微乳液聚合和细乳液聚合

分别从微乳、细乳体系的形成,聚合机理及聚合特点等方断对两者进行了比较,并对各自的应用前景进行了展望。     

Polymerization of macromers

Summary The possibility of group transfer polymerization of methyl methacrylate-terminated polystyrene macromer (MA-PSt) was explored by using 1-methoxy-1-(trimethylsiloxy)-2-methyl-1-propene and tris(dimethylamino)sulfonium difluorotrimethylsilicate as initiator and catalyst, respectively. The results obtained at the polymerization temperature of 0°C were undesirable. However, the oligomerization at -78°C gave almost quantitatively oligo(MA-PSt) of which the degree of polymerization was in good agreement with the mole ratio of macromer to initiator. The GPC curve of oligo(MA-PSt) was sharp and symmetrical. In addition, it was shown by the copolymerization with methyl methacrylate that the polymerizability of the macromer was markedly enhanced in the presence of methyl methacrylate comonomer.     

Polymerization of lactams

Summary The following limit (ceiling) temperatures of polymerization were extrapolated from kinetic data for the anionic polymerization of 2-pyrrolidone initiated with potassium salt of 2-pyrrolidone and the initiation systems of optimum compositions: 66°C for the nonactivated polymerization, 68°C and 73°C for the polymerization accelerated with 1-(1-pyr-rolin-2-yl)-2-pyrrolidone and carbon dioxide, respectively, 73°C and 76°C for the polymerization activated with N-benzoyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-acetyl-2-pyrrolidone,respectively.     

Polymerization of methane

Plasma polymerization of methane in a magnetically enhanced capacitively coupled bell jar reactor operating at a frequency of 10 kHz is reported. Dependence of polymer deposition rate on monomer feed rate (F), composite power parameter (W/FM), electrode temperature, and electrode cleanliness have been examined. Such functional properties as wettability, adhesion, and thermal stability of the polymer are found to depend on the composite power parameter (W/FM) of the plasma. The permeability studies indicate highly crosslinked nature of the polymer. ESCA studies reveal codeposition of electrode material with the polymer under high W/FM conditions, potential applications of plasma polymer of methane are suggested.     

高聚合度聚乙烯醇的制备

采用醋酸乙烯酯为单体,以OP-10和十二烷基硫酸钠为复配乳化剂,偶氮二脒基丙烷盐酸盐为引发剂,通过正交实验研究了乳液聚合法制备高聚合度聚醋酸乙烯酯的最佳工艺条件.通过单因素实验验证了最佳工艺条件的可靠性,并分析了乳化剂用量、引发剂用量和反应温度对醋酸乙烯酯平均聚合度的影响规律.在最佳工艺条件下制得了聚合度为5 100的聚醋酸乙烯酯,经醇解得到了聚合度为4 800的聚乙烯醇.     

小本体法聚丙烯聚合釜的改进

结合高效催化剂在聚丙烯生产的应用，对聚合釜换热能力进行了一些改进，介绍了改进的设计和取得的实际效果。     

Arenetricarbonylchromium Complexes in Polymerization Transformations by Radical Initiation of Vinyl Polymerization

The article is devoted to the systematization of investigations of arenetricarbonylchromium complexes in radical polymerization transformation at the initiation of vinyl polymerization. The presented data are shown that these compounds are promising and interesting model systems for the study of the phenomenon of the metal atom action on the reactivity of the monomer π-bond. The correlation between the structure of metal-containing monomers and polymerization parameters, as well as the molecular mass properties of the resulting polymers, are discussed.     

Polymerization of 2-phenyl-aziridine

Summary The ring-opening polymerization of 2-phenyl aziridine was studied with several catalyst systems: boron trifluoride etherate, chlorhydric acid, perchloric acid, dimethyl sulfate and methyl triflate. The corresponding polyamine was obtained as a pale yellow solid with a number average molecular weight around 2,000–3,000.A kinetic study is discussed in the case of perchloric acid and methyl triflate.     

苯胺的无电聚合

提出了一种新的聚合方法———无电聚合。在没有外电流的情况下 ,溶液中的苯胺分子在具有催化活性的铂或钯基底表面上被溶解氧氧化为聚苯胺膜。与化学镀的原理类似 ,苯胺的无电聚合反应过程包含阴极半反应和阳极半反应两个电化学反应。     

八甲基环四硅氧烷聚合动力学

以四甲基氢氧化铵为催化剂,用蒸汽压法研究了八甲基环四硅氧烷的聚合动力学,获得了７７～１１０℃间的聚合速率常数,并计算出反应活化能为１０３０ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。     

Polymerization of 3-vinylbenzenethiol

Summary 3-Vinylbenzenethiol (4) was synthesized and its polymerization yielded poly-(thio-1,3-phenylenethylene), which could be oxidized giving poly-(sulfonyl-1,3-phenylenethylene).     

苯乙烯分散聚合反应

苯乙烯在乙醇／水混合溶液介质中,在偶氮二异丁腈引发作用下,以聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮为稳定剂进行分散聚合反应,采用溴加成双键分析方法研究了苯乙烯分散聚合反应过程中单体转化率的变化,并讨论了引发剂浓度和反应温度对单体转化率的影响。     

苯乙烯间规空间定向聚合

综述国外近年来苯乙烯间规定向聚合的进展,包括高活性催化剂和聚合规律的研究;介绍间规聚苯乙烯(s-PS)主要特性、应用和结构表征情况。     

Polymerization of higher aldehydes

This review concerns the polymerization of substituted aldehydes. Two groups of aldehydes have been subjected to systematic study: (1) higher aliphatic aldehydes containing linear chains with up to 12 carbon atoms; (2) branched hydrocarbon chains, including acetaldehyde; and haloaldehydes, derivatives of acetaldehyde substituted with fluorine, chlorine or bromine in the methyl group. The methods of preparation, purification and characterization of the monomers, the mechanisms of polymerization, their thermodynamics and stereochemistry, and the properties of the resulting polymers are all discussed. In addition it is pointed out that several properties exhibited by the polymers may lend themselves to practical applications in the future.     

三元共聚对位芳纶的聚合

研究了对苯二胺与对苯二酰氯在N-甲基吡咯烷酮/氯化钙体系中加入3,4’-二氨基二苯醚为第三单体的三元共聚反应。考察反应时间、反应温度、第三单体用量、单体浓度和CaCl_2用量对共聚物对数粘度的影响。结果表明,在N-甲基吡咯烷酮/氯化钙溶剂体系中,单体浓度为(0. 35～0. 40) mol·L^(-1),单体物质的量分数为25%,首先将温度设定为(-10～-5)℃,待溶液黏稠时将温度升高到(75～80)℃,时间(60～80) min,CaCl_2与-2NH_2物质的量比0. 4～0. 6时,可获得高比浓对数粘度的聚合物。     

Polymerization of anhydro-O-carboxysalicylic acid

Summary The present paper describes the anionic ring-opening polymerization of anhydro-O-carboxysalicylic acid. At 0°C, the polymerization took place with base catalysts, e.g., sodium phenoxide and pyridine, to give poly-o-benzoate, whose molecular weight was of an order of several thousands. A polymer sample melts at 142–150°C and begins to decompose at 260°C. The molecular weight distribution of the polymer was very sharp, especially when the polymerization was carried out at 0°C.     

Polymerization of bicyclic ethers

Summary Structure of copolymers obtained by ring opening cationic polymerization from 7-oxabicyclo[ 2.2.1] heptane and ethylene oxide has been recently reported. This study about the spin lattice relaxation times and Nuclear Overhauser enhancement factor in the carbon-13 NMR spectra was performed and the results interpreted in terms of different internal mobility of the units in the copolymer chain.Previous papers in this series are: G. CECCARELLI, F.ANDRUZZI, Makromol. Chem. 180, 1371(1979); F.ANDRUZZI, G.CECCARELLI, M.PACI Polymer 21, 1180(1980); and ref (M.PACI et al. 1981).