Interior and exterior daylight illuminants for the colorimetry of fluorescent materials

The difficulties in simulating CIE Standard Illuminant D₆₅ are considered and an interior daylight illuminant is described, Illuminant ID₆₅, representing exterior daylight attenuated by average window glass. The benefits of Illuminant ID₆₅ are that it represents the daylight source which most commonly occurs in the viewing of critically coloured merchandise, and that it can be practically simulated using a filtered tungsten-halogen source. Its applicability to measurements, particularly to the assessment of fluorescent samples, is considered. The results of measurements on the two common classes of fluorescent samples are discussed and indicate that an Illuminant ID₆₅ simulator can be used validly for the measurement of fluorescent materials, even including materials intended specifically for exterior use.     

介孔材料的染料封装及其光学性质研究

以介孔二氧化硅材料为主,对染料封装现状及复合材料的光学性能等几方面的最新研究进展进行综述。按照不同固体材料形式下,从粉体材料、膜材料、块状材料三方面重点论述封装染料后复合材料的光学性能,探讨其光学性质的多种影响因素。另外从微观角度上认识染料分子构型、骨架结构对染料分子掺杂效果的影响,并从非硅基材料以及多客体分子掺杂方面,简要阐述新型材料的研究成果。最后,总结目前研究中还存在的问题并展望该类复合材料未来的发展趋势。     

介孔材料的染料封装及其光学性质研究

以介孔二氧化硅材料为主,对染料封装现状及复合材料的光学性能等几方面的最新研究进展进行综述。按照不同固体材料形式下,从粉体材料、膜材料、块状材料三方面重点论述封装染料后复合材料的光学性能,探讨其光学性质的多种影响因素。另外从微观角度上认识染料分子构型、骨架结构对染料分子掺杂效果的影响,并从非硅基材料以及多客体分子掺杂方面,简要阐述新型材料的研究成果。最后,总结目前研究中还存在的问题并展望该类复合材料未来的发展趋势。     

An improved technique for the measurement of dynamic mechanical properties of viscoelastic materials

An improved technique for the precision measurement of dynamic mechanical properties of viscoelastic materials is described. The instrumentation has been adapted for use with commercial device Rheovibron, but can be used with any other similar device. An analysis of the technique, together with typical results, are presented. Analyses of error are included in the appendices.     

光学材料中间体DADMNS的合成研究

系统研究了二阶非线性光学材料中间体E-2,5-二乙酰氨基-2’,4’-二甲氧基-4-硝基二苯乙烯(DADMNS)的合成。以2,5-二氨基甲苯(2,5-TDA)为原料,经过乙酰化和硝化得到2,5-二乙酰氨基-4-硝基甲苯(DANT),采用1,3-二甲氧基苯经Vilsmeier-Haack反应制备2,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛(DMBA)。DANT与DMBA在哌啶为催化剂,DMSO为溶剂,分子筛作脱水剂的条件下缩合得到目标产物DADMNS,收率为73.20%,精制后HPLC检测纯度为98.89%,目标产物经IR、1H-NMR和13C-NMR验证结构正确。经工艺优化得到最优的反应条件为:投料比n(DANT)∶n(DMBA)为1∶2,DANT为0.01 mol,哌啶用量为2.5mL,25 mL DMSO作溶剂,3 g分子筛作脱水剂,反应温度为130℃,反应时间为11 h。     

Syntheses and optical properties of hybrid materials containing azobenzene groups via sol–gel process for reversible optical storage

We focused on the synthesis and optical properties of new organic–inorganic hybrid materials containing azobenzene groups for rewritable optical recording media. Hybrid material (SGUR19‐n's) design has the structure of azobenzene group with urethane bonds in the silica network. The structures of the synthesized monomers and precursors were confirmed by FTIR and ¹H NMR spectrophotometer. Also, we reported on the effects of the direction of the polarized beam, the intensity of the induced beam, and the structures of SGUR19‐n's materials on the diffraction efficiency of SGUR19‐n's films. It was revealed that SGUR19‐n's films prepared by the sol–gel process have adequate writing–erasing–rewriting properties when used as a reversible optical storage material. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4811–4818, 2006     

Synthesis and properties of novel polyimide optical materials with different haloid pendant

To investigate the difference of trifluoromethyl group and chlorine group affecting the optical properties of polyimides (PIs), two diamine monomers with different haloid pendants were designed and synthesized including (1,4‐(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)‐2‐(3′5′‐ditrifluoromethylphenyl)benzene and (1,4‐(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)‐2‐(3′‐trifluoromethyl‐4′‐chlorophenyl) benzene). From both diamines, two series of PIs with different haloid pendants were prepared via two‐step chemical imidization methods with various dianhydride compounds. All the PIs have the high T_g, excellent thermal stability and good solubility, and can be formed the transparent, strong, and flexible films. All the PIs also are good transparent in UV‐evisible absorption spectra, and have the low birefringences (0.0128–0.0157 at 650 nm) and low optical loss at communication windows. Two series of PIs exhibit the similar optical properties, except for refractive index. Based on the fantastic characterization, a series of optical materials with the tunable refractive indices were obtained by copolymerization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Calorimetric thermal conductivity measurement for high-temperature materials

A K1952 instrument has been upgraded to determine the thermal conductivities of materials by the GOST 12170 stationary method. The application of that method has been extended to the determination of thermal conductivity for industrial forms of refractory materials and for research in material science, design, and thermal insulation calculation. The K1952 system has been used in testing standard specimens. It has been confirmed that the parameter measurements conform to the technical documentation for standard specimens. A certificate has been obtained to confirm the type of means of measurement RU. E.32.001.A No. 30197, which was issued by the Federal agency on technical regulation and metrology. Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 2, pp. 47 – 49, February, 2009.     

Effect of sample geometry on the measurement of mechanical properties of anisotropic materials

Experimental observations have been made of the effect of sample geometry on the mechanical properties of anisotropic polymer systems. The non-uniform stresses at the sample ends, arising from the method of clamping are found to persist over much greater distances than in isotropic materials, as judged by their effect on the tensile and torsional modulus. The Principle of St. Venant does not appear to be applicable to anisotropic materials. This is further supported by results obtained using finite element methods. The results raise serious doubts concerning current practice in determining the mechanical properties of anisotropic materials.     

A new method for the measurement of dynamic shear mechanical properties of materials with a rheovibron viscoelastometer

The Rheovibron viscoelastometer is useful for obtaining dynamic tensile mechanical properties of films and fibers over a wide temperature range. Numerous studies of dynamic tensile mechanical properties have been made in the temperature range of ?160°C to 250°C in an atmosphere at 0% relative humidity. However, no studies exist which show the measurement of dynamic shear mechanical properties of materials using the Vibron instrument. A new shear grip and procedure was developed for measuring dynamic mechanical properties of material in the shear mode using the Rheovibron instrument. The dynamic shear properties on a polyurethane elastomer and polyester film are presented. This technique will be useful in studies on the dynamic shear characterization of materials in conjunction with end use performance.     

Proposal for an indoor daylight illuminant

Two indoor daylight illuminants are recommended for general colorimetric and graphic arts use. The daylight illuminants are derived using CIE standard illuminant D65 and illuminant D50 together with the average spectral transmission of a large number of window glass samples. We show that the average window glass filters not only the blue part of the spectrum but also the red part to such an extent that it has to be taken into consideration. Apart from some extreme glass types, the bulk of the window glasses now in use do not show a very large variation in their spectral transmittances, so that an average curve can adequately represent their filtering action. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 18–25, 2009.     

Single-walled carbon nanotubes as optical materials for biosensing

In this review, we summarize recent progress in the development of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as optical materials for biosensing applications. First, as optical labels, we discuss the use of SWNTs in Raman-based protein detection. Strong and simple resonance Raman spectroscopy of SWNTs opens up a method of protein microarray with detection sensitivity down to femtomolar range. Also, tunable isotopic SWNT-Raman signature enables the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes in complex fluids. Second, the photoluminescence properties of SWNTs are also explored. We examine fluorescence biosensors that integrate the quenching property of SWNTs and the recognition property of functional nucleic acids. Particularly, SWNTs are established as an efficient signal transduction substrate in different biosensing systems, including the detection of specific proteins and DNA sequences, regulation of singlet oxygen generation and label-free fluorescence assays, and all have exhibited very high selectivity and sensitivity.     

苝酰胺功能化磁性纳米材料的合成及其光/电性质

为了制备磁性荧光以及光电化学性能良好的多功能纳米粒子,采用微相乳液法,用二氧化硅(SiO_2)包裹Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子的同时,将苝酰胺与SiO_2表面的羟基反应,生成共价键连接的Fe_3O_4@SiO_2-(1a)和Fe_3O_4@SiO_2-(2a)纳米粒子,用红外光谱、XRD、SEM、UV-Vis吸收光谱、荧光光谱及ECL进行表征。结果表明,与化合物1a、2a相比,复合物Fe_3O_4@SiO_2-(1a/2a)的电子吸收和荧光光谱峰型相同,峰位置略有移动。在一定浓度范围内,Fe_3O_4@SiO_2-(2a)纳米粒子的ECL强度随浓度增大而降低,且其在50~100 s的区间内基本稳定。     

苝酰胺功能化磁性纳米材料的合成及其光/电性质

为了制备磁性荧光以及光电化学性能良好的多功能纳米粒子,采用微相乳液法,用二氧化硅(SiO_2)包裹Fe_3O_4磁性纳米粒子的同时,将苝酰胺与SiO_2表面的羟基反应,生成共价键连接的Fe_3O_4@SiO_2-(1a)和Fe_3O_4@SiO_2-(2a)纳米粒子,用红外光谱、XRD、SEM、UV-Vis吸收光谱、荧光光谱及ECL进行表征。结果表明,与化合物1a、2a相比,复合物Fe_3O_4@SiO_2-(1a/2a)的电子吸收和荧光光谱峰型相同,峰位置略有移动。在一定浓度范围内,Fe_3O_4@SiO_2-(2a)纳米粒子的ECL强度随浓度增大而降低,且其在50¹00 s的区间内基本稳定。     

Cement-based materials for stress sensing by dielectric measurement

The self-sensing of stress by measurement of the relative dielectric constant (κ) has been shown in cement pastes containing steel fibers of 8 μm diameter and carbon filaments of 0.1 μm diameter. The κ value increases nonlinearly and quite reversibly with compressive stress up to 6.4 MPa, although the reversibility is not complete. Inferior sensing performance was observed in cement paste with carbon fibers of 15 μm diameter, although the performance was still better than cement paste without admixture.