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1.
Samia Dabbou Ikbel Chaieb Imed Rjiba Manel Issaoui Adel Echbili Amel Nakbi Noureddine Gazzah Mohamed Hammami 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2012,89(4):667-674
The fatty acid (FA) composition of 540 Tunisian virgin olive oil hybrids (VOO) were classified by principal component analysis
(PCA). Pearson correlation between FA variables revealed an inverse association between C18:1 and C18:2; C18:1 and C16:0,
while C16:0 and C16:1 were positively correlated. PCA yielded five significant PCs, which together account for 79.95% of the
total variance; with PC1 contributing 36.84% of the total. Eigenvalue analysis revealed that PC1 was mainly attributed to
C18:1, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and the ratios oleic/linoleic (O/L) and monounsaturated fatty acids/polyunsaturated
fatty acids (MUFA/PUFA); PC2, by C16:0, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the palmitic/linoleic ratio (P/L); PC3 by C18:2 and
C22:0, PC4 by C18:0 and PC5, by C17:1. Then, PCA analysis indicated that in addition to C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C17:1, and C22:0,
MUFA, SFA and the ratios O/L, P/L and MUFA/PUFA were determined to be the main factors responsible for the olive oil hybrids
discrimination. 相似文献
2.
3.
Mensink RP 《Lipids》2005,40(12):1201-1205
More than 40 years ago, saturated FA with 12, 14, and 16 carbon atoms (lauric acid, myristic acid, and palmitic acid) were
demonstrated to be “hypercholesterolemic saturated FA.” It was further concluded that the serum total cholesterol level would
hardly be changed by isocaloric replacement of stearic acid (18∶0) by oleic acid (cis-18∶1n−9) or carbohydrates. These earlier studies did not address the effects of the various FA on the serum lipoprotein profile.
Later studies found that the hypercholesterolemic saturated FA increase serum total cholesterol levels by raising concentrations
of both the atherogenic LDL and the antiatherogenic HDL. Consequently, the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol will hardly change
when carbohydrates replace these saturated FA. Compared with other saturated FA, stearic acid lowers LDL cholesterol. Studies
on the effects on HDL cholesterol are less conclusive. In some, the effects on HDL cholesterol were comparable to those of
palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid, whereas in others a decrease was observed. This may suggest that in this respect
the source of stearic acid is of importance, which needs however further study. From all these studies, however, it can be
concluded that stearic acid may decrease the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol slightly when compared with palmitic or myristic
acid. Without doubt, the effects of stearic acid are more favorable than those of trans monounsaturated FA. 相似文献
4.
The composition of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) was studied in cord blood lipoproteins to determine whether
equilibration of the molecular species of phospholipids among lipoproteins was comparable with that reported for adults. The
molecular species distributions of PC in low density lipoprotein (LDL) differed from that of high density lipoprotein (HDL).
Whereas LDL PC was richer in combinations of fatty acids with 16 and 18 carbon atoms than HDL, the HDL was markedly enriched
in combinations of fatty acids with 18 and 20 carbon atoms. Sphingomyelins in LDL were richer in palmitic acid than HDL while
HDL had a greater proportion of long chain sphingomyelin than LDL. The molecular species of PC and SM do not equilibrate in
cord blood. The results for the SM distributions were similar to other reports for adult human lipoprotein. However, the marked
differential distribution of PC among lipoproteins appears unique to cord blood. The mechanisms responsible for equilibrating
PC among lipoproteins are less well developed in the neonate when compared with the adult. 相似文献
5.
The administration of tamoxifen (Tam), a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, or of a diphenyl-methane derivative of Tam that does not
bind to the estrogen receptor (DPPE) of cockerels results in a marked decrease in the concentration of serum lipoprotein constitutents
with an apparent alteration in phospholipid composition. To establish the nature of changes in phospholipids, the molecular
species of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (Sph) were isolated and characterized. Between 9 and 18 hr following
the administration of Tam or DPPE, there was a marked decrease in the proportion of molecular species of serum PC containing
C16 and C18 fatty acids, but there was an increase in the proportion of molecular species containing C20 and C22 polyunsaturated
fatty acids. Fatty acid analyses revealed that this change was due to an increase in arachidonic and docosaxaenoic acids at
the expense of oleic and linoleic acids. These proportional changes were due to an absolute decrease in serum of PC molecular
species containing palmitic and stearic acids in association with oleic and linoleic acids with very little change in the
absolute concentration of molecular species containing arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids. By contrast, the composition
of Sph, which contained palmitic acid as the major fatty acid, was not altered during treatment. It is concluded that the
short-term effect of Tam and DPPE on plasma phospholipids of the cockerel is due to a selective conservation of PC containing
long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. 相似文献
6.
The distribution of individual molecular species of the main wheat flour glycolipids, digalactosyldiglyceride (DGDG), monogalactosyldiglyceride
(MGDG), digalactosylmonoglyceride (DGMG) and monogalactosylmonoglyceride (MGMG) has been investigated by reversed phase high-performance
liquid chromatography of their benzoate derivatives after the respective galactosylglyceride classes were obtained by semi-preparative
high-performance liquid chromatography. Combinations of linoleic acid at thesn-2 position with linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids at thesn-1 position predominated as major common molecular species of MGDG and DGDG. The pairs 16:0/20:4, 18:3/20:1, 18:0/18:3, 18:0/18:1
and 20:0/18:2 were determined only among MGDG molecular species. Five common molecular species containing 16:0, 18:0, 18:1,
18:2 and 18:3 fatty acids, respectively, were determined in MGMG and DGMG, with 18:2 being the most predominant form, and
18:1 (MGMG) and 16:0 (DGMG) as the next major fatty acids. 相似文献
7.
Variability in fatty acid compositions of peanuts imported from six different countries into the United States were studied to determine their effect on processing and storage conditions. The oil content ranged from 44.1 to 50.4%. Major fatty acids, palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:l), and linoleic acid (C18:2) ranged from 8.6 to 12.7, 35.9 to 61.1 and 21.7 to 44.2%, respectively. Oleic and lino-leic acids together comprised ca. 78.0–83.0% of the total fatty acids. Highly significant differences (P<.01) in fatty acid compositions were obtained between samples and between locations (countries of origin). Indicators of stability of the peanut samples as measured by the oleic/linoleic acid ratio (O/L) and iodine value (IV) of the extracted peanut oils showed variable but significant differences (P <.05) between locations. Generally, higher O/L ratios corresponding to lower IV indicate better stability and longer shelf-life of the samples. 相似文献
8.
Jana Orsavova Ladislava Misurcova Jarmila Vavra Ambrozova Robert Vicha Jiri Mlcek 《International journal of molecular sciences》2015,16(6):12871-12890
Characterizations of fatty acids composition in % of total methylester of fatty acids (FAMEs) of fourteen vegetable oils—safflower, grape, silybum marianum, hemp, sunflower, wheat germ, pumpkin seed, sesame, rice bran, almond, rapeseed, peanut, olive, and coconut oil—were obtained by using gas chromatography (GC). Saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), palmitic acid (C16:0; 4.6%–20.0%), oleic acid (C18:1; 6.2%–71.1%) and linoleic acid (C18:2; 1.6%–79%), respectively, were found predominant. The nutritional aspect of analyzed oils was evaluated by determination of the energy contribution of SFAs (19.4%–695.7% ERDI), PUFAs (10.6%–786.8% ERDI), n-3 FAs (4.4%–117.1% ERDI) and n-6 FAs (1.8%–959.2% ERDI), expressed in % ERDI of 1 g oil to energy recommended dietary intakes (ERDI) for total fat (ERDI—37.7 kJ/g). The significant relationship between the reported data of total fat, SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs intakes (% ERDI) for adults and mortality caused by coronary heart diseases (CHD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in twelve countries has not been confirmed by Spearman’s correlations. 相似文献
9.
The fatty acid composition of individual phospholipids in subcellular fractions of sheep platelets and the asymmetrical distribution
of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) fatty acyl chains across the plasma membrane were examined. The main fatty acids of total
lipid extracts were oleic (18∶1; 32–41%), linoleic (18∶2, 10–17%), stearic (18∶0; 13–15%), palmitic (16∶0; 11–15%) and arachidonic
(20∶4; 8–12%) acids, with a saturated/unsaturated ratio of about 0.4. Each phospholipid class had a distinct fatty acid pattern.
Sphingomyelin (SM) showed the highest degree of saturation (50%), with large proportions of behenic (22∶0), 18∶0 and 16∶0
acids. The main fatty acid in PE, phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) was 18∶1n−9. Our findings suggest that
fatty acids are asymmetrically distributed between thecholineversus the non-choline phospholipids, and also between plasma membranes and intracellular membranes. The transbilayer distribution
of PE fatty acids in plasma membranes from non-stimulated sheep platelets was investigated using trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
(TNBS). A significant degree of asymmetry was found, which is a new observation in a non-polar cell. The PE molecules from
the inner monolayer contained higher amounts of 18∶2 and significantly less 18∶1 and 20∶5 than those found in the outer monolayer,
although no major differences were detected in the transbilayer distribution of total unsaturatedversus saturated PE acyl chains. 相似文献
10.
Leaves from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants were assayed to determine if the relationship between temperature and relative fatty acid composition
observed in the seed oil also existed for the triglycerides in the leaf oil. Leaf samples were harvested from eight soybean
lines (A5, A6, C1640, Century, Maple Arrow, N78-2245, PI 123440 and PI 361088B) grown at 40/30,28/22 and 15/ 12°C day/night.
At 40/30 and 28/22°C, seven fatty acids were observed at a level greater than 1.0%. These included the five major fatty acids
found in the seed oil: palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) acid; plus two
fatty acids that had retention times the same as palmitoleic (16:1) and γ-linolenic (18:3 g) acid. In addition, an eighth
fatty acid that had a retention time the same as behenic (22:0) acid was found in the leaves of all lines at 15/12°C. Palmitic,
palmitoleic and stearic acid content did not differ significantly over temperatures. The oleic and linoleic acid content were
each highest at 15/12°C, while the γ-linolenic and the linolenic acid content were each highest at 40/30°C. The fatty acid
composition of the triglyceride portion of the leaf oil did not display the same pattern over temperatures as that observed
for seed oil. 相似文献
11.
The sn position of fatty acids in seed oil lipids affects physiological function in pharmaceutical and dietary applications. In
this study the composition of acyl-chain substituents in the sn positions of glycerol backbones in triacylglycerols (TAG) have been compared. TAG from native and transgenic medium-chain
fatty acid-enriched rape seed oil were analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with online
atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry. The transformation of summer rape with thioesterase and
3-ketoacyl-[ACP]-synthase genes of Cuphea lanceolata led to increased expression of 1.5% (w/w) caprylic acid (8:0), 6.7% (w/w) capric acid (10:0), 0.9% (w/w) lauric acid (12:0), and 0.2% (w/w) myristic acid (14:0). In contrast, linoleic (18:2n6) and alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n3) levels decreased compared with the
original seed oil. The TAG sn position distribution of fatty acids was also modified. The original oil included eleven unique TAG species whereas the transgenic
oil contained sixty. Twenty species were common to both oils. The transgenic oil included trioctadecenoyl-glycerol (18:1/18:1/18:1)
and trioctadecatrienoyl-glycerol (18:3/18:3/18:3) whereas the native oil included only the latter. The transgenic TAG were
dominated by combinations of caprylic, capric, lauric, myrisitic, palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1n9), linoleic,
arachidic (20:0), behenic (22:0), and lignoceric acids (24:0), which accounted for 52% of the total fat. In the original TAG
palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids accounted for 50% of the total fat. Medium-chain triacylglycerols with capric
and lauric acids combined with stearic, oleic, linoleic, alpha-linolenic, arachidic, and gondoic acids (20:1n9) accounted
for 25% of the transgenic oil. The medium-chain fatty acids were mainly integrated into the sn-1/3 position combined with the essential linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids at the sn-2 position. Eight species contained caprylic, capric, and lauric acids in the sn-2 position. The appearance of new TAG in the transgenic oil illustrates the extensive effect of genetic modification on fat
metabolism by transformed plants and offers interesting possibilities for improved enteral applications. 相似文献
12.
Qingkang Wang Huixian Xing Xiangliu Liu Lili Mao Ze Wei Haijun Zhang Liyuan Wang Haoran Wang Muhammad Saeed Guihua Zhang Xianliang Song Xue-Zhen Sun Yanchao Yuan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2020,97(4):331-340
Rapid and accurate analysis of cottonseed protein content and the composition of fatty acids (especially, saturated fatty acids) is often required in cotton production and breeding programs. This study aimed to establish a set of effective estimation models for these parameters. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration equations using partial least-squares regression for protein concentration, oil concentration, and five fatty acids of shell-intact cottonseeds were established based on 90 varieties, and the prediction abilities of the calibration models were verified using 45 other varieties. The prediction abilities of the NIRS calibration equations were basically consistent with external validation results. Each equation was assessed based on the ratio of performance to deviation (RPDp). Protein content and seed total fatty acid (STA) content had high RPDp values (3.687 and 3.530, respectively), whereas cottonseed kernel total fatty acid (KTA) content, linoleic acid (18:2), stearic acid (18:0), myristic acid (14:0), and palmitic acid (16:0) exhibited relatively high RPDp (2.866, 2.836, 2.697, 2.676, and 2.506, respectively). The calibration model for oleic acid (18:1) had a low RPDp (1.945). The results indicated that NIRS can be used to rapidly determine contents of STA, KTA, protein, stearic acid (18:0), myristic acid (14:0), and palmitic acid (16:0) in shell-intact cottonseed. 相似文献
13.
Suspension cell cultures of cocoa bean rapidly incorporated palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids into cellular lipids.
Thus, 75 and 20% of [1-14C] palmitic acid was incorporated into polar lipids and triglycerides, respectively, after 48 hr. When [1-14C] oleic and [1-14C] linoleic acid were added separately, polar lipids consistently contained most of the radioactive fatty acids. Ca. 60% of
the stearic acid accumulated as unesterified fatty acid in the cells. Palmitic and stearic acid were not desaturated, but
oleic acid and linoleic acid were further desaturated. The kinetics of conversion of oleic acid and linoleic acid suggested
a sequential desaturation pathway of 18∶1→18∶2→18∶3 in cocoa bean cell suspensions. 相似文献
14.
We examined the effect of diet on gallstone incidence and the composition of biliary phosphatidylcholines in methyltestosterone-treated
female hamsters. These hamsters were fed a nutritionally adequate purified lithogenic diet containing 2% corn oil, 4% butterfat,
0.3% cholesterol, and 0.05% methyltestosterone, resulting in a cholesterol gallstone incidence of 86%. This incidence was
lowered when mono-and polyunsaturated fats or fatty acids were added to the diet: 2.5% oleic acid resulted in total prevention
of cholesterol cholelithiasis, 2.5% linoleic acid, and 4% safflower oil (78% linoleic acid content) reduced gallstone incidence
to 26 and 8%, respectively. An additional 4% butterfat (29% oleic acid content) produced gallstones in 50% of the animals.
At the end of the 6-wk feeding period, the bile of all hamsters was supersaturated with cholesterol. The major biliary phosphatidylcholine
species in all groups were (sn-1-sn-2): 16:0–18:2, 16:0–18:1, 18:0–18:2, 16:0–20:4, and 18:2–18:2. The safflower oil-and linoleic acidfed hamsters exhibited
an enrichment of 16:0–18:2 (16–18%); added butterfat or oleic acid increased the proportion of 16:0–18:1 (9 and 25%, respectively).
We conclude that the phosphatidylcholine molecular species in female hamster bile can be altered by dietary fats/fatty acids
and that mono-and polyunsaturated fatty acids play a role in suppressing the induced cholelithiasis. 相似文献
15.
L. J. Filer Jr. Samuel J. Fomon Thomas A. Anderson Thomas L. Nixt Dean W. Andersen 《Lipids》1974,9(8):536-540
Fatty acid composition of carcass and liver and proximate analysis of liver were studied in 14–28 day old Pitman-Moore miniature pigs, 26 sow-reared and 30 fed a semisynthetic diet in which the fat was lard. With increasing age, fat of carcass, but not of liver, became significantly more unsaturated. The percentage of palmitic acid (16∶0) and total saturated fatty acids was significantly greater and the percentage of linoleic acid (18∶2) and total unsaturated fatty acids significantly less in carcasses of male than of female pigs. No sex-related differences in proximate or fatty acid composition of the liver were noted. Carcasses of sow-reared pigs contained significantly greater percentages of myristic (14∶0), palmitoleic (16∶1), and linoleic acids and significantly lesser percentages of stearic (18∶0) and oleic (18∶1) acids than did those of pigs fed the semisynthetic diet. Diet-related differences in fatty acid composition of liver closely paralleled those of carcass, although liver contained markedly greater percentages of stearic and arachidonic (20∶4) acids and lesser percentages of palmitoleic and oleic acids than did carcass. Diet-related differences in fatty acid composition of carcass and liver are discussed in relation to the fatty acid composition of dietary fat (sow milk and lard). 相似文献
16.
The influence of culture conditions on the fatty acid composition in lipids produced by Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus
CBS 4517 was studied.
The major fatty acids in C. albidus var. albidus were oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2) and palmitic (16:0) acid. The relative
amounts of fatty acids produced varied considerably during growth and lipid accumulation phases in nitrogen-limited as well
as excess-nitrogen cultures. The degree of unsaturation correlated to the lipid content in the biomass and decreased with
increasing amounts of cellular lipid. After glucose exhaustion, no further changes in the fatty acid composition nor in the
lipid content of the cells were observed. A number of carbon and nitrogen sources could be utilized for lipid synthesis, but
they influenced the fatty acid composition only to a minor extent. 相似文献
17.
Dexamethasone depresses Δ6 and Δ5 and increases Δ9 desaturase and synthase activities. Therefore, we investigated the effect
on the fatty acid composition of microsomal liver lipids and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) molecular species. After 15 d of
treatment we found a notable decrease in arachidonic acid, a small decrease in stearic acid, and increases of linoleic, oleic,
palmitoleic, and palmitic acids in liver microsomal total lipids and PtdCho. The study of the distribution of the PtdCho molecular
species indicated that 18∶0/20∶4n−6, 16∶0/20∶4n−6, and 16∶0/18∶2n−6 predominated in the control animals. Dexamethasone, as
expected because of its depressing effect on arachidonic acid synthesis and activation of oleic and palmitic acid synthesis,
evoked a very significant decrease in 18∶0/20∶4n−6 PtdCho (P<0.001) and an important increase in 16∶0/18∶2n−6. The invariability of 16∶0/20∶4n−6 PtdCho could be related to the antagonistic
effect of arachidonic and palmitic acid synthesis. PtdCho species containing oleic acid were not significant. The bulk fluidity
and dynamic properties of the microsomal lipid bilayer measured by fluorometry using the probes 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene
and 4-trimethylammonium-phenyl-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene showed no significant modification, probably owing to a compensatory
effect of the different molecular species, but changes of particular domains not detected by this technique are possible.
However, the extremely sensitive Laurdan detected increased lipid packing in the less-fluid domains of the polar-nonpolar
interphase of the bilayer, possibly evoked by the change of molecular species and cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. The most
important effect found is the decrease of arachidonic acid pools in liver phospholipids as one of the corresponding causes
of dexamethasone-dependent pharmacological effects. 相似文献
18.
Mehmet etin Ayhan Yldrm A. Metin ahin 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2003,105(11):683-687
The fatty acid composition and total trans fatty acid content in 10 margarines produced in Turkey were determined by capillary gas chromatography and Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. The fatty acid composition ranged as follows: saturated fatty acids, C16:0 (palmitic) 11.3 to 31.8% and C18:0 (stearic) 5.7 to 8.7%, monounsaturated fatty acids, C18:1 (oleic) 21.8 to 35.7% and C18:1 trans isomers 0.4 to 27.4%, polyunsaturated fatty acid, C18:2 linoleic acid 5.2 to 40.2%. Some positional isomers of C18:1 as cis‐11‐octadecenoic acid varied from 0.7 to 4.6% and cis‐13 trace to 2.4%. The total trans fatty acid contents were between 0.9 and 32.0% when measured with capillary gas chromatography and between 0 and 30.2% with FT‐IR spectroscopy. Some of the margarines analyzed contained trace amount of trans fatty acids which could not be detected by FT‐IR spectroscopy. 相似文献
19.
T. H. Applewhite 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1966,43(6):406-408
Safflower has some interesting variations in composition. Current commercial seed types have about 40% hull, 37% oil, and
23% meal. Varities also exist with from 59-18% hull and inversely varying oil and meal percentages. The fatty acid composition
of the linoleic acid type oils is quite constant at about 78% linoleic, 11% oleic, 3% stearic, 6% palmitic. Experimental types
have been described with about 45% oleic: 45% linoleic, 80% oleic: 10% linoleic, and with 10% stearic. Compositional data
are reviewed with particular attention to major and minor constituents (especially linolenic acid) that influence safflower
use.
W. Utiliz. Res. Dev. Div., ARS, USDA. 相似文献
20.
C. R. Cavaglieri Felippe P. C. Calder M. G. Vecchia M. R. Campos J. Mancini-Filho E. A. Newsholme R. Curi 《Lipids》1997,32(6):587-591
The effect of oat bran-(OBD) and wheat bran-enriched diets (WBD) on fatty acid composition of neutral lipids and phospholipids
of rat lymphocytes and macrophages was investigated. In neutral lipids of lymphocytes, OBD reduced the proportion of palmitoleic
acid (48%), whereas WBD reduced by 43% palmitoleic acid and raised oleic (18%), linoleic (52%), and arachidonic (2.5-fold)
acids. In neutral lipids of macrophages, OBD increased palmitic (16%) and linoleic (29%) acids and slightly decreased oleic
acid (15%). The effect of WBD, however, was more pronounced: It reduced myristic (60%), stearic (24%) and arachidonic (63%)
acids, and it raised palmitic (30%) and linoleic (2.3-fold) acids. Neither OBD nor WBD modified the composition of fatty acids
in phospholipids of lymphocytes. In contrast, both diets had a marked effect on composition of fatty acids in macrophage phospholipids.
OBD raised the proportion of myristic (42%) and linoleic (2,4-fold) acids and decreased that of lauric (31%), palmitoleic
(43%), and arachidonic (29%) acids. WBD increased palmitic (18%) and stearic (23%) acids and lowered palmitoleic (35%) and
arachidonic (78%) acids. Of both cells, macrophages were more responsive to the effect of the fiber-rich diets on fatty aicd
composition of phospholipids. The high turnover of fatty acids in macrophage membranes may explain the differences between
both cells. The modifications observed due to the effects of both diets were similar in few cases: an increase in palmitic
and linoleic acids of total neutral lipids occurred and a decrease in palmitoleic and arachidonic acids of phospholipid. Therefore,
the mechanism involved in the effect of both diets might be different. 相似文献