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1.
改进的三层分解模型热红外影像空间降尺度研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
地表温度(Land surface temperature,LST)是地-气相互作用和能量交换的重要参数之一.为了获取高空间分辨率地表温度数据,研究改进了一种热红外遥感数据降尺度方法,并以上海市Landsat8 OLI/TIRS影像为数据源进行了实验验证,归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)被分解为低频层、边缘层和细节层,其中边缘层和细节层按比例增加到热红外数据中.并与经典的热红外降尺度方法 Dis Trad算法和Ts HARP算法作为对比,将模拟的地表温度(270 m)作为降尺度数据源实现LST降尺度(90 m).实验结果表明,三种降尺度方法都保留原有的地表温度的空间特征,但Dis Trad算法和Ts HARP算法增加了真实数据中并不存在的温度差异;改进的三层分解模型地表温度的均方根误差为0. 913 K,与Dis Trad方法和Ts HARP算法相比精度分别提高了0. 937 K和0. 832K.  相似文献   

2.
近年来对城市热环境的研究大多集中在大尺度或城市区域尺度上,基于街区尺度的热环境研究较少.本研究基于高空间分辨率的天宫一号热红外数据,利用JM&S(Jim?nez-Mu?oz & Sobrino)算法反演了南京部分地区地表温度,进而揭示了南京地区夜间地表热环境空间分布规律并分析了其与地表覆盖类型的关系,探讨了不同街区夜间地表温度的差异.研究结果表明,天宫一号具有热异常检测能力,能较好地体现街区尺度地表温度的空间异质性;南京夜间存在明显的城市热岛效应,热岛强度为2.6 K,局部热岛效应较为突出;受土地覆盖类型、人口、建筑等因素的影响,不同街区地表温度差异较为明显.  相似文献   

3.
地表温度反演是红外定量遥感的核心内容之一.与热红外(8~14μm)数据相比,中红外(3~5μm)波谱区大气透过率更高、对发射率的敏感性更低,在温度反演方面具有独特的优势.引入热红外地表温度反演思路,发展了仅利用夜间中红外双通道数据的地表温度反演算法,分析了宽通道组合(3~4μm和4~5μm)和窄通道组合(3.929~3.989μm和4.020~4.080μm)模式下的温度反演精度以及模型对噪声和发射率的敏感性.结果表明,宽、窄两种通道组合模型的温度反演精度分别为~0.5 K和~0.3 K;噪声等效温差和地表发射率误差对窄通道组合模型的影响更大.  相似文献   

4.
本文报告了硅单晶中替位碳红外吸收带温度特性和光谱分辨率对碳带特征参数影响的研究结果.在 80~310K温度范围,碳带半宽度随测量温度降低而线性减小,吸收系数和峰位分别随温度下降而线性增加和有规律地向高频方向移动;液氮温度时碳带吸收系数较室温增加一倍;低于液氮温度时碳带特征参数不随测量温度而变.不同光谱分辨率(1-4cm~(-1))测量结果表明:碳带吸收系数和半宽度分别随光谱分辨率提高增加和减小.室温和液氮温度碳含量的定量测量,光谱分辨率分别以2cm~(-1)和1cm~(-1)为宜.  相似文献   

5.
一种高效计算高光谱分辨率红外大气辐射传输的方法   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
传统的大气辐射传输计算方法受计算资源和效率的限制已无法满足星载高光谱分辨率红外大气遥感资料处理的需要,基于单色波长辐亮度计算加权组合的方法,开发了一种快速准确的高光谱分辨率红外大气辐射传输的计算模型FFRTM_IR.利用FFRTM_IR模型,针对研制中的FY-3D红外高光谱大气探测仪(HIRAS)的光谱指标,模拟计算了仪器的观测通道亮温,并用独立样本对模拟亮温进行了验证和比较,结果显示:FFRTM_IR对HIRAS所有通道的模拟亮温偏差均小于0.06 K,标准差有效控制在0.1 K以内;在同等计算精度下,FFRTM_IR的计算速度略快于目前国际上通用的快速辐射传输计算模型CRTM.利用FFRTM_IR模型,采用解析计算方法可以进一步得到温度廓线、水汽廓线、二氧化碳、臭氧廓线以及地表参数的雅克比矩阵,计算结果与扰动法计算结果一致性较好,有较高的计算精度.计算和分析结果表明,初步建立了一种高效的红外大气辐射传输计算模型,可用于星载高光谱红外大气探测仪器的观测仿真和资料处理.  相似文献   

6.
红外高光谱成像仪的系统测试标定与飞行验证   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
红外谱段是高光谱遥感中非常有用的波段,由于红外波段的能量小、焦平面探测器研制难、红外背景辐射大等原因,红外谱段的高光谱成像系统并不常见,目前仍然处于仪器发展阶段.本文介绍了一台机载热红外高光谱成像仪,它在8.0~12.5μm的光谱范围内可得到180个波段的光谱信息,光谱分辨率优于44 nm,光谱定标精度优于1 nm.仪器观测总视场14°,空间分辨率优于1 mrad,噪声等效温差优于0.2 K@300 K(平均).仪器于2015年5月开展了实验室辐射标定和光谱标定,并于2015年6月在中国浙江舟山开展了飞行试验,获取了指定区域的红外高光谱图像,处理结果表明红外高光谱数据立方体可以有效地反演地表温度和地表辐射率,反演的发射率曲线可以用于地物识别.  相似文献   

7.
本文提出一种对极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像进行自动多分辨率分类的方法。首先利用多视极化白化滤波(MPWF)抑制极化SAR图像的相干斑,得到反映地物辐射特征的纹理SAR图像,然后利用小波变换(WT)提取不同分辨率的纹理信息,在最低分辨率级利用Akaik信息准则(AIC)自动估计图像中的纹理类数,进而在各个分辨率级利用马尔可夫随机场(MRF)模型表征各像素间的空间关联信息,并分别利用最大似然(ML)方法和循环条件模式(ICM)进行自动的模型参数估计和最大后验概率(MAP)分类,最后应用NASA/JPL机载L波段极化SAR数据验证了本文所提分类方法的有效性和优越性。  相似文献   

8.
红外光谱技术诊断火焰温度和组分浓度的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
基于气体分子辐射吸收指数宽带模型,分析了火焰温度和组分浓度的诊断原理和计算方法;建立了红外光谱诊断系统,并进行了实验研究,结果表明诊断精度较高.从而实现了火焰温度和多种组分浓度的同步诊断  相似文献   

9.
地表温度和比辐射率的准确提取和反演是热红外遥感的核心问题之一.由于地表温度/比辐射率反演问题的病态性,以及地表—大气强耦合特征等诸多问题,导致目前反演精度仍有待进一步提高.通过深入挖掘大气吸收峰/谷通道处下行辐射偏移量特性,提出了一种基于大气吸收线特征的高光谱热红外温度/比辐射率反演方法,并通过最优通道选择提高了算法的效率和精度.算法一定程度上可抑制大气校正不准确引入的误差,能够有效提高低比辐射率地物的反演精度.模拟数据结果表明:针对高比辐射率地物,算法与ISSTES方法的反演精度基本一致;针对低比辐射率地物,算法最大可提高温度0.48 K和比辐射率2.1%的精度.地面实测数据结果表明:约77%的样本温度反演误差优于1K,比辐射率误差均值优于0.01.  相似文献   

10.
针对目前基于单元探测器和线列探测器的红外成像仪不能较好兼顾大视场、高空间分辨率、高温度灵敏度的问题,研制了一套基于非制冷型面阵红外探测器的大视场热红外成像仪,实现了75°大视场、0.4 mrad空间分辨率和50 m K(NEΔT)温度灵敏度指标.建立了面阵摆扫图像畸变校正模型,较好地解决了面阵摆扫图像定位精度低和图像拼接裂缝问题.研究成果对大视场面阵摆扫红外成像技术的发展具有重要的参考价值.  相似文献   

11.
The methodologies used by the Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis (Land SAF) for retrieving emissivity are presented here. In the first approach, i.e., the vegetation cover method (VCM), the land surface emissivity (EM) is computed for Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) infrared channels and for the 3- to 14- range using information on the pixel fraction of vegetation cover (FVC). The VCM uses a lookup table, which takes into account the channel's spectral response function, and laboratory reflectance spectra for different materials. The accuracy of the VCM depends on the reliability of FVC and the land cover classification. The EM for SEVIRI split-window channels is primarily used as an internal product by Land SAF for land surface temperature (LST) estimations. However, sensitivity studies show that LST often fails to meet the required accuracy of 2 K over desert and semiarid regions, where the VCM is unable to model the EM spatial variability, which is mostly associated with soil composition. Moreover, it is also over such areas where the atmosphere is generally dry that the impact of EM uncertainties on LST is largest. A second approach to determine the EM for SEVIRI split-window channels is currently being tested. This methodology allows the simultaneous retrieval of LST and channel EMs with the assumption that the latter remain constant. The channel EMs are then averaged over a 22-day period to filter out the noise in the retrievals. A first analysis of the maps obtained for an area within Northern Africa shows spatial patterns with features also present in the surface albedo.  相似文献   

12.
Land surface temperature (LST) and emissivity are important components of land surface modeling and applications. The only practical means of obtaining LST at spatial and temporal resolutions appropriate for most modeling applications is through remote sensing. While the popular split-window method has been widely used to estimate LST, it requires known emissivity values. Multispectral thermal infrared imagery provides us with an excellent opportunity to estimate both LST and emissivity simultaneously, but the difficulty is that a single multispectral thermal measurement with N bands presents N equations in N+1 unknowns (N spectral emissivities and LST). In this study, we developed a general algorithm that can separate land surface emissivity and LST from any multispectral thermal imagery, such as moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) data. The central idea was to establish empirical constraints, and regularization methods were used to estimate both emissivity and LST through an optimization algorithm. It allows us to incorporate any prior knowledge in a formal way, The numerical experiments showed that this algorithm is very effective (more than 43.4% inversion results differed from the actual LST within 0.5°, 70.2% within 1° and 84% within 1.5°), although improvements are still needed  相似文献   

13.
用HJ-1B卫星数据反演地表温度的修正单通道算法   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
目前用于地表温度反演的单通道算法主要针对窄视场传感器建立.HJ-1B卫星红外相机为宽视场传感器,其热红外通道(IRS4)观测天顶角可达±33°以上,在地表温度反演时必须剔除传感器观测角度的影响.以大气辐射传输模拟为基础,建立了基于传感器观测天顶角-大气函数系数的修正单通道算法.针对HJ-1B卫星与Terra卫星过境时间...  相似文献   

14.
随着城市化进程不断加快, 地表温度升高引起的城市病日益严重。为深入认识滨海城市地表温度的影响因 素, 进而为改善人居环境和生态健康提供科学数据支撑, 采用单窗算法反演了大连市内甘井子区、西岗区、沙河口区 和中山区四区地表温度, 并综合运用多尺度地理加权回归模型 (Multiscale-GWR) 结合归一化建筑指数 (NDBI)、归一 化植被指数 (NDVI)、改进的归一化水体指数 (MNDWI) 和归一化裸土指数 (NDBAI), 探究了地表温度与下垫面指数 空间异质性关系。研究结果表明: (1) 大连市内四区的地表温度呈现由东向西递减的分布态势, 中山区、沙河口区和 西岗区的北部地表温度较南部高, 甘井子区西南部地表温度较其他区域低。 (2) 大连市内四区地表温度与下垫面指数 关系基本上不存在全局效应, 空间异质性很强, Multiscale-GWR 模型可以较好地拟合下垫面指数与地表温度相关关 系。 (3) 从相关系数来看, 下垫面指数对地表温度的影响作用力表现为: NDBAI > NDVI > MNDWI > NDBI, NDBAI、 NDVI 和 MNDWI 指数总体上呈现负相关效应, NDBI 总体上呈现正相关效应。  相似文献   

15.
Land surface temperature (LST) is a key indicator of the land surface state and can provide information on surface-atmosphere heat and mass fluxes, vegetation water stress, and soil moisture. Split-window algorithms have been used with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data to estimate instantaneous LST for nearly 20 years. However, the low accuracy of LST retrievals associated with intractable variability has often hindered its wide use. In this study, we developed a six-year daily (day and night) NOAA-14 AVHRR LST dataset over continental Africa. By combining vegetation structural data available in the literature and a geometric optics model, we estimated the fractions of sunlit and shaded endmembers observed by AVHRR for each pixel of each overpass. Although our simplistic approach requires many assumptions (e.g., only four endmember types per scene), we demonstrate through correlation that some of the AVHRR LST variability can be attributed to angular effects imposed by AVHRR orbit and sensor characteristics, in combination with vegetation structure. These angular effects lead to systematic LST biases, including "hot spot" effects when no shadows are observed. For example, a woodland case showed that LST measurements within the "hot-spot" geometry were about 9 K higher than those at other geometries. We describe the general patterns of these biases as a function of tree cover fraction, season, and satellite drift (time past launch). In general, effects are most pronounced over relatively sparse canopies (tree cover <60%), at wet season sun-view angle geometries (principal plane viewing) and early in the satellite lifetime. These results suggest that noise in LST time series may be strongly reduced for some locations and years, and that long-term LST climate data records should be normalized to a single sun-view geometry, if possible. However, much work remains before these can be accomplished.  相似文献   

16.
提出了弱固定敏感参数、控制信息流向目标参数的地表温度反演方法.从热红外辐射传输机理出发,以MODIS为数据源,构建辐射传输方程,同时反演包括地表温度、大气平均温度、中红外(3~5μm)、远红外(8-14.5 μm)6个波段的大气透过率和发射率共计14个参数.以MODTRAN模拟数据和重庆地区MODIS遥感影像为实验数据...  相似文献   

17.
Fuzzy classification techniques have been developed recently to estimate the class composition of image pixels, but their output provides no indication of how these classes are distributed spatially within the instantaneous field of view represented by the pixel. As such, while the accuracy of land cover target identification has been improved using fuzzy classification, it remains for robust techniques that provide better spatial representation of land cover to be developed. Such techniques could provide more accurate land cover metrics for determining social or environmental policy, for example. The use of a Hopfield neural network to map the spatial distribution of classes more reliably using prior information of pixel composition determined from fuzzy classification was investigated. An approach was adopted that used the output from a fuzzy classification to constrain a Hopfield neural network formulated as an energy minimization tool. The network converges to a minimum of an energy function, defined as a goal and several constraints. Extracting the spatial distribution of target class components within each pixel was, therefore, formulated as a constraint satisfaction problem with an optimal solution determined by the minimum of the energy function. This energy minimum represents a “best guess” map of the spatial distribution of class components in each pixel. The technique was applied to both synthetic and simulated Landsat TM imagery, and the resultant maps provided an accurate and improved representation of the land covers studied, with root mean square errors (RMSEs) for Landsat imagery of the order of 0.09 pixels in the new fine resolution image recorded  相似文献   

18.
Spectral mixture analysis provides an efficient mechanism for the interpretation and classification of remotely sensed multidimensional imagery. It aims to identify a set of reference signatures (also known as endmembers) that can be used to model the reflectance spectrum at each pixel of the original image. Thus, the modeling is carried out as a linear combination of a finite number of ground components. Although spectral mixture models have proved to be appropriate for the purpose of large hyperspectral dataset subpixel analysis, few methods are available in the literature for the extraction of appropriate endmembers in spectral unmixing. Most approaches have been designed from a spectroscopic viewpoint and, thus, tend to neglect the existing spatial correlation between pixels. This paper presents a new automated method that performs unsupervised pixel purity determination and endmember extraction from multidimensional datasets; this is achieved by using both spatial and spectral information in a combined manner. The method is based on mathematical morphology, a classic image processing technique that can be applied to the spectral domain while being able to keep its spatial characteristics. The proposed methodology is evaluated through a specifically designed framework that uses both simulated and real hyperspectral data.  相似文献   

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