大米蛋白酶解产物抗氧化活性及功能性质研究

采用不同的蛋白酶(木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、精制中性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶)水解大米蛋白,以制备抗氧化活性肽.结果发现,精制中性蛋白酶水解大米蛋白得到的产物对DPPH自由基的清除能力最强,而且水解度其清除能力影响显著.同时测定了酶解产物的还原能力、金属离子螯合能力以及在Fe2引发的亚油酸过氧化物体系中的抗氧化活性,结果表明,此酶解产物表现出一定的还原能力,能够抑制由Fe2 引发的亚油酸过氧化物体系中的抗氧化活性,具有一定的金属离子螯合能力.结果表明,这种肽具有一定的抗氧化活性,具有良好的功能特性.     

咖啡酸体外抗氧化活性的研究

咖啡酸是一种天然的酚类化合物,属于羟基肉桂酸类,它广泛存在于水果和蔬菜中,具有良好的生物活性。本文通过多种体系对咖啡酸的抗氧化活性进行综合评价,包括总抗氧化能力、DPPH自由基清除活性、ABTS自由基清除活性、铁离子还原能力和金属离子螯合能力等。结果表明:咖啡酸具有很强的总抗氧化能力,极显著高于BHT和VC(P0.01);具有较强的DPPH自由基(IC500.023 mg/m L±0.004 mg/m L)和ABTS自由基(IC500.18 mg/m L±0.006 mg/m L)清除活性;具有较强的铁离子还原能力并极显著高于BHT(P0.01)。咖啡酸几乎不具备金属离子螯合能力。     

响应面法优化姜黄素的提取工艺及其抗氧化活性的研究

采用响应面法优化了姜黄素的提取工艺,并探讨了姜黄素对超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)、羟基自由基(·OH)、DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基的体外抗氧化活性。姜黄素的最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇浓度85%,超声时间50min,液料比20∶1(m L/g)。在此条件下,姜黄素得率为1.538%。体外抗氧化实验表明,三种姜黄素标准品具有较强的抗氧化活性且各有差异,姜黄素提取液对超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)、羟基自由基(·OH)、DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基也具有较强的清除能力。     

槟榔提取物不同部位的抗氧化性比较及成分研究

采用DPPH法、ABTS法和FRAP法3种测定法对槟榔提取物体外抗氧化活性进行综合评价,并分析其总多酚与总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的关系。研究结果发现,槟榔提取物乙酸乙酸部位和正丁醇部位均有一定的抗氧化活性。其中乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的能力(IC50=14.60、2.04μg/m L)和还原Fe3+的能力(TEAC=4762.99μmol/g)均强于阳性对照BHT(DPPH方法:IC50=24.49μg/m L;ABTS方法:IC50=6.56μg/m L;FRAP方法:TEAC=2503.17μmol/g),正丁醇部位清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的能力(IC50=44.32、7.62μg/m L)和还原Fe3+的能力(TEAC=1587.42μmol/g)均弱于阳性对照BHT,且乙酸乙酯部位总多酚和总黄酮含量均大于正丁醇部位。可见,乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基及还原Fe3+的能力可能与其总多酚、总黄酮含量高有关。     

多肽体外抗氧化活性测定方法的比较

为确定适用于多肽体外抗氧化活性的测定方法,以丁基羟基茴香醚（butyl hydroxylanisole,BHA）、VC和生育酚（vitamin E,VE）为对照,测定大豆肽的还原能力、螯合Fe2＋能力、清除2,2’-联氮双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二胺盐（2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt,ABTS）自由基和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基及抑制脂质体氧化的活性。结果显示：在质量浓度为0～30 mg/mL时,大豆肽还原能力随质量浓度的增加而增强,与BHA、VE、VC类似,大豆肽最大还原能力仅为0.487。大豆肽抑制脂质体氧化的活性弱于BHA和VE,但具有较稳定的增加趋势,最大抑制率达到20.6%;在质量浓度为0～15 mg/mL时,大豆肽螯合Fe2＋能力随质量浓度的增加而增强,最大螯合率为38.7%。然而,未检测出BHA、VE、VC具有螯合Fe2＋的能力;在质量浓度为0～3.0 mg/mL时,大豆肽清除ABTS＋·活性与VC基本相同,大于BHA和VE,ABTS＋·清除率最大为61.2%。大豆肽DPPH自由基清除率最大仅为2.1%,清除DPPH自由基活性远低于VC（45.0%）、BHA（10.1%）和VE（10.7%）,表明螯合Fe2+能力、清除ABTS＋·及抑制脂质体氧化活性的测定方法适合用于评价大豆肽体外抗氧化活性。     

苦荞抗氧化肽AFYRW稳定性研究

为研究苦荞抗氧化肽AFYRW在生产加工、胃肠消化中的稳定性以及细胞毒性,以羟自由基(·OH)清除率和DPPH自由基清除率作为评价指标,研究pH值、温度、反复冻融、金属离子以及胃肠消化对苦荞抗氧化肽AFYRW体外抗氧化活性的影响,以红细胞溶血率评价细胞毒性。结果表明:高温、反复冻融、Na+、Mg²⁺对抗氧化肽AFYRW的抗氧化活性无显著影响;Ca²⁺会降低抗氧化肽AFYRW的DPPH自由基清除率,K+会提高抗氧化肽AFYRW的·OH清除率;体外模拟胃肠消化后或者pH值升高都会降低抗氧化肽AFYRW的抗氧化活性;苦荞抗氧化肽AFYRW对红细胞无溶血作用。综上苦荞抗氧化肽AFYRW具有良好的抗氧化活性,对红细胞无溶血作用,在生产和储存过程中,应避免过碱、接触Ca²⁺。     

天然抗氧化剂对鳄鱼油体外抗氧化活性的影响

为了筛选天然抗氧化剂和提高鳄鱼油体外抗氧化活性,采用Schaal烘箱法,比较3种常见的天然抗氧化剂茶多酚（TP)、维生素E和植酸对精制鳄鱼油的抗氧化效果,并优选出了天然抗氧化剂。在此基础上以优选抗氧化剂和VC为阳性对照,采用体外抗氧化法考察添加优选抗氧化剂的鳄鱼油对DPPH自由基、羟自由基（·OH）、超氧自由基（O-2·）清除能力,还原能力及Fe2+螯合能力。结果表明：3种天然抗氧化剂对鳄鱼油的抗氧化效果为TP＞维生素E＞植酸;鳄鱼油对DPPH自由基、·OH、O-2·清除能力,还原能力和Fe2+螯合能力均随其质量浓度的增加而升高;添加0.02%TP后鳄鱼油的体外抗氧化活性明显增强,添加TP的鳄鱼油对DPPH自由基、·OH和O-2·的IC50分别为0.874、0.064 mg/mL和0.96 mg/mL,均低于鳄鱼油的（5.448、0.684、4.53 mg/mL）,而还原能力和Fe2+螯合能力均高于鳄鱼油的。综上,TP可有效提高鳄鱼油的体外抗氧化活性。     

8种食用菌蛋白及其酶解产物抗氧化活性研究

目的:综合评价8种食用菌(香菇、平菇、杏鲍菇、红菇、大球盖菇、草菇、白玉菇、蟹味菇)蛋白及其酶解产物的抗氧化活性。方法:采用碱性蛋白酶对8种食用菌蛋白进行酶解,以DPPH自由基清除活性、ABTS自由基清除活性、Fe2+螯合率和还原力为指标,对8种食用菌蛋白及其碱性蛋白酶酶解产物的抗氧化活性进行评价。结果:SDS-PAGE电泳图谱显示,碱性蛋白酶可以有效地将蛋白质水解为小分子的肽和氨基酸;草菇蛋白酶解产物的抗氧化活性最高,DPPH自由基清除能力为(5 140.45±5.35) μg Trolox/g,ABTS自由基清除能力为(6.97±0.27) mmol Trolox/L,Fe²⁺螯合率为(79.86±0.45)%,还原力为0.350±0.001,且含有8种必需氨基酸(230.43±5.35) mg/g和较高抗氧化活性的疏水性氨基酸(209.95±4.95) mg/g、负电荷氨基酸(115.89±2.32) mg/g和芳香族氨基酸(57.86±1.74) mg/g。结论:草菇碱性蛋白酶解产物有较好的抗氧化活性且富含必需氨基酸、疏水性氨基酸、负电荷氨基酸及芳香族氨基酸。     

鲨鱼肉酶解物的抗氧化作用及其稳定性研究

以还原能力和金属离子螯合能力、清除DPPH·、O2-·、OH·自由基能力为指标,考察鲨鱼肉酶解物的抗氧化活性,同时以清除自由基DPPH·的活性为指标,分析温度和pH值对其抗氧化作用稳定性的影响。结果表明:鲨鱼肉酶解液产物具有一定的还原能力和金属离子螯合能力,其清除DPPH·、O2-·、OH·自由基的IC50值分别为10.16、23.71、19.82mg/mL。酶解产物耐热性强;在酸性环境中,鲨鱼肉酶解液能较好地保持其抗氧化活性,但在碱性环境中抗氧化活性丧失较快。     

山羊乳酪蛋白酶解物制备及体外抗氧化活性研究

以自由基清除能力、金属离子螯合能力和抗脂质过氧化能力为指标,采用均匀试验研究山羊乳酪蛋白酶解物的制备及其体外抗氧化活性,并且比较自由基清除能力的方法。结果表明：山羊乳酪蛋白适宜的酶解工艺为在60g/kg的底物浓度下,中性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶的添加量分别为4000U/g和250U/g,45℃、pH7.5条件下酶解24h。山羊乳酪蛋白经酶解后其体外抗氧化活性显著增强。山羊乳酪蛋白酶解物 ·OH清除率的EC50值是其蛋白的3.59倍,ABTS＋ ·的清除能力是其蛋白的158.72倍,螯合Fe2＋的能力是其蛋白的5.44倍;在亚油酸体系中抗脂质过氧化能力强于TBHQ,与VE相当。清除 ·OH、DPPH自由基、O2－ ·和ABTS＋ ·的方法不能相互替代。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the