Stand der Emissionsmeßtechnik im Abgas der Rückstandsverbrennung

State of the art of emission measuring techniques in the flue gas of waste incineration plants. It is necessary to critically consider measuring techniques in the light of new requirements for waste incinerators (17th ordinance dating from Dec. 1990). Selected examples are concerned with the primary components of flue gas: particulate matter and trace metals, organics with total carbon content, and important groups such as organochlorine compounds (e.g. dioxins/furans) and inorganic chlorides (such as hydrogen chlorine). The evaluation concludes by considering manual techniques as well as monitoring systems and measures for quality assurance. Finally, an account of recent developments in the monitoring of ammonia and mercury is presented.     

Vergleich der Effektivität von bewehrten und unbewehrten Rührsystemen in der chemischen Verfahrenstechnik

In spite of the fact that vortex formation, in unbaffled agitated vessels, is in most cases an undesirable phenomenon, many cases exist in chemical engineering where unbaffled systems can be used with greater effectivness than systems with baffles, at the same or even smaller energy consumption levels. Satisfactory results can also be obtained in unbaffled agitatated vessels without an air-liquid interface. These facts, viewed in the light of energy problems in the chemical industry, show the current importance of comparative studies of baffled and unbaffled systems. In the present review article some characteristic cases from the fields of fluid dynamics, homogeneous distribution processes, suspensions, as well as mass-transfer and heat-transfer operations in baffled and unbaffled agitated vessels are presented and comparatively discussed in relation to their effectivness.     

Vergleich der Verteilungskurven der Katalysatorkorngrößen bei der Hydrierung von Fetten

Comparison of the Distribution Curves of the Particle Sizes of Catalysts in the Hydrogenation of Fats In the present paper the particle sizes of 14 hydrogenation catalysts and 2 kinds of commercial kieselguhr were studied using a laser analyzer. Assuming a log-normal distribution the distribution curves for the particle sizes were treated by the least-squares method. From the μ and σ parameters obtained the different characteristics of the catalysts were discussed.