Untersuchung von Kraftstoffdampf‐Rückhaltesystemen bei Einsatz von ethanolhaltigen Biokraftstoffen

Fuel vapor restraint systems are used in vehicles to avoid discharge of volatile hydrocarbons from fuel tanks. Until 2020 nearly 10 % of all fossil fuels shall be replaced by biofuels upon which bioethanol plays an important role. The topic of this article is the proper operation of fuel vapor restraint systems depending on the composition of bioethanol‐fuel blends. As a first step, activated carbons commonly used in fuel restraint systems are tested. Received results and measured data serve as input for a mathematical model with the intention to simulate the performance of fuel vapor restraint systems depending on bioethanol‐fuel composition.     

Bildung von Hydroperoxy-epidioxiden bei der Autoxidation von Linolsäurephenylester

Formation of Hydroperoxy-epidioxides during the Autoxidation of Phenyl Linoleate Phenyl linoleate was autoxidized at 37° C for 72 hours. Among the peroxides formed the phenyl 13-hydroperoxy-erythro and threo-10, 12-epidioxy-8(E)-octadecenoates and the phenyl 9-hydroperoxy-erythro and threo-10, 12-epidioxy-13(E)-octadecenoates were detected by co-chromatography (HPLC) with reference substances which had been prepared by photosensitized oxidation of phenyl linoleate. The hydroperoxy-epidioxides were silylated and analysed by mass spectrometry. The hydroperoxy-epidioxides comprised about 5% of the peroxides. The presence of α-tocopherol inhibited the formation of the hydroperoxy-epidioxides.     

Sicherheitsüberlegungen bei der Planung von Chemieanlagen

Safety considerations in the planning of chemical plant. Viewed from the standpoint of safety engineering the planning of a chemical plant can be defined as follows. Persons and articles of material value are to be protected from thermal, mechanical, and chemical action during the entire lifetime of the plant. Protection must be effective in the plant and in its vicinity. Possible causes of such effects are discussed. Analysis of the causes leads to derivation of the measures to be implemented in order to counter all kinds of failure. A distinction is made between primary or preventive safety measures. They have the aim of avoiding the occurrence of any failure. However, since failure can never be completely ruled out, measures are also outlined which are intended to minimize the consequences of failures. These are called secondary or constructive measures. Various points are considered in detail with the aid of selected examples.     

Fehlerquellen bei der anwendungstechnischen Prüfung von Anstrichfilmen

Sources of Error in the Testing of Paint Films In order to obtain exact and reproducible results in the testing of paint films the testing methods and the environmental conditions must be maintained constant. It is important to maintain an uniform thickness of the layer. This is achieved by means of a centrifugal device which can be employed even for surfaces that are not plane.