一种红外焦平面的数字化输出设计方案

为了实现红外焦平面数字化输出,设计了一种带片上模数转换的焦平面读出电路,包括一个8×1的读出电路单元阵列和一个基于逐次逼近算法的10位模数转换器.单元读出电路采用了电容反馈负阻抗放大器结构作为输入级,输出的信号经采样保持后通过多路传输送到模数转换器.设计的逐次逼近型的模数转换器中的比较器采用的是两级开环结构,数模转换器采用的是高位电荷缩放低位电压缩放型的结构.在Cadence全定制设计平台下,采用0.6μm双多晶硅、双金属层的CMOS工艺模型对电路进行了仿真和版图设计.整个读出电路采用5V电压供电,20kHz的采样输出时仿真平均功耗约为5mW.     

一种红外焦平面的数字化输出设计方案

为了实现红外焦平面数字化输出，设计了一种带片上模数转换的焦平面读出电路，包括一个8×1的读出电路单元阵列和一个基于逐次逼近算法的10位模数转换器。单元读出电路采用了电容反馈负阻抗放大器结构作为输入级，输出的信号经采样保持后通过多路传输送到模数转换器。设计的逐次逼近型的模数转换器中的比较器采用的是两级开环结构，数模转换器采用的是高位电荷缩放低位电压缩放型的结构。在Cadence全定制设计平台下，采用0．6μm双多晶硅、双金属层的CMOS工艺模型对电路进行了仿真和版图设计。整个读出电路采用5V电压供电，20kHz的采样输出时仿真平均功耗约为5mW。     

一种红外焦平面的数字化输出设计方案

为了实现红外焦平面数字化输出，设计了一种带片上模数转换的焦平面读出电路，包括一个8×1的读出电路单元阵列和一个基于逐次逼近算法的10位模数转换器。单元读出电路采用了电容反馈负阻抗放大器结构作为输入级，输出的信号经采样保持后通过多路传输送到模数转换器。设计的逐次逼近型的模数转换器中的比较器采用的是两级开环结构，数模转换器采用的是高位电荷缩放低位电压缩放型的结构。在Cadence全定制设计平台下，采用0．6μm双多晶硅、双金属层的CMOS工艺模型对电路进行了仿真和版图设计。整个读出电路采用5V电压供电，20kHz的采样输出时仿真平均功耗约为5mW。     

红外焦平面读出电路集成数字输出

为了实现红外焦平面数字化输出,设计了一种集成片上模数转换的焦平面读出电路,包括一个512512的读出电路单元阵列和列共享的逐次逼近寄存器型模数转换器(SAR ADC)。单元读出电路采用了直接注入(DI)结构作为输入级,输出的信号通过多路传输送到模数转换器。设计的逐次逼近型的模数转换器中的比较器采用的是由前置放大器、锁存器、自偏置差分放大器和输出驱动器组成的高速比较器,数模转换器(DAC)采用的是三段式的电荷按比例缩放和电压按比例缩放相结合的结构。在Cadence和Synopsys设计平台下对模拟和数字部分电路分别进行设计、仿真与版图设计。电路工艺采用GLOBALFOUNDRIES公司0.35 m CMOS 3.3 V工艺加工流片。测试结果显示SAR ADC有效位数为8.2位,转换频率超过150 k Samples/s,功耗低于300 W,满足焦平面100帧频以及低功耗的需求。     

1 024×1 024 AlGaN紫外焦平面读出电路的超低功耗设计

提出了一种新型的超低功耗读出电路用于18 μm中心距1 024×1 024面阵规模的AlGaN紫外焦平面。为了实现低功耗设计紫外焦平面读出电路,采用了三种设计方法,包括:电容反馈跨阻放大器CTIA结构采用工作在亚阈值区的单端输入运算放大器,列像素源随缓冲器和电平移位电路共用同一个电流源负载以及列级缓冲器的分时尾电流源设计。由于像素单元内CTIA采用了单端输入运算放大器,在3.3 V供电电压下,每个像素单元最小工作电流仅8.5 nA。该读出电路设计了可调偏置电流电路使读出电路能得到更好的性能并基于SMIC 0.18 μm 1P6M混合信号工艺平台进行了设计制造。测试结果表明:由于采用了上述设计方法,整个芯片的功耗在2 MHz时钟8路输出模式下仅67.3 mW。     

一种弱光成像用AlGaN APD阵列的读出电路设计

设计了64×64 AlGaN雪崩光电二极管(APD)阵列的读出电路,该读出电路采用了具有稳定探测器偏压能力的电容跨阻抗放大器(CTIA)结构。利用APD的等效电路模型,推导了电荷-电压转换因子(CVF)与积分电容、放大器增益的关系。为增加最大探测光电流、降低响应的非均匀性,利用上述关系得到积分电容为70fF,放大器增益为300。读出电路的地址选择采用移位寄存器来实现,并采用电压缓冲器实现信号的输出。     

一种混合信号型时分复用上电复位及模拟音量控制电路

为了满足助听器SoC高精度、低功耗应用,提出一种基于8位逐次逼近模数转换器的混合信号型时分复用上电复位及模拟音量控制电路。该电路利用逐次逼近模数转换器输出结束标志信号作为时分信号,对电池电压和模拟音量电压进行交替检测。数字逻辑电路可实现对上电、欠压阈值以及延迟时间的灵活配置,同时也可进行信号处理以及产生上电复位和欠压报警信号。电路采用SMIC 130nm 1P8M混合信号工艺实现。测试结果表明,在供电电压1V时,电路能够完成高精度的上电复位、欠压报警和模拟音量检测功能;输入120 Hz正弦信号和15kHz时钟频率时,逐次逼近模数转换器输出信号最大信噪失真比为46.5dB,功耗仅有86μW。     

一种用于水听器电压检测的模拟前端电路

提出了一种用于水听器电压检测的模拟前端电路,包括低噪声低失调斩波运算放大器,跨导电容(gm-C)低通滤波器,增益放大器三部分主体电路;低噪声低失调斩波运算放大器用于提取水听器前端传感器输出的微弱电压信号;gm-C低通滤波器用于滤除电压信号频率外的高频噪声和高次谐波;最后经过增益放大器放大至后级模数转换器的输入电压范围,输出数字码流;芯片采用台积电(TSMC)0.18μm单层多晶硅六层金属(1P6M)CMOS工艺实现。测试结果表明,在电源电压1.8 V,输入信号25 kHz和200 kHz时钟频率下,斩波运放输入等效失调电压小于110μV;整体电路输出信号动态范围达到80 dB,功耗5.1 mW,满足水听器的检测要求。     

世界最高速的16M SRAM

日本索尼公司已研制成成世界最高存取速度gns的高速16MbSRAM。在用于电路内信号放大的读出放大器中，由于采用输入阻抗小的反馈型电流读出放大器，这种产品可用作高速存取。以前的SRAM采用电压读出放大器，而现今采用输入阻抗小的电流型读出放大器，可做到小的信号电平，实现数据传输速度的高速化。由于采用反馈型，减小小信号电平输出信号的偏移，再采用受激准分子激光光刻的最先进超微细加工技术，已达到最小线宽为0．35pm的高密度。世界最高速的16M SRAM@平凡     

基于15位像素级模数转换器的640×512规格中波红外成像用48 mW数字读出电路

提出了一种用于中波红外成像的基于15位像素级单斜率模数转换器的低功耗数字读出电路。像素级模数转换器采用一种新型功耗自适应的脉冲输出型比较器,只有当斜坡电压信号接近积分电压时,比较器才产生功耗。此外,比较器输出脉冲信号,降低了15位量化结果存储器上消耗的动态功耗。该存储器采用三管动态结构,仅占约54 μm²面积,以满足15 μm像素中心距的面积约束。量化结果以电流模式读出到列级,避免相邻列总线间的电压串扰。基于0.18 μm CMOS工艺,采用该结构,设计并制造了640×512 规格的数字读出电路。测试结果表明,在120 Hz的帧频下,功耗仅为48 mW,总积分电容为740 fF,电荷处理能力为8.8 Me^-。在满阱状态,等效到积分电容的噪声电压为116 μV,峰值信噪比为84 dB。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.