频谱泄漏校正的多频实信号频率估计算法

为抑制多频实信号中负频率频谱泄漏和正频率频谱间相互泄漏对频率估计的影响,提出一种频谱泄漏校正的频率估计算法。利用FFT法对采样信号进行预处理,得到每个分量的频谱索引;对信号频谱进行插值分析,构造所有负频率和非待估计正频率的频谱插值;采用相减策略将信号频谱插值和构造的频谱插值相减,得到抑制了频谱泄漏的待估计正频率频谱插值;对生成的频谱插值进行分析,得到各分量频谱偏移量估计值;经迭代计算得到各分量精确的频率、幅值和初相位估计值。在不同频率间隔、不同信噪比等条件下的仿真实验结果表明:所提算法具有良好的频率估计性能,有效抑制了频谱泄漏的影响,提高了多频实信号的频率估计精度,使得频率估计值的均方误差更接近于克拉美罗下限。此外,在LFMCW雷达实验平台上进行了测距实验,检验了所提算法的实际应用效果。     

调频初相位补偿的广义Warblet变换时频分析

信号时频分析的长时间窗时频分析法通常可提高输出信噪比和频率分辨率,但对于调频信号,会降低线谱时频能量聚集度并影响瞬时频率估计。对于调频信号广义Warblet变换(Generalized Warblet Transform,GWT),具有较短时傅里叶变换(Short Time Fourier Transform,STFT)更优的时频分析性能,但在长时间窗分析时,调频初相位估计误差会使算法性能下降甚至失效。针对该问题,提出调频初相位补偿的GWT(Frequency Modulation Initial Phase CompensationGWT,FMIPC-GWT)时频分析方法。在调频参数估计时将一半时间窗长所经过的相位补偿到调频初相位中,提高调频参数估计的准确性以增加瞬时频率估计精度。仿真和实验数据验证了,相比STFT法和GWT法,FMIPC-GWT法对于非线性调频信号时频分析性能更优。FMIPC-GWT法在调频信号线谱检测与瞬时频率估计等方面具有应用前景。     

几种基于FFT的频率估计方法精度分析

介绍了噪声背景中正弦信号频率估计的方差下限，对利用FFT主瓣内两条幅度最大谱线进行插值的频率估计方法（Rife-Jane方法和Quinn方法）以及利用FFT相位进行频率插值的方法（分段FFT相位差法和重叠FFT相位差法）的方差进行了理论分析，推导了Quinn方法的频率估计方差计算公式．提出了通过滤波进一步提高分段FFT相位差法的频率估计精度的方法。通过计算机MonteCarlo模拟实验对上述各种方法的频率估计精度以及加窗函数的影响进行了分析并与理论下限进行了比较，指出了每种方法所能达到的估计精度。     

基于迭代插值的实复转换频率估计算法

为消除实信号中负频率成分对频率估计的影响,提出一种基于迭代插值的实复转换频率估计算法。通过预估计采样信号频率,构造参考信号,并通过90°相移得到采样信号的正交分量;将采样信号与其正交分量合成为复信号实现实复转换,抑制负频率成分的影响;利用迭代插值算法估计复信号的频率,重新构造参考信号并生成正交分量与复信号,并对复信号进行频率估计,得到精确的频率值。仿真实验表明:所提算法消除了负频率成分的影响,改善了抗噪性,提高了估计精度,使得频率估计的均方误差更接近于克拉美罗下限。此外,在LFMCW雷达上进行了实测实验,验证了所提算法的有效性。     

矩形窗三点插值傅里叶变换高精度频率估计方法

针对电力系统信号频率估计的高准确性要求,该文提出一种基于矩形窗的三点复频域插值频率估计方法。所提出的方法首先采用矩形窗对信号加权处理,然后进行离散傅里叶变换,最后选择离散频谱中幅度最大的三根谱线进行复频域插值,得到频率估计结果。该方法同时考虑离散频谱中的正、负频谱,消除短程和长程频谱泄漏对频率估计误差的影响。采用主瓣最窄的矩形窗进行加窗,能最大程度地减少白噪声对频率估计误差的影响。仿真和实验结果表明：在不同周期和噪声强度情况下,所提出的方法均可以实现对信号频率的准确估计。在与已有的加窗插值傅里叶变换方法相比,该文所提出的插值算法抗噪性更好、频率估计误差更小,适用于对电力系统信号频率的准确估计。     

相减策略的含噪多频实信号频率估计算法EI北大核心CSCD

为抑制频谱泄漏对多频实信号频率估计的影响,提出一种新的频率估计算法。利用FFT法和相减策略对采样信号进行处理,逐步得到各分量的频谱最大值索引,以及各分量频谱偏移量和复幅值粗略值;构造包含所有非待估计频率分量的参考信号,利用相减策略从采样信号中减去参考信号,得到待估计的单频复信号,并对其频谱进行两点插值计算,得到该分量较精确的频谱偏移量和复幅值;然后,通过相减策略和频谱分析,逐步得到所有分量较精确的频谱偏移量和复幅值;通过迭代计算得到各分量精确的频率估计值。同时,可得到各分量精确的幅值和初相位。在无噪声、不同频率间隔等条件下进行了频率仿真试验。结果表明:所提算法有效抑制了频谱泄漏的影响,提高了多频实信号的频率估计精度,频率估计值的均方误差比其他优秀算法更靠近克拉美罗下限。     

实复转换式衰减信号参数估计算法

为抑制衰减实信号中负频率成分对参数估计的影响,提出一种实复转换式参数估计算法。预估计采样信号频谱能量最大值点的索引值;构造只含有负频率成分的参考信号,并将采样信号和参考信号相减实现实复转换,以抑制负频率频谱泄漏的影响;利用频谱两点插值算法得到频率偏差、衰减因子和复幅值的粗估计值,并重新生成参考信号和复信号;通过迭代计算得到精确的频率、衰减因子、初幅值和初相位估计值。以频率估计为例的仿真实验结果表明:所提算法可有效地抑制负频率频谱泄漏的影响,提高中高信噪比条件下的频率估计精度,特别是信号频率较低时的频率估计精度,提升了频率估计的综合性能。此外,在科氏流量计中进行了实测实验,检验了所提算法的有效性。     

基于长程泄漏补偿的迭代插值FFT方法及应用

针对传统频域插值傅里叶变换参数估计精度低的问题,在分析频谱泄漏产生原理基础上,提出适用于多频信号的高精度频域迭代插值方法。该方法先利用传统插值法估算信号各频率参数,然后利用信号的估计参数值计算泄漏补偿因子,并用补偿因子重新计算信号各频率参数,最后通过多次迭代实现所需的计算精度。通过对方法的估计结果进行噪声干扰敏感性分析、参数变化对估计精度影响及对方法敏感性分析结果表明,在噪声干扰与长程泄漏明显情况下,所提方法仍具最好估计精度及稳定性,且收敛速度快,可作为改进信号参数估值精度的可选方法。对IC芯片封装中引线键合过程数据处理与分析结果表明,所提方法能较好抑制长程泄漏影响,提高参数估计精度。     

角域AR谱技术在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

利用时频分布平面内信号能量峰脊与瞬时频率之间的对应关系,对信号瞬时频率进行估计;在此基础上利用代数方法求解鉴相时标积分方程,并对经插值重采样得到的角域信号进角域平均处理,提高了角域信号的信噪比;最后对角域信号进行AR建模实现信号的阶次谱分析。实际测试结果表明:采用角域AR谱技术处理齿轮箱非平稳振动信号,能够有效地避免传统频谱方法无法解决的"频率模糊"现象,克服了传统阶次谱分辨率较低,谱线毛糙,易受噪声及轴频调制影响等缺点,对齿轮箱的早期故障有较好的识别能力。     

变时基采样锤击法高精度传递函数的估计

传统锤击法试验模态分析时面临着高采样率带来噪声干扰、频率分辨率不足的问题，应怀樵等人发明了对力锤信号使用高采样频率、对响应信号采用较低采样频率的变时基采样技术（VTB），一定程度上改善了测试结果，但仍然存在变时基采样设置不灵活，传递函数在固有频率半功率带宽里分辨率不足、精度不高的问题。基于连续傅里叶谱变换、Chirp-z变换方法，提出一种新的锤击法变时基传递函数高精度估计方法，可很好地解决传统变时基技术存在的问题。并采用数值模型、悬臂梁现场测试进行验证，结果表明所提出的算法优于传统等时间间隔采样技术，比传统变时基技术更为灵活，得到的传递函数质量较好，使得变时基采样技术具有较高的识别精度，可解决高采样率与频率分辨率不足的问题。     

Application of Wigner-Ville distribution to measurements ontransient signals

This paper deals with an application of the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) and with usual digital-processing techniques, such as the short-time Fourier transform (STFT), used in dedicated instrumentation for measuring nonstationary signals. The processed real signals are made analytic by means of Hilbert transformations; then suitable implementations of the windowed STFT and of the pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (PWVD) in the time domain have been performed. Particularly, the fast Hartley transform (FHT) is used to evaluate the PWVD in the real domain. Furthermore, the use of an efficient interpolation algorithm and of a suitable flat-top windowing function is proposed in order to give accurate real-time frequency and amplitude measurements, respectively. With this aim, a dedicated digital system was set up, which uses the LabVIEW software to create virtual instruments (VI), suitable to process the data sequences. Finally, applications of the suggested techniques in analyzing noisy data were also investigated     

基于卷积神经网络图像分类的轴承故障模式识别

针对传统的基于数据驱动的机械故障模式识别方法中需要人工构造算法提取特征以及人工构造特征提取算法繁琐的问题,结合卷积神经网络(CNN)在图像特征自动提取与图像分类识别中的广泛应用,提出了一种基于CNN图像分类的轴承故障模式识别方法。首先,利用集合经验模态分解(EEMD)方法对轴承振动信号进行自适应分解并用相关系数对得到的本征模函数分量进行筛选。其次,对筛选得到的本征模函数分量进行伪魏格纳-威利时频分析(PWVD)计算得到信号的时频分布图,并对时频图进行预处理。最后,将轴承15种不同工况预处理后的时频图利用CNN进行特征提取与分类识别。将该方法与同类方法进行了对比,分类正确率提高了4.26%。     

Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared imaging of large areas using inverted prism crystals and combining imaging and mapping

Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) imaging is a very useful tool for capturing chemical images of various materials due to the simple sample preparation and the ability to measure wet samples or samples in an aqueous environment. However, the size of the array detector used for image acquisition is often limited and there is usually a trade off between spatial resolution and the field of view (FOV). The combination of mapping and imaging can be used to acquire images with a larger FOV without sacrificing spatial resolution. Previous attempts have demonstrated this using an infrared microscope and a Germanium hemispherical ATR crystal to achieve images of up to 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm but with varying spatial resolution and depth of penetration across the imaged area. In this paper, we demonstrate a combination of mapping and imaging with a different approach using an external optics housing for large ATR accessories and inverted ATR prisms to achieve ATR-FT-IR images with a large FOV and reasonable spatial resolution. The results have shown that a FOV of 10 mm x 14 mm can be obtained with a spatial resolution of approximately 40-60 microm when using an accessory that gives no magnification. A FOV of 1.3 mm x 1.3 mm can be obtained with spatial resolution of approximately 15-20 microm when using a diamond ATR imaging accessory with 4x magnification. No significant change in image quality such as spatial resolution or depth of penetration has been observed across the whole FOV with this method and the measurement time was approximately 15 minutes for an image consisting of 16 image tiles.     

An improvement to the space resolution of charged tracks

A simple tracking method is to look for the U, X and V triple coincidences in a wire chamber, but the space resolution is in general not satisfactory. In this paper, we consider the use of space correction for the inclined planes in a chamber. The resolution can be much improved for both the proportional chamber and the drift chamber. For proportional chambers, the combination of this method and the wire-spacing “drift distance” technique, further improved the resolution.     

超平多媒体彩管用平板荫罩的设计方法

提出了一种超平多媒体彩管用平板荫罩的设计计算方法 ,既提高了管子的分辨率 ,同时不用制作新的荫罩成形模具 ,并且新管子的制作可以在普通彩色显像管的流水线上完成。通过装管试验 ,分辨率从原来的 6 0 0余线提高到近 80 0线 ,整机显示质量良好。     

Resolution analysis of a digital holography system

Although digital holography (DH) has many advantages compared to conventional holography, its resolution is limited due to CCDs or other recording devices. Three factors contribute to this limitation, namely, the pixel averaging effect within the finite detection size of one pixel, a finite CCD aperture size limitation, and the sampling effect due to a finite sampling interval. In this paper, interactions of the three factors on resolution are investigated and presented. The resolution of a DH system can be determined for given parameters of these three factors. The domains dominated by different factors are explained along with their accuracy. As a DH system is space variant, influences of object extent on resolution are also discussed. The resolution performance of in-line and off-axis systems is studied and examples of resolution determination for a practical system are provided.     

Synthesis and electroplating of high resolution insulated carbon nanotube scanning probes for imaging in liquid solutions

High resolution and isolated scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is in demand for continued development of energy storage and conversion systems involving chemical reactions at the nanoscale as well as an improved understanding of biological systems. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have large aspect ratios and, if leveraged properly, can be used to develop high resolution SPM probes. Isolation of SPM probes can be achieved by depositing a dielectric film and selectively etching at the apex of the probe. In this paper the fabrication of a high resolution and isolated SPM tip is demonstrated using electron beam induced etching of a dielectric film deposited onto an SPM tip with an attached CNT at the apex.     

有限元模拟对CdZnTe共面栅探测器的优化设计

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS，通过变化栅宽、沟宽及栅极位置等因素，模拟了共面栅探测器在不同的电极设计时的电势分布，并讨论了电极分布不对称时所产生的边缘对感应信号的影响，显示了具有优化设计的共面栅电极，可以进一步提高探测器的能量分辩率。     

双耳低频高分辨快速精确定向算法

小型被动探测节点由于成本低、布放简单等原因在水声领域应用广泛。已有的被动声测向技术在这种条件下存在定向精度低、角度分辨力差等缺点。为了解决小孔径基阵的目标快速精确定向问题及多目标分辨问题,将人类听觉系统对低频声源的定向过程与高精度时延估计算法相结合,提出双耳低频高分辨快速精确定向算法。通过理论分析和仿真与湖试数据的处理,证明算法对小孔径阵在低采样率的情况下可以对多个目标的方位进行快速精确估计,并可获得各目标的频率信息,利用频率的不同可以分辨相同方位入射的不同声源。