载体改性对Ni/La2O2CO3催化乙醇水蒸气重整制氢的影响

分别用Zn和Ca改性复合La2O2CO3载体并负载Ni,制备Ni/La2O2CO3 (NL)、Ni/La2O2CO3-ZnO (NLZ)和Ni/La2O2CO3-CaO (NLC)催化剂,催化乙醇水蒸气重整制氢,并通过XRD、BET和程序升温还原(TPR)等技术对催化剂晶相、比表面积和综合性能进行分析.结果 表明,在3...     

Au／ZnO，Pd／ZnO和Au-Pd／ZnO催化剂甲醇部分氧化制氢性能的研究

采用PVP保护乙醇还原法制备Au/ZnO,Pd/ZnO和Au-Pd/ZnO催化剂,研究了Au,Pd和Au-Pd负载ZnO催化荆对甲醇部分氧化制氢性能的影响,并运用XRD,TPR和TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,与Au/ZnO和Pd/ZnO催化剂相比,Au-Pd/ZnO双金属催化剂显示出较高的催化活性和氢气选择性、较低的CO选择性以及较好的稳定性.表征结果表明,Pd的加入抑制了Au粒子的烧结,使Au粒子变小,生成了富Au型Aux,Pdy合金,且Au-Pd与载体之间发生了一定的协同作用,从而提高了催化刺的活性和稳定性.     

ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体的制备方法对Pd基催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用连续流动微反装置考察了ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体制备方法对Pd基催化荆加氢脱硫性能的影响,并采用XRD,TPR,H2-TPD.NH3-TPD和H2吸附等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,复合载体的制备方法对Pd基催化剂加氢脱硫性能有较大的影响,与浸渍法相比,溶胶一凝胶法制备的复合载体增强了活性组分与载体的相互作用,有利于Pd分散度的增大和催化剂酸量的增加,从而有利于Pd基催化剂活性的提高.     

Y2O3对CuO-ZnO-ZrO2催化剂结构及性能的影响

考察了Y2O3对CuO-ZnO-ZrO2催化剂性能的影响,以甲醇水蒸汽重整为探针反应,并利用XRD、TPR、BET、H2-TPD、CO-TPD和IR等手段对催化剂的结构及性能进行了表征.结果表明,Y2O3的加入提高了催化剂中CuO的分散度、H2吸附量、Cu+的含量及Cu+/Cu0x比,加强了CuO和ZnO之间的相互作用,抑制了Cu+的深度还原,使CuO-ZnO-ZrO2催化剂的甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢反应的活性增大.     

Au-Pd/ZnO-CeO_2催化剂甲醇部分氧化制氢性能的研究

采用聚合物保护乙醇还原法制备了Au-Pd/ZnO-CeO_2催化剂,考察了CeO_2对Au-Pd/ZnO催化剂甲醇部分氧化制氢反应性能的影响,并运用BET、XRD、TPR、H_2-TPD和CH_3OH-TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,CeO_2对Au-Pd/ZnO催化剂具有较好的改性效果,CeO_2的引入能提高Au-Pd/ZnO催化剂的活性和氢气的选择性,归结于CeO_2的加入增加了催化剂的比表面积、分散度和对反应物甲醇的吸附,同时减少了对生成物H_2脱附,这些均有利于甲醇部分氧化制氢反应.     

入口气组分对质子交换膜燃料电池柴油水蒸气重整制氢流程的影响

考察了Ni-Yb/γ-Al₂O₃(Ni 16%,Yb 5%,质量分数)催化剂,入口气中添加不同组分(CO₂、H₂和CH₄)对柴油低/高温水蒸气重整过程中转化率及重整率的影响,以及添加CO₂入口气对质子交换膜燃料电池柴油水蒸气重整制氢流程中后续的CO水气变换和深度去除CO过程的影响.结果表明:入口气中添加CO₂或H₂进一步提高了柴油在低温(400～500℃)水蒸气重整反应中的转化率(<95%),能够为后续的高温(550～750℃)水蒸气重整过程提供CH₄代替柴油作为重整原料,从而显著抑制了积碳.入口气中添加H₂对高温水蒸气重整有抑制作用,添加CH₄不利于提高柴油转化率.入口气中添加CO₂时,气碳摩尔比约为0.54时柴油转化率最佳,但重整产物中CO含量会增加,因而后续CO水汽变换过程的空速需降低以便保证CO去除率,添加CO₂对最后深度去除CO过程(两段选择甲烷化法)无明显影响.      

焦油模化物蒸汽重整制氢中催化剂的研究

焦炉荒煤气中的焦油与水蒸气催化重整制氢工艺能够实现连续高效制取氢气,对该工艺所需要的催化剂进行了制备和表征,研究了四种不同种类催化剂的催化活性。实验在固定床反应器中进行,重整温度设定为750℃,水碳比为8:1,催化剂的填充量为20g,焦油模化物1-甲基萘的流量为0.4ml/min。实验结果表明:Ni/Mg O/C12A7催化剂的氢产率和含碳气体产率最高,氢产率达到90%以上,含碳气体产率达到95%,证明C12A7载体负载Ni基催化剂效果更好,且Mg O助剂强化了金属与载体的相互作用;四种催化剂参与反应得到的气体产物组成基本一致,H2的体积分数约为73%,甲烷的体积分数最小。利用Ni/Mg O/C12A7催化剂进行了焦油模化物蒸汽重整,结果显示该催化剂具有良好的稳定性。     

Au/CeO2催化剂乙醇部分氧化制氢的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了纳米Au/CeO2催化剂,并用XRD、TPR、ICP等方法对催化剂进行了表征.以乙醇部分氧化制氢为探针反应,系统考察了O2/C2H5OH摩尔比及反应温度对Au/CeO2催化性能的影响.结果表明,Au/CeO2催化剂活性组分Au与载体CeO2 存在较强的相互作用,对乙醇部分氧化制氢反应具有较好的低温催化活性和良好的稳定性,其最佳的反应条件是O2/C2H5OH摩尔比为1.6,反应温度573K.     

介孔CeO_2载体织构性质对Au-Pd催化剂性能的影响

以硝酸铈铵为前驱体,分别采用表面活性剂嵌段共聚物F127、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和十六胺(HDA)合成介孔CeO2(m-CeO2)载体,研究了m-CeO2织构性质对Au-Pd双金属催化剂甲醇部分氧化制氢性能的影响,并运用HRTEM、XRD、TPR、H2-TPD、CO2-TPD和低温N2吸附等手段对Au-Pd双金属催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,HDA为表面活性剂合成的m-CeO2(H4)具有较大的比表面、孔容和孔径。H4负载的Au-Pd催化剂显示出较高的催化活性和氢气选择性。表征结果表明,Au-Pd/H4催化剂中贵金属的分散度较高、形成的Au、Pd活性中心较多,金属与载体的相互作用较强,表面的碱中心较多,产物H2较易脱附。     

活性炭表面性质对Pd/C常温氧化CO的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了活性炭负载Pd催化剂(Pd/C),通过正交实验研究了活性炭的种类、催化剂的制备条件等对活性炭负载钯催化剂上CO氧化性能的影响,得到了最优的制备条件。并通过N2吸附、程序升温脱附(TPD)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和透射电镜(TEM)等对催化剂进行了表征。正交实验极差分析表明制备各因素对催化剂氧化CO活性影响的次序为:还原剂>活性炭>还原剂用量>还原温度>还原溶pH值。催化剂表征结果表明活性炭的比表面积和孔径分布不是决定Pd/C催化剂性能的关键因素,活性炭的种类、表面组成和性质对催化剂的性能有显著的影响。其中椰壳炭(AC1)表面羧基的活性较高,同时具有较强的表面碱性,有利于活性金属Pd在载体表面的分散,并提高了Pd与载体之间的相互作用,从而使催化剂具有较高的CO氧化性能。提高Pd的担载量,可显著提高催化剂稳定性。以乙二醇作为还原剂,在pH=10,还原温度为60℃的条件下所制备的0.5%Pd/AC催化剂,在反应温度20℃时连续反应120 h仍可保持CO的全转化。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.