changing the autonomy of the agents during runtime as a response to changes in the environment. In the context of a supply chain, different entities will have different autonomy levels and objective functions as the environment changes, and the goal is to design a real-time control technique to maintain global consistency and optimality. We propose a centralized fuzzy framework for sensing and translating environmental changes to the changes in autonomy levels and objectives of the agents. In response to the changes, a coalition-formation algorithm will be executed to allow agents to negotiate and re-establish global consistency and optimality. We apply our proposed framework to two supply chain control problems with drastic changes in the environment: one in controlling a military hazardous material storage facility under peace-to-war transition, and the other in supply management during a crisis (such as bird-flu or terrorist attacks). Experimental results show that by adjusting autonomy in response to environmental changes, the behavior of the supply chain system can be controlled accordingly.     

基于面向服务架构的敏捷供应链信息集成研究

在分析敏捷供应链信息系统的特性及需求的基础上结合Web Service技术和面向服务架构（SOA）思想,从生命周期角度描述了整个敏捷供应链信息集成的整个生命周期过程,并且提出了基于面向服务架构和Web Service实现技术的信息集成系统框架,简要分析了如何采用Web Service技术来实现整个系统,分析了实现过程中可能遇到的实际问题及将来进一步的研究方向.     

Applicability of optimal control theory to adaptive supply chain planning and scheduling

Decisions in supply chain planning and control are interconnected and depend on tackling uncertainties and dynamics. From this perspective, control theory (CT) is an interesting research avenue for the supply chain management (SCM). In this paper, the applicability of optimal CT to SCM is investigated. Our analysis is based on the fundamentals of control and systems theory and experimental modeling. The paper describes important issues and perspectives that delineate dynamics in supply chains, identifies and systemizes different streams in application of CT to production, logistics, and SCM in the period from 1960 to 2011. It derives some classifications, performs a critical analysis, and discusses further researches. Some drawbacks and missing links in the literature are pointed out. Several crucial application areas of control theory to SCM are discussed. Subsequently, optimal program control, challenges and advantages of its application in the SCM are addressed. It is shown how optimal program control can be applied to adaptive supply chain planning. In addition, it is concluded that with the help of CT, robustness, adaptability, and resilience of supply chains can be investigated in their consistency with operations planning and execution control within a conceptually and mathematically integrated framework. However, although SCs resemble control systems, they have some peculiarities which do not allow a direct application of CT methods. In this setting, further development of interdisciplinary approaches to supply chain optimization is argued. An extended co-operation between control and supply chain experts may have the potential to introduce more realism to the dynamic planning and models and improve real-time supply chain control policies.