钽铌酸钾晶体相结构和相变的研究

本文采用 X 射线粉末衍射法研究了不同组分钽铌酸钾的相结构、高温相变特征和温度与组分的关系等。并讨论了相变的过程。     

Nano-engineering of the anchoring of liquid crystals on solid surfaces

The solid surface in the conventional liquid crystal displays, being responsible for the liquid crystal alignment in the absence of external fields, is playing only a passive role in the switching of the liquid crystal layer. Recently, we have shown that the anchoring strength and the easy axis, two important parameters characterizing the liquid crystal alignment, can effectively be controlled by light via photo-induced nano-scale changes of the solid surface properties. We have also introduced two novel concepts of commanded anchoring, the electrically commanded surfaces (for mediating switching of the liquid crystal) and the high performance alignment layers (for facilitating the switching of the liquid crystal) realized practically by means of a proper nano-engineering of the alignment layer. Electrically commanded anchoring concepts are strong candidates for implementation in a new generation of advanced liquid crystal displays and devices.     

Synthesis and characterization of liquid crystals and their thermoset films

We prepared a series of aromatic liquid crystals (LCs) based on aromatic ester units with the reactive end groups methyl-maleimide and nadimide, and the resulting LCs were thermally cross-linked to produce liquid crystalline thermoset (LCT) films by means of solution-casting and heat treatment. The synthesized LCs and LCTs were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermomechanical analysis (TMA), and polarizing optical microscopy with a hot stage. We found that all these LCs form nematic phases. The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of the LCT films are strongly affected by the reactive end group and the mesogen units in their main-chain structures. The methyl-maleimide-terminated biphenyl LCT was found to have the lowest CTE.     

Optically switchable and axially symmetric half-wave plate based on photoaligned liquid crystal films

We demonstrate an optically switchable half-wave plate (HWP) composed of a photoaligned and axially symmetric liquid crystal (ASLC) film containing two azobenzene derivatives, methyl red (MR) and 4-butyl-4′-methoxyazobenzene (BMAB). MR is responsible for photoalignment, and BMAB is used for optical tuning and switching the state of polarization (SOP) of probe beam (633 nm He–Ne laser) passing through the MR/BMAB doped ASLC film. The photoaligned ASLC film is first fabricated using a line-shaped laser beam (532 nm) exposure applied on a rotating LC sample. The fabricated ASLC film can passively change the linearly polarized light. Under UV light exposure, the formation of cis-BMAB (bend-like shape) within the film disrupts the LC molecules, switches the LC orientation, and further changes the SOP of the probe beam. Under laser irradiation (532 nm), the formation of trans-BMAB (rod-like shape) reverts the LC orientation back and simultaneously generates cis-MR, helping anchor the LC in the previously photoaligned orientation. The photoaligned MR/BMAB-doped LC HWP can change the linear SOP under alternating UV and visible light exposure.     

Phase Diagram for Predicting In Situ Fibrillation of LCP During Molding

The present work represents an important attempt at constructing a phase diagram for predicting the type and extent of fibrillation of the liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) phase in LCP-based polymer blends. A polycarbonate (PC)/LCP polymer blend was utilized in the current study. The combined effects of three factors, namely, the shear rate, the LCP content in the blend, and interfacial adhesion between the LCP phase and the matrix polymer (PC) were considered. In contrast, work in reported literature has usually considered the individual effect of only one or at most two of these three factors. A thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer, LC5000, consisting of 80/20 of hydroxybenzoic acid and poly(terephthalate) was employed. The effect of interfacial adhesion between the LCP and the PC matrix on fibrillation was considered by using a compatibilizer for the PC/LCP blend. It was demonstrated that the constructed phase diagram could successfully be used to predict and illustrate the conditions under which in situ fibrillation of the LCP phase would occur in the LCP-based blend.     

三元无规全芳聚酯酰胺的热致液晶行为

由对苯二甲酰氯（ＴＰＣ）和二甲基联苯胺（ＤＭＢＤ）和双酚Ａ（ＢＰＡ）合成了三元无规全芳聚酯酰胺（ＰＥＡ）。用ＤＳＣ、Ｘ光衍射分析和偏光显微镜等手段表征了该类聚合物的热致液晶性质,确认了不同单体的比例的ＰＥＡ均为热致向列型液晶聚合物,且不出现液晶相转变温度直至聚合物分解。由于ＰＥＡ中聚酰胺链段之间的氢键作用,ＰＥＡ为熔融温度随ＤＭＢＤ的比例增加而升高,即使ＤＭＢＤ链单元为２０％（ｍｏｌ）的ＰＥＡ,其     

Dynamics of photoinduced motions in azobenzene grafted polybutadienes

The goal of the investigations was to measure the dynamics of photoinduced motions in semicrystalline polybutadiene backbone based polymer grafted with various degree of mesogenic thiols. We studied the influence of the grafting degree of the azobenzene-containing side groups and the length of terminal oxyaliphatic substituent in the side groups on the dynamics of the laser holographic volume and surface gratings recording. Measurements were performed in a typical laser degenerate two-wave mixing experiment, in which light self-diffraction efficiency during holographic recording was monitored. Mathematical model for grating formation based on coupling of three gratings has been assumed to elaborate the obtained results. Theoretical estimations and experimental results have shown very good agreement.     

The driving force for homeotropic alignment of a triphenylene derivative in a hexagonal columnar mesophase on single substrates

An interesting discotic triphenylene derivative, 2,7-biscarbethoxy-3,6,10,11-tetrapentyloxytriphenylene, can be homeotropically aligned on a large scale as a film on single substrates, i.e. the film with one side on the substrate and the other side freestanding. The alignment is achieved in a controlled condition close to a thermodynamic equilibrium state in a liquid crystal phase when interactions at the substrate surface are limited. Phase changing properties of this material are also a key factor in the alignment processes. The aligned structures are observed with an optical microscope. Within a single domain a hexagonal lattice of a d-spacing 16.3 Å is confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurement.     

双折射波片相位差的精确表达

为了更准确地描述双折射波片的特性,提出了取消普遍采用的传统相位差表达式中所包含的近似假设的思想。从晶体双折射的性质出发,结合双折射波片的结构特点,将e光波法线在波片中的折射角和折射率用入射角及晶体的参量表示出来,推导出e光波法线与o光波法线间相位差更准确的表达式。为了研究偏振光之间干涉的需要,推导出光线间相位差的精确表达式,以准确表述光线的路径,特别是晶片外的路径。更精确的相位差表述为更准确地分析双折射波片的特性提供了极大的方便。     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel series of unsymmetric dimesogenic compounds containing cholesteryl ester and nitroazobenzene moieties

The synthesis and mesomorphic properties of a novel series of dimesogenic compounds containing cholesteryl ester and 4′-nitroazobenzene moieties were reported. The two mesogenic units of these compounds were linked through dicarboxylic ester bonds, and the alkylene spacers' lengths were 2, 4, 6 and 8 methylenes. Their chemical structure and liquid crystalline properties were characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, hot-stage coupled polarizing optical microscopy and DSC. The results showed that these dimesogenic compounds were cholesteric liquid crystals over a wide range both in heating and cooling processes. They exhibit iridescent colors in the liquid crystalline states. These compounds are potential candidates for applications in liquid crystalline exhibition and optical-electric functional devices.     

Structural and chemical characteristics of (Ti,Al)N films prepared by ion mixing and vapor deposition

The characterization of titanium aluminum nitride (Ti,Al)N films prepared by ion mixing and vapor deposition (IVD) technique has been performed using several analytical techniques. In this study, the phase diagram of the films with various evaporation ratios Al/Ti was summarized successfully. The phase transition from single-phase NaCl to double-phase (NaCl+wurtzite) structure occurs with an increase of Al/Ti and/or with a decrease of substrate temperature. The (Ti,Al)N films with two-phase structure have a high performance in hardness. They are also highly resistant to oxidation. Consequently, the results suggest that the Al oxide layers formed on the top of (Ti,Al)N films during elevated temperature oxidation tests protect the films from further oxidation.     

PMP中的液晶投影器的性能研究

针对液晶投影器能容易地通过图象板与微机连接，接收ＰＣ机发出的数字电信号并把接收到的信号转换成模拟的光信号投影，可以根据实际应用时控制投影光栅的周期及相移，提出了基于ＬＣＤ投影的全电子的ＰＭＰ方法。     

Synthesis and characterization of novel liquid crystalline polymers containing cholesteryl pendant groups

In order to investigate the chiral effect of cholesteryl pendant groups on the induction of the cholesteric phase, a new cholesteryl-containing liquid crystalline monomer was synthesized and copolymerized with an achiral comonomer in various molar ratios. The layer-like arrangement of the smectic mesophase with different monomeric compositions of copolymers was investigated using an X-ray diffraction analysis. The cholesteric liquid phase was induced by the chiral segments; the dependence of the reciprocal central reflection wavelength on the mole fraction of the chiral monomer for copolymers was investigated. This paper demonstrates the effect of chiral pendant groups on the induction of the cholesteric phase and layered molecular arrangement of side-chain liquid crystalline polymers.     

Luminescent properties of Al2O3:Ce single crystalline films under synchrotron radiation excitation

The paper is dedicated to study the luminescent and scintillation properties of the Al₂O₃:Ce single crystalline films (SCF) grown by LPE method onto saphire substrates from PbO based flux. The structural quality of SCF samples was investigated by XRD method. For characterization of luminescent properties of Al₂O₃:Ce SCFs the cathodoluminescence spectra, scintillation light yield (LY) and decay kinetics under excitation by α-particles of Pu²³⁹ source were used. We have found that the scintillation LY of Al₂O₃:Ce SCF samples is relatively large and can reach up to 50% of the value realized in the reference YAG:Ce SCF. Using the synchrotron radiation excitation in the 3.7–25 eV range at 10 K we have also determined the basic parameters of the Ce³⁺ luminescence in Al₂O₃ host.     

Investigation of the phase formation wave in the model of solid state amorphization

Computation results of the model of solid state amorphization (SSA) based on a general approach to non-equilibrium phase transitions are reported. The model takes into account the mutual interaction of the structural elements of the amorphous phase via a deformation field. For the experimental parameters, corresponding to semiconductors undergoing amorphization by high-pressure treatment, a family of self-sustaining autowave solutions in the form of a traveling front, a traveling pulse and a series of pulses associated with the traveling front was obtained. The relation of these solutions with the expected morphology of amorphous samples produced by SSA is discussed.