氧气催化氧化苯氧乙醇合成苯氧乙酸

以苯氧乙醇和氧气为原料,经催化氧化合成苯氧乙酸。用高效液相色谱仪（HPLC）进行定量分析,红外吸收光谱（FT-IR）、核磁共振(HNMR、CNMR)、气质联用（GC-MS）对产品进行了定性分析。考察了催化剂、溶剂对反应的影响,并对反应的单因素进行了考察。结果表明：N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(NHPI）为主催化剂,丁二酮肟和乙酸钴为助催化剂,乙腈是为溶剂;固定苯氧乙醇为0.1mol, NHPI用量为苯氧乙醇摩尔量的8%,催化剂配比是n(NHPI)∶n(丁二酮肟)∶n(乙酸钴)=8∶7.5∶1,0.8 MPa氧压力,80 ℃反应6 h,在此条件下,苯氧乙酸收率达68.6%。并根据GC-MS分析结果提出了可能的反应途径。     

Enhancement of catalytic activity of the ammonium/potassium salt of 12-molybdophosphoric acid by iron ion addition for the oxidation of isobutane to methacrylic acid

The oxidation of isobutane to methacrolein and methacrylic acid was carried out over potassium/ammonium salts of 12-molybdophosphoric acid (Keggin-type heteropoly compounds), with overall selectivity to the desired products higher than 50%. The addition of iron to the catalyst composition led to a substantial enhancement of the catalytic activity, with an increase in the yield to the desired products, even though the selectivity decreased. The catalysts all have a secondary cubic structure, and are stable in the reaction environment. No trace of structural decomposition was found in spent catalysts. It was found that the addition of iron led to a substantial increase in the catalyst acidity and it is proposed that the Lewis acidity might play a role in the activation of the paraffin.     

Catalytic oxidation of cyclohexene with molecular oxygen by polyoxometalate-intercalated hydrotalcites

Cyclohexene was oxidized with molecular oxygen over transition-metal-substituted polyoxometalate-intercalated hydrotalcites to produce 2-cyclohexene-1-one and 2-cyclohexene-1-ol with high selectivity under mild reaction conditions.     

气相催化丙酸与甲醛缩合反应制甲基丙烯酸

采用等体积浸渍法制备一系列Cs负载催化剂,采用XRD、ICP和物理吸附等对催化剂进行表征。在固定床反应器中进行气相催化丙酸与甲醛羟醛缩合反应制备甲基丙烯酸,以多聚甲醛解聚液为甲醛源头,考察载体种类、Cs负载量、铯源、反应温度及载气流速等对催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明,较优的工艺条件为:反应温度340℃,活性组分Cs负载质量分数10%,丙酸与甲醛物质的量比1∶2,载气N2流速60 mL·min^(-1),此条件下,催化剂具有较好的催化活性,甲基丙烯酸收率为26%,甲基丙烯酸选择性为90.4%。     

分子氧一步法氧化环己烷合成己二酸技术进展

传统的环己烷两步法生产己二酸工艺过程复杂,反应条件苟刻,能量消耗较高,且产生大量有害的NOx气体,污染环境。而以分子氧为氧化剂、环己烷为原料一步法直接合成己二酸具有工艺流程短、氧化剂廉价易得、工艺绿色环保等优点,被誉为是最有希望实现己二酸绿色生产的技术之一。根据催化体系的不同从均相催化和多相催化两个维度概述分子氧一步法氧化环己烷合成己二酸的技术进展,内容涵盖可溶性金属催化法、有机小分子催化法、分子筛催化法以及负载金属催化法等,并对各合成方法的优缺点进行对比说明。     

Selective oxidation of benzaldehyde by molecular oxygen over molybdovanadophosphoric acid supported MCM-41

A series of molybdovanadophosphoric acid (MVPA) supported on mesoporous silica was synthesized by an incipient wetness impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption?Cdesorption, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier-Transform Infra red spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV?CVis Diffused reflectance spectroscopy (UV?CVis DRS), Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and ³¹P MAS Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) study. The characterization data reveals the incorporation of vanadium in phosphomolybdic acid and retention of intact Keggin ion on the support. The catalytic activities were evaluated for oxidation of benzaldehyde using molecular oxygen as oxidant as the new green reaction system. Among all the promoted catalysts, 50wt% molybdovanadophosphoric acid supported on MCM-41 exhibits highest catalytic activity in oxidation of benzaldehyde, giving 95% conversion. Other oxidants like H₂O₂ and tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) were also tested for benzaldehyde oxidation reaction.     

CuO/C催化分子氧氧化苯偶姻类化合物的研究

苯偶酰类化合物是重要的有机化工原料 ,广泛用于光敏剂和药物的合成。苯偶姻体系氧化是制备相应苯偶酰类化合物的重要路线。已有文献报道的方法主要是有机溶剂中用 Ph3PBr2 /Me CN[1] 、DMSO/( COCl) 2 /CH2 Cl[2 ] 2 、 ( Ph CH2 -Et3N) Br-3/( Ph CO2 ) 2 O2 /Me CN[3] 、NBS/CCl[4] 4和水溶液中用硝酸 [5 ] 、金属盐[6 ,7] ,以及用金属有机化合物 [8～ 11]作氧化剂的直接氧化法。此类方法氧化剂一次性消耗 ,反应操作繁杂 ,分离提纯困难 ,环境污染物排放量大。近期有报道使用氯铬酸三甲铵 /氧化铝 [12 ] 和微波辐射 [13,1…     

Partial oxidation of methanol on TiO2- supported 12-molybdophosphate catalysts

Steam reforming of ethanol, C₂H₅OH+H₂O→2CO+4H₂, was carried out over Co/Al₂O₃, Co/SiO₂, Co/MgO, Co/ZrO₂ and Co/C. The properties of the Co catalysts were greatly affected by the supports. Co/Al₂O₃ exhibited the highest selectivity for steam reforming of ethanol by suppression of methanation of CO and decomposition of ethanol. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulphide by air over an activated carbon fibre

Activated carbon fiber (ACF), FN-200CF-15, made from coal tar, oxidized hydrogen sulphide effectively to sulphuric acid at an inlet concentration of 200 ppm and space velocity (SV = flow rate/packing volume) of 100 h⁻¹ (sulphur load 11 g-S/day kg-fiber) for one and a half months only by keeping the moisture content of ACF more than 50%. This phenomenon is different from granular activated carbon (GAC) reported previously.     

Accurate low-pressure kinetics for isobutane oxidation over phosphomolybdic acid and copper(II) phosphomolybdates

A low-pressure steady-state technique has been used to investigate the rates and mechanisms of the oxidation of isobutane over H₃[PMo₁₂O₄₀], CuH₄[PMo₁₂O₄₀]₂, Cu₂H₂[PMo₁₂O₄₀]₂, Cu_2.5H[PMo₁₂O₄₀]₂, and Cu₃[PMo₁₂O₄₀]₂. Observed oxidation products over all catalysts are methacrolein, 3-methyl-2-oxetanone, acetic acid, carbon dioxide and water. The most selective catalyst for methacrolein formation at low temperatures (<496 °C) is Cu_2.5H[PMo₁₂O₄₀]₂, where both Cu(II) reduction and acid sites play a role. The least active catalyst at low temperatures is phosphomolybdic acid followed by Cu₃[PMo₁₂O₄₀]₂. This activity is reversed at higher temperatures. The 3-methyl-2-oxetanone is a unique product and is likely to be the precursor to methacrylic acid. Acetic acid is also probably a precursor to complete oxidation. Catalyst deactivation or restructuring is significant only over H₃[PMo₁₂O₄₀].     

Catalytic (amm)oxidation of propane with molecular oxygen over complex metal oxides: Involvement of homogeneous reaction in gas phase

Partial oxidation of propane to acrolein and ammoxidafion to acrylonitrile with molecular oxygen proceed over complex metal oxide catalysts under the restricted conditions of the high partial pressures of both propane and oxygen. The selective formations of acrolein and acrylonitrile also required high reaction temperature around 500°C. Effective catalysts for the selective (amm)oxidation were mostly made up of bismuth oxide and molybdenum oxide and were further modified with another metal oxide. From the studies of the volume effect of pre-catalyst zone on the conversion and the selectivities and of the reactions in the absence of the catalyst, it is suggested that the reactions involve homogeneous reactions in the gas phase where thermally activated propane converts into propene, followed by catalytic oxidation of propene over the metal oxide surface.     

Liquid-phase oxidation of toluene by molecular oxygen over copper manganese oxides

Copper manganese oxides (Cu–Mn oxides) were prepared by coprecipitation method and characterized by several techniques, such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). Catalytic activities of the Cu–Mn oxides were tested by the oxidation of toluene with molecular oxygen in liquid phase and solvent-free conditions. The molar ratio of Cu:Mn in catalyst was optimized to be 1:1 and thus the corresponding crystalline material was designated as Cu_1.5Mn_1.5O₄.     

Liquid-phase oxidation of toluene by molecular oxygen over copper manganese oxides

Copper manganese oxides (Cu–Mn oxides) were prepared by coprecipitation method and characterized by several techniques, such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). Catalytic activities of the Cu–Mn oxides were tested by the oxidation of toluene with molecular oxygen in liquid phase and solvent-free conditions. The molar ratio of Cu:Mn in catalyst was optimized to be 1:1 and thus the corresponding crystalline material was designated as Cu_1.5Mn_1.5O₄.     

Catalytic wet air oxidation of acetic acid over different ruthenium catalysts

Ruthenium catalysts were prepared by impregnation of different supports: ZrO₂, CeO₂, TiO₂, ZrO₂–CeO₂ and TiO₂–CeO₂. Their activities for acetic acid oxidation in aqueous solution were investigated in a stirred reactor at a reaction temperature of 200 °C and total pressure of 4 MPa. The order of the catalyst activity obtained was RuO₂/ZrO₂–CeO₂ > RuO₂/CeO₂ > RuO₂/TiO₂–CeO₂ > RuO₂/ZrO₂ > RuO₂/TiO₂, which corresponds to surface concentration of non-lattice oxygen (defect-oxide or hydroxyl-like group) of these catalysts. The non-lattice oxygen on the catalyst surface plays an important role in the catalytic activity.     

Catalytic oxidation of THF with homo and hetero metallic Mo/Ru complexes and molecular oxygen

The novel complex Ind(CO)₃Mo–Ru(CO)₂Cp (1) (Ind=η⁵-indenyl,Cp=η⁵-cyclopentadienyl), as well as other hetero and homo metallic complexes of molybdenum and ruthenium are catalyst precursors in the aerobic oxidation of THF under ambient conditions. Selectivities towards γ-butyrolactone of up to 70% are obtained. For the first time in this transformation, propylformate is isolated besides the lactone.     

Liquid-phase oxidation of benzene to phenol by molecular oxygen over transition metal substituted polyoxometalate compounds

Transition metal substituted polyoxometalate (TMSP) compounds were used as catalysts for the liquid-phase oxidation of benzene to phenol by molecular oxygen with ascorbic acid as a reducing agent in an acetone/sulfolane/water mixed solvent. [(C₄H₉)₄N]₅[PW₁₁CuO₃₉(H₂O)] is the best catalyst tested in this study. It showed 9.2% benzene conversion (TON = 25.8) and 91.8% selectivity to phenol for the oxidation of benzene at 323 K for 12 h. The effect of the substituted transition metal in the TMSP compounds on the benzene conversion is in the order: Cu > V > Fe ≫ Mn > Ti > Cr > Co > Ni > Zn. The effect of the central atom in the TMSP compounds on the benzene conversion is in the order: P ≈ Si > Ge > B. [SiW₁₁O₃₉]⁸⁻ is a good polyoxometalate ligand for transition metal ions as [PW₁₁O₃₉]⁷⁻ for the oxidation of benzene. The selectivity to phenol was dramatically improved by adding the sulfolane solvent, but the benzene conversion decreased when a large amount of sulfolane was used in the mixed solvent. Ascorbic acid is indispensable for forming phenol from benzene oxidation by O₂ over TMSP compounds. Higher O₂ pressure in the catalytic system ensured more oxygen molecules solving in the solvent, and promoted the benzene conversion.     

Catalytic oxidation with air of tartronic acid to mesoxalic acid on bismuth-promoted platinum

Mesoxalic acid (ketomalonic acid) was prepared by oxidative dehydrogenation with air of tartronic acid in aqueous solution on carbon-supported platinum-bismuth catalysts. By increasing the pH, using a higher catalyst/substrate ratio or increasing the temperature, higher yields could be obtained (maximum yield obtained of 65% at 80% conversion). The results obtained for this reaction and for the analogous catalytic oxidations of glyceric acid to hydroxypyruvic acid, and lactic acid to pyruvic acid, enabled a general reaction mechanism to be proposed for the selective oxidation of α-hydroxy acids to α-keto acids on platinum-bismuth catalysts. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulphide on activated carbons

Activated carbon is a suitable adsorbent for removal of hydrogen sulphide from natural, synthesis or other product gases. The process depends predominantly on physical adsorption, though catalytic oxidation is also involved. During catalytic oxidation the H₂S is converted in the presence of oxygen to elemental sulphur, which is adsorbed onto the internal surface of the activated carbon, thus leading to a sulphur load of up to 120% by weight. The oxidation rate depends on the partial pressure of both reactants, H₂S and O₂ and is largely controlled by the characteristics of the activated carbon. The activity of the catalyst can be improved by impregnating the activated carbon with promoters such as iron and iodine. The regeneration of spent carbon is currently carried out using hot gas desorption methods at temperatures around 450 °C.     

分子筛催化异丁烷与正丁烯烷基化反应性能

以Y、β、MCM-41和EU-1分子筛为活性组分制备异丁烷与正丁烯烷基化反应催化剂,并利用NH_3-TPD和N_2物理吸附-脱附对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,HY分子筛催化剂的总酸量最大,MCM-41分子筛催化剂的总酸量最小,Hβ和HEU-1分子筛催化剂总酸量适中,Hβ分子筛催化剂平均孔径最大,而大孔径有利于分子扩散。对分子筛催化异丁烷与正丁烯反应的催化性能进行研究,结果表明,Hβ分子筛催化剂的失活速率最低,正丁烯异构化率最低,生成的烷基化油辛烷值达85.2,对Hβ分子筛催化剂进行Pt元素改性后催化剂的失活速率降低。