软岩粗粒土增湿变形特性研究

本文分别采用膜装试样和网装试样的试验方法,通过通入水蒸气和无气水的增湿方法,粗粒土试样由干到湿再到饱和,试样增湿含水量分别达到约5%、10%和25%.在上述试验的基础上,本文对不同增湿含水量情况下试样的变形特性进行分析,探讨试样增湿变形的微观机理和粒粒土的结构特性,提出粗粒土含水量的三个层次,并分析不同层次的水在对粗粒土增湿变形的影响,对实际工程具有一定的参考意义.     

Method of identifying weak transmission network stabilityboundaries

Methods of determining weak transmission stability boundaries are developed based on the strong controllability and observability properties of power systems. This theory has been previously applied to a dynamical model of the generators and network. It was established previously that the network and generator states associated with a cluster of generator and load buses surrounded by weak transmission boundaries are strongly controllable and observable for a single measurement and control at generators or load buses in that bus cluster. Such a bus cluster is called the control area. Two methods of determining control areas, where strong controllability and observability hold, are developed. Both methods attempt to determine weak transmission stability boundaries that encircle control areas. The groups of generators identified as belonging to each control area is identical to the groups of coherent generators determined using a RMS coherency measure evaluated for the set of all inertial load flow contingencies     

弱电网下双馈风力发电系统的稳定性极限研究

研究了弱交流电网下双馈风机的稳定性极限。首先,研究双馈风机注入电网的有功功率、端电压与转子d、q轴电流间的关系以及稳定性极限的物理约束,进行灵敏度分析,发现当电网变弱时,有功功率对转子d轴电流的灵敏度由正变负,降低了双馈风机的稳定性极限。然后,建立连接弱电网的双馈风机的小信号模型,通过特征根轨迹分析,研究双馈风机控制环路的动态行为对其稳定性极限的影响。分析结果表明,考虑所有控制环路的动态,在极弱电网情况下,等阻尼降低锁相环带宽或提高端电压控制环带宽可以提高稳定极限;若不考虑端电压控制环的动态特性,双馈风机失去动态无功支撑,稳定极限降低。     

Robust detection of a weak signal with redescending M‐estimators: A comparative study

On finite samples redescending M‐estimators outperform linear bounded Huber's M‐estimators. To provide stable detection of a weak signal of arbitrary shape, robust Neyman–Pearson detection rules based on redescending M‐estimators of location are introduced and studied. It is shown that, on the whole, robust detectors based on redescending M‐estimators outperform conventional Huber's linear bounded detectors rules under light‐ and heavy‐tailed noise distributions both on large and small samples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种电压薄弱负荷节点群的戴维南等值参数跟踪方法研究

提出了用戴维南等值参数对电压薄弱负荷节点群进行监视的一种方案。静态分析中,采用连续潮流法确定负荷节点电压——负荷参数曲线;在负荷变化率相同情况下,根据电压幅值变化量确定电压薄弱负荷节点;考虑低电压水平与电压崩溃的关系,提出电压幅值变化率作为电压薄弱负荷节点分群所观察信息,考虑地理因素,将电压薄弱负荷节点模糊聚类分群;将每个电压薄弱负荷节点群中典型节点电网侧戴维南等值参数跟踪。提出基于潮流的仿真计算方法进行戴维南等值参数跟踪,观测电压薄弱负荷节点群的电压稳定裕度。该方法在IEEE 118节点系统上验证了其有效性。     

Coherency identification by the method of weak coupling

A computationally efficient method for identifying groups of slowly coherent machines in an interconnected power system is presented. The method is based on the concept of weak coupling and uses a linearized representation of the total system. An algorithm is developed that rearranges the synchronous machines of the power system in order of their relative coupling. The machines are grouped into slowly coherent areas corresponding to the point of least coupling using a ‘coupling graph’. The method is illustrated by a case study on an 18-machine system. The results are validated by comparison with swing curves obtained from a transient stability simulation of the total system. It is shown that the proposed method identifies coherent groups that are independent of fault location.     

微弱信号检测的3种非线性方法

阐述了随机共振法、混沌振子法及差分振子法3种方法的基本监测思想,确定了数学模型。随机共振系统(SR)是一个非线性双稳态系统,存在着在某一最佳输入噪声强度下,使系统产生最高信噪比输出,达到抑制噪声、放大微弱信号的目的。SR系统数学模型可由非线性Langevin方程定义,并进行了分析及仿真。混沌系统具有对初值敏感性及对噪声免疫的特点,数学模型选用Holmes型Duffing方程为监测器,进行了分析及仿真。差分振子法是基于差分方程构造监测器,以二维离散性系统作为数学模型,进行了分析及仿真。将3种方法应用于同步发电机转子匝间短路故障监测和异步电动机转子断条故障监测的实例中是成功的,证明了3种方法的有效性和准确性。     

构网型变流器并网系统在强弱电网下的分岔分析

构网型变流器并网系统在强弱电网下均存在稳定性问题，但这2类稳定性问题之间的联系并不清晰。为此，基于分岔理论揭示了这2类稳定性问题之间的非线性动力学关系和过渡过程的物理图像。首先根据所建模型，对这2类稳定性问题的动力学响应进行分岔分析，得出系统在弱电网下会发生鞍结点分岔，在强电网下会依次发生霍普夫分岔、倍周期分岔并通向混沌。其次基于时间尺度理论进行模型降阶，然后通过小扰动和大扰动分析确定端电压控制是导致强弱电网下系统动力学行为差异的关键因素。之后运用复转矩法进一步揭示了端电压控制会导致系统在强弱电网下分别因阻尼转矩不足和同步转矩不足而失稳。最后通过多机仿真证实了多机系统也存在类似的强电网失稳问题。     

Asymptotically stable detection of a weak signal

To design highly efficient and robust detectors of a weak signal, an asymptotic approach to stable estimation exploiting redescending score functions is used. Two new indicators of robustness of detection, the detection error sensitivity and detection stability, are introduced. The optimal Neyman–Pearson rules maximizing detection efficiency under the guaranteed level of detection stability are written out. Under heavy‐tailed noise distributions, the proposed asymptotically stable detectors based on redescending score functions, namely, the minimum error sensitivity and the radical ones, outperform conventional linear bounded Huber's and redescending Hampel's detectors both on small and large samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种微弱光电信号调制解调电路设计研究

本文针对微弱光电信号或弱信噪比条件下的光电信号检测及数据采集,设计了一种基于自相关检测原理的调制解调电路,旨在用于传感器的光电强度调节及低信噪比信号检测.该电路利用自相关特性较明显的伪随机码与光纤传感器对被检测微弱信号进行调制解调,通过检测输出光强度达到检测微弱信号的目的.同时,对该电路方案进行了强噪声条件下的检测性能仿真研究,仿真结果表明,该电路方案能够有效地实现弱信噪比条件下的光电信号检测及数据采集.     

Evaluation by numerical analysis of magnetic shielding characteristics of bulk high‐Tc superconductor containing weak links

High‐T_c superconductors (HTS), which have the characteristics of critical current density over 3 × 10⁴ A/cm² at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) and 1 T, can be produced. Thus, they are promising for many practical applications such as a magnetic bearing, magnetic levitation, flywheel, and magnetic shielding. Since the HTS characteristics are not homogeneous in some specimens due to grain boundaries and cracks, the distribution of magnetic characteristics should be assessed. Thus, we have measured the distribution of the magnetic flux density on the surface of the HTS using a Hall element, and have evaluated its magnetic characteristics. The measurement of magnetic characteristics using a Hall element is difficult regarding the distribution of the magnetic flux density on the actual surface and inside of the HTS sample. In this research, we conducted a quantitative evaluation of the magnetic shielding characteristics of the HTS including weak links under a static magnetic field with the three‐dimensional finite element method analysis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(1): 9–17, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10209     

CFAR detection of weak target in clutter using chaos synchronization

In this paper, a novel constant false alarm rate (CFAR) approach for detecting weak targets in sea clutter spectrum based on chaos synchronization is proposed. The weak target signal is detected when the synchronization between two identical chaotic systems is realized, even if the target spectrum lies inside the clutter spectrum. The threshold for the proposed CFAR detection is derived theoretically. The proposed chaos‐synchronization‐based CFAR technique is shown to be able to enhance the detectability of the target when the signal‐to‐clutter ratio and signal‐to‐noise ratio are low. Numerical experiments based on real radar sea clutter data confirm the effectiveness of the proposed chaos‐synchronization‐based CFAR detection method. The performance is superior to those of the standard autoregressive estimation‐based and the cell‐averaging CFAR detectors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于弱交流磁化的钢材应力检测方法研究

定期对工业领域中的铁磁性构件进行应力检测可确保工业设备安全工作。提出了一种弱交流磁化条件下的基于磁弹效应的钢材应力检测方法。首先通过有限元仿真研究了弱交流磁化条件下的钢板力磁关系,并优化了测点位置。其次针对不同热磁处理钢板开展了弱交流磁化条件下的钢板应力磁测实验。结果表明,钢板表面法向弱交流感应磁场在不同频率下均具有良好的应力敏感特性;弹性应力变化范围为0～167 MPa时,钢板表面法向弱交流感应磁场幅值与应力之间具有近似线性单调的关系;消磁和热处理可以有效改善相同尺寸钢板的力磁关系的一致性;弱交流磁化条件下的应力磁测方案具有非接触、良好的一致性和抗背景磁场干扰等优势。     

Lyapunov指数算法在微弱信号检测中的应用

基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件,分析了Holmes-Duffing系统检测弱正弦信号的原理和仿真实验步骤.通过仿真结果表明,直接从相平面图中肉眼观察混沌临界状态的阈值容易存在较大的人为误差.针对这个问题,提出了利用Lyapunov指数算法来定量地分析系统的动力学特征,并进一步研究了最大Lyapunov指数与系统状态之间的关系.对临界区域进一步取值发现其LE指数在零点振荡跳跃说明了该混沌系统正处于间歇临界态.最后通过对信噪比为-40 dB的微弱信号进行检测来说明,采用Lyapunov指数算法能够更直观地判断微弱信号的存在,证明其检测方法的可行性.     

弱电网下电压源型逆变器锁相环的改进

弱电网并网运行时会产生谐波干扰以及电网电压频率波动等问题,导致逆变器输出电流谐波失真。弱电网并网环境对锁相环(Phase Locked Loop, PLL)的性能提出了更高的要求。针对弱电网下并网逆变器的控制要求,在分析并网电压源型逆变器(Voltage Source Converter, VSC)控制模型基础上,提出一种弱电网下PLL的优化方案。该方案采用超前补偿器补偿平均滑动滤波器(Moving Average Filtering, MAF)的相位延迟以提高系统的动态响应;引入前馈频率估计环,提高系统在电网电压频率偏差较大时的锁相精度,仿真验证改进的PLL的有效性。建立并网VSC系统实验平台对文中所述改进方法进行验证。实验结果表明,经PLL改进后的VSC系统在弱电网条件下具有良好的鲁棒性,逆变器入网电能质量得到了保证。     

弱磁检测技术研究进展与展望

弱磁检测技术是以铁磁材料力磁耦合效应为原理,通过采集构件表面自漏磁场信号,对铁磁材料的应力集中、早期损伤等进行诊断的无损检测技术。其主要优点包括无需激励磁化设备、无需提前处理构件表面、操作简单等等。梳理了近5年来弱磁检测方法研究进展,总结了缺陷处磁信号描述与计算方法,重点分析了利用弱磁检测技术判断与定位缺陷、缺陷损伤评判准则等方面的主要研究成果,陈述了缺陷定量化反演的进展,最后讨论了弱磁检测技术在工程上的应用现状。基于此,对弱磁检测技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于CMFDE的单向阀早期微弱故障诊断方法

对单向阀早期微弱故障进行诊断可预防高压隔膜泵因单向阀磨损击穿无法正常工作而造成经济损失及安全事故.针对往复式高压隔膜泵单向阀早期微弱故障特征不明显且受大量噪声干扰的问题,提出基于复合多尺度波动散布熵(composite multi scale fluctuation dispersion entropy,CMFDE)的...     

含分布式电源的配电网电压越限薄弱环节识别方法

提出一种含分布式电源(DG)的配电网电压越限薄弱环节的识别方法。对电压越限原因进行机理分析,确定导致电压越限可能的原因及其电压敏感度;定义压降比系数,提出计及网损的各节点DG/负荷最大准入容量的计算方法;研究将各节点实际接入DG容量归算至馈线末端的方法,并将其与馈线末端的最大准入容量进行比较,识别配电网中易发生电压越限的薄弱节点及越限原因;在MATLAB上搭建IEEE 33节点系统验证所提方法的有效性和正确性。     

弱电网中基于调节器重构的多机并网稳定性研究

多逆变器并联并网的方式常见于光伏电站,以满足大规模发电的实际需求。但在弱电网中,由于电网阻抗不可忽略,导致多机并网系统的稳定性受到严重威胁。针对弱电网中多机并网稳定性问题,将弱电网下的三相LCL型并网逆变器作为研究对象,建立多机并网模型,分析了电网阻抗对系统稳定性的影响机理,由此提出一种基于调节器重构的控制策略,调整多机并网系统的零极点分布以提高系统的稳定性,最后研制了两台参数相同的三相LCL型并网逆变器实物平台,通过实验对该控制策略的正确性和有效性进行了验证。     

弱爬振现象对平板闸门振动的影响研究

本文基于巴塘水电站几何比尺为1:25的闸门水弹性模型,为研究闸门在动水闭门过程中可能出现的弱爬振现象,改变其上游水位使闸门产生微弱爬振,分析平面闸门下落过程中发生爬振前后门体不同部位局部应力、整体加速度和位移的变化,研究闸门微弱爬行振动特性.研究结果表明:(1)弱爬振不改变闸门原有的整体振动类型;弱爬振时闸门垂向振动加...