以蚕蛹为主要原料制曲工艺的研究

以蚕蛹为主要原料,通过对米曲霉的培养筛选,确定了沪酿3.042是最佳的菌种.研究了培养时间、温度、曲料含水量、碳源、碳源添加量和接种量对制曲的影响.结果表明,当培养时间72h,培养温度30℃,曲料含水量40%,接种景为0.5%,以葡萄糖为主要碳源时,米曲霉产中性蛋白酶为2135U/g,孢子数为1.92×1099个/g,氨基酸态氮为1.212g/100g.制曲后蚕蛹的风味得到极大改善.     

复合酶协同发酵紫苏粕制备天然调味料的研究

以紫苏粕为主要发酵原料,对米曲霉和黑曲霉制曲工艺进行了优化,在单因素实验基础上,根据Box-Benhnken响应面设计,建立了制曲温度、制曲时间和菌种比例作为影响因素与响应值酸性/中性蛋白酶酶活之间的回归方程模型,确定制曲工艺最优条件为制曲温度32℃,制曲时间30h,米曲霉和黑曲霉接种比2.5∶1,在此条件下成曲中性和酸性蛋白酶酶活分别为1572,1023U/g,与理论值基本相符。添加复合酶协同发酵,并与对照发酵组比较,发现复合酶发酵组中的总氮、氨态氮和还原糖含量及水解度均高于对照组,感官分析结果表明复合酶发酵组相比对照组风味较好。     

酱油发酵中制曲条件对制曲效果的影响

通过对米曲霉和黑曲霉在不同作用条件下混合制曲的曲料蛋白酶活力和曲酶孢子数的变化分析,探讨了制曲温度、制曲时间和曲霉的不同配比对米、黑曲霉混合制曲效果的影响。结果表明,制曲温度为30℃,制曲时间为35h,米曲霉和黑曲霉配比为3∶1时作用效果最佳,此时,曲料的曲酶孢子数为8.66×109个/g,蛋白酶活力可达2588μ/g。     

酱油发酵中制曲条件对双菌种制曲的蛋白酶活力和孢子数的影响

通过对米曲霉和黑曲霉在不同作用条件下混合制曲的曲料蛋白酶活力和曲酶孢子数的变化分析,探讨了制曲温度、制曲时间和曲霉的不同配比对米、黑曲霉混合制曲效果的影响。结果表明,制曲温度为30℃、制曲时间为35h、米曲霉和黑曲霉配比为3∶1时作用效果最佳,此时,曲料的曲酶孢子数为8.66×109cfu/g,蛋白酶活力可达2588U/g。     

带鱼副产物鱼粉对酱醪品质的影响

目的:探讨在酱醪中添加带鱼鱼粉对酱醪品质的影响。方法:在舟山传统酱醪制备基础上添加带鱼鱼粉,测定酱油曲制备过程中酵母菌及米曲霉孢子数的变化,用福林酚法研究带鱼鱼粉对酱油曲蛋白酶活力的影响,采用GC-MS技术探讨带鱼鱼粉对发酵酱醪中挥发性成分的影响。结果:添加适量带鱼鱼粉对制曲过程中(36 h)的酵母菌和米曲霉孢子有一定促进效果,使各组孢子数均达到8.5×108以上;添加带鱼鱼粉后除发酵24 h外,其余发酵时间内各处理组的蛋白酶活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各试验组酱醪的氨基酸态氮在发酵30 d时,分别高于对照组14.5%,18.8%和19.4%;各试验组中检出挥发性成分33种,其中4%添加量组挥发性成分含量高于对照组11.55%;虽然低于6%添加量组,但壬醛等鱼腥味成分明显降低。结论:添加适量带鱼鱼粉对酱油曲中各微生物生长及蛋白酶活力具有一定促进作用,对酱醪的色泽、香气、流动性无明显影响,且可提高酱醪中氨基酸态氮的含量,添加鱼粉对酱醪挥发性成分种类基本没有影响,而鱼粉添加量过高会给酱醪带来不良风味。     

米曲霉Y6产中性蛋白酶和内切葡聚糖酶的研究

以提高中性蛋白酶和内切葡聚糖酶酶活为目的,优化了米曲霉Y6的制曲工艺。在单因素的试验基础上,采用正交试验优化的米曲霉Y6中性蛋白酶的最佳制曲工艺参数为温度30℃,接种量1.0×107个孢子/g干基,培养时间42h,含水量80%,其酶活达到3637U/g;内切葡聚糖酶的最佳制曲工艺参数为温度为30℃,接种量0.25×107个孢子/g干基,培养时间48h,含水量100%,其酶活达到810U/g。     

秘鲁鱿鱼骨粉添加对酱油制曲的影响

通过在传统酱油曲料中添加鱿鱼骨粉,研究了鱿鱼骨粉对酱油曲料发酵过程中酵母和孢子数量、酶系及固形物含量变化的影响,并采用气相色谱质谱联用仪(gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer-computer,GC-MS)对酱油成曲进行挥发性香气成分分析。结果表明,添加适量鱿鱼骨粉对微生物生长及酶系分泌有一定促进效应,实验组中酵母数量、孢子数量、蛋白酶及淀粉酶活力及固形物含量等均高于对照组,其中鱿鱼骨粉添加量为1.3%的实验组在36 h时曲料外观、色泽、香气较好;GC-MS结果显示,添加量为1.3%实验组,成曲中挥发性成分达到36.31%,显著高于对照组的32.73%,但鱿鱼骨粉添加量与挥发性成分含量间并无正相关效应。     

用米浆水培养酱油酿造用曲霉菌的研究

文章考察了用米浆水替代制曲配料用水来制备酱油生产用米曲霉、黑曲霉及红曲霉的制曲效果。以麸皮、豆粕为原料,以1∶0.8的比例添加不同pH值的米浆水配料,选用AS 3.042米曲霉、AS 3.350黑曲霉、AS 3.972红曲霉为菌种,在33℃条件下恒温制曲。结果表明:对于米曲霉和黑曲霉,用浸米时间为24～72h的米浆水配料,均可以获得与对照组相当的成曲的蛋白酶活、糖化酶活和孢子数;而对于红曲霉,米浆水对提高成曲的酶活力、孢子数无显著贡献。     

pH值及乳酸菌对米曲霉固态制曲过程的影响

考察了在固态培养条件下,不同的初始pH值及乳酸菌对米曲霉固态制曲过程的影响。以豆粕和麸皮(质量比为55∶45)为原料,1∶0.6的料水比,0.3%～0.5%的接种量接入沪酿3.042米曲霉种曲,33℃下制曲,定时取样测定固体曲的蛋白酶活力及孢子数。结果表明:适当偏酸性的环境有利于成曲蛋白酶的提高,培养基初始pH调节为6.5时米曲霉中性蛋白酶活力获得最大值(4 080±61)U/g干基,较对照组提高33%～37%;添加1.0%～2.0%乳酸菌,也同样起到改善米曲霉制曲过程的效果。     

酱油生产中应用米曲霉和黑曲霉混合制曲的探索

该文考察了米曲霉和黑曲霉在单独制曲及混合制曲条件下,成曲的中性蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、糖化酶及孢子数,探讨了酱油多菌种制曲的可行性.实验以豆粕、麸皮为原料,以AS3.042米曲霉、AS3.350黑曲霉为菌种,探讨了2种制曲方式及不同配比制曲效果的影响.结果表明,米、黑曲霉分开制曲比混合接种制曲所得成曲效果好,米、黑曲霉分别以33℃制曲42h、48h得成品曲,再以2∶1混合所得成曲可获得较佳的酶活力,曲料总蛋白酶活力2748U/g与对照值相当,而酸性蛋白酶及糖化酶活力分别达712U/g、1090U/g,较对照分别提高55.8％、25.4％.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press