Moderne Motorenanlagen in neuen Fahrzeugen der Küstenfischerei

Modern Motor Units in Recent Vessels for the Coastal Fishery On the basis of world-wide experience of coastal fishers, as compiled by Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UNO, new types of cutters, fabricated economically from new materials and provided with modern catching devices, have come into being. These should replace the compact and powerful motors, such as the ones of the series S/B/F M 716 supplied by Deutz since 10 years.     

Moderne Abfüll- und Verpackungsstraße in der Lackindustrie

Modern Filling and Packaging Lines in the Paint Industry Cost of labour has become very high even in the paint industry. Especially in the filling and packaging sections the cost of labour is high. In these sections it is worthwhile to attempt to reduce the costs by suitable measures. In the paint industry of Scandinavia in large medium as well as small plants packaging lines have been installed which might be ideally suited for filling, packaging and storing of paints.     

Moderne Emulgatoren zur Verzögerung der Fettreifbildung bei Schokolade

Modern Emulsifiers for Retarding the Formation of Fat Blooms in Chocolate The various polymorphic forms of cocoabutter are described and a new measuring device of the firm Brabender is reported, which, on the basis of viscosity measurements enables to check and determine the tempering conditions of chocolate. Sorbitol monostearate and polysorbitol 60 are especially suitable for retarding the formation of fat blooms.     

Moderne und wirtschaftliche Aufbereitung der Abwässer in der Speiseöl- und Fettindustrie

Modern and Economic Treatment of Waste Waters from Edible Oil and Fat Industry In the near future no industrial undertaking will be permitted to dispose waste water from the plants into public waters and city drainage without prior purification. The edible oil and fat industry has the advantage that its waste waters can be clarified in an inexpensive manner and the sludge recovered can be utilized economically. In the present communication a purification process is described which has been used with advantage in several plants in and outside of Germany.     

Moderne voltammetrische Verfahren in der Spurechemie toxischer Metalle in Trinkwasser,Regen- und Meerwasser

Modern voltammetric methods in trace chemistry of toxic metals in drinking water, rainwater and seawater . In environmental research and protection, toxic metals (particularly Cd, Pb and Hg) are becoming increasingly significant owing their biological nondegradability and the chronic toxicity resulting from their accumulation in vital organs of man. Aquatic systems, such as the sea, inland waters, drinking water, rainwater etc., are important stages in the biogeochemical cycle. Although the dissolved levels are usually in the trace range of μg/1 to ng/1 they still remain significant, because their entry into the food chain and interactions with suspended particulates and sedimnts largely occur via the dissolved state. General comparative considerations suggest modern voltammetric methods, particularly differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV), to be the most promising choice for the determination and characterization of dissolved toxic heavy metal traces. Voltammetry combines extreme sensitivity with high inherent reliability, good precision, scope for simultaneous determination of several metals and modest costs. Moreover, due to its substance specificity, voltammetry permits identification and physicochemical characterization of dissolved complexes and chelates. The striking and comprehensive scope of voltammetry in trace metal chemistry of aquatic ecosystems is illustrated by examples from drinking water control, investigations on rainwater, extended studies in European coastal waters and the oceans, and by fundamental work on the occurrence and behaviour of toxic trace metal species in the sea.     

Moderne Methoden der Suzuki‐Kreuzkupplung: Die langerwarteten universellen Synthesevarianten mit Arylchloriden

The Suzuki coupling represents a widely used method for the synthesis of biarylic compounds 1 and has been already applied on industrial scale. Unfortunately, for a long time this reaction was limited to the use of aryl bromides, aryl iodes or electron‐deficient aryl chlorides as starting materials. Thus, a general approach to the desired biarylic compounds 1 using the cheap and easy available aryl chlorides has not been available. In the last two years, however, several new protocols for the Suzuki coupling with aryl chlorides have been developed. These methods allow an efficient synthesis of biaryls of type 1 , independently of the substitution pattern and electronic properties of the starting materials. These concepts which have been developed by the research groups of Fu, Buchwald, Guram, Beller as well as Trudell and Nolan are highlighted in this review.     

Moderne Lackierungsverfahren I

Modern Processes for Coating Demands for environmental safety and the need for energy saving has led to considerable modification of processes and materials used in the coating industry. The most important modern process for coating, highly suited for large scale operation, is the electro-immersion painting which is carried out in aqueous phase. Paints that can be diluted with water and applied by usual means are also very promising. Good experiences have also been made in special fields using non-aqueous dispersions. Ultimate aim is the development of paints containing none or very little solvents. Elimination of the solvent has already been achieved using coating powder, which are becoming of increasing significance. Significant advances have also been achieved in coil-coating as well as in methods involving hardening by irradiation. Hardening using ultraviolet light has already found some limited application, whereas the highly promising technique of hardening with electron irradiation is still under trial.     

Moderne Lack- und Kunststoffbeschichtungen

Modern Paint and Plastic Coatings The term ?coatings”? is defined and explained, and the most significant means for protecting the materials of construction are reported. Types of coatings and coating materials which provide layers of greater thickness than 100–200 μm per application are treated at a greater detail. Examples for these are plastisols, organosols, molten masses, pulverized materials and powder coating processes. Recent developments like selfadhesing plastisols and organosols, film forming plastisols and organosols, adhesive aids etc. are also dealt with.     

Moderne Druckverfahren und Druckfarben

Modern Printing Processes and Colours The important industrial printing processes of the present day and the machinery involved are briefly described. The important conditions which the printing colours have to fulfil in order to be employed in the above printing processes are mentioned and the basic structure and properties of the printing colours employed in the practice are given. A few characteristic differences between printing colours and coating materials are dealt with.     

Moderne Emulgatoren als Backhilfsmittel

Emulsifiers as Baking Agents Due to the change-over to modern large scale production as well as alterations in distribution and sales, requirements of different nature than those previously customary must be set in the preparation of bakery products. A longer period of storage is necessary, and the taste and quality of the products must also be improved. Modern emulsifiers and emulsifying systems which are physiologically unobjectionable for human nutrition are in use since more than 20 years. With minute amounts of these agents the desired improvements are achieved. Many health authorities have permitted the use of these compounds. The use of emulsifiers in the improvement of quality of bakery products and other food-stuffs is steadily increasing.     

Moderne Methoden der Meß- und Regelungstechnik und ihre Bedeutung für die Automatisierung verfahrenstechnischer Prozesse

Modern methods of measurement and control engineering and their significance for the automation of chemical engineering processes . This article demonstrates that modern system-theoretical methods open up new approaches in the solution of difficult measurement and control problems. These methods are frequently based on the assumption that a certain a priori knowledge of the process behaviour is available, which can be formulated as a mathematical process model. Model-supported measuring procedures are of particular significance and are discussed at length. These methods greatly enhance the information value of measured values, with regard to both extent and reliability. It is shown how the problem of early recognition of dangerous reaction states in reactors in the case of exothermic reaction can be overcome. In order to minimize the computational effort, methods of model reduction are considered.     

Moderne Elektrolyseverfahren für die Wasserstoff-Technologie

Modern electrolysis processes for the hydrogen technology. This survey discusses all processes of water electrolysis after having emphasized the central role, which hydrogen plays in chemical technology and which it might play in a hydrogen economy, with the aid of some historical considerations and applications in hydrogen energy systems. In order to understand the development potential of the processes, the physico-chemical fundamentals as well as the problems of the engineering of water electrolysis are summarized in a structural form. Not only are the purely electrochemical processes reviewed by a classifying systematic, but also all other (indirect) processes, which include an electrochemical step. The following direct processes are discribed: conventional and advanced alkaline water electrolysis, medium temperature cells, acid water electrolysis, membrane water electrolysis, water vapor electrolysis with proton conductive solid electrolyte and high temperature water electrolysis as well as the indirect processes: electrochemical raw material gasification, thermochemical-electrochemical hybrid processes, photochemical-electrochemical hybrid processes, and the photoelectrochemical cleavage of water.