自发自收单站平面近场散射测量的研究

对自发自收单站平面近场散射测量进行了研究,并进行计算机模拟。计算结果表明,利用自发自收单站平面近场散射测量所得的单站RCS相对量在扫描面外法向附近一个角域内具有良好的工程精度。最后,本文指出需要进一步深入研究的几个问题。     

基于稀疏分解的双基地ISAR—维距离成像方法

双基地ISAR成像中,一维距离像分辨率不仅受发射信号带宽限制,同时还受制于成像双基地角,最终导致双基地ISAR距离像分辨率远低于同等带宽的单基地ISAR。为了解决双基地角造成的一维距离像分辨率下降问题,在研究双基地ISAR目标基带回波稀疏性的基础上,提出了利用目标基带回波信号稀疏分解系数生成一维距离像的方法。构建稀疏分解冗余基的等效延迟时间单元越短,则距离像分辨率越高,基于此思路,首先构造出与半双基地角余弦成正比,且与发射信号带宽成反比的延迟时间单元,然后利用此延迟时间单元构建冗余基,最后基于推广的正则化FOCUSS算法估计基带信号的稀疏表示,得到分辨率不受双基地角影响的目标一维距离像。空间目标理想散射点的仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。     

分布式MIMO雷达目标散射模型研究

针对当前分布式多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达目标散射模型的不足,提出了一种三维特体目标模型;在考虑点散射体电磁散射的方向性、遮蔽及收发天线方位角、俯仰角等因素的条件下,推导了目标静态雷达截面积(RCS)的计算公式和MIMO雷达信道的相关函数;同时,仿真分析了目标动态RCS的统计模型及其与收发天线双基地角的关系,以及MIMO雷达信道空间去相关的条件。仿真分析结果与RCS的经典统计模型、双基地RCS的经验结论以及单基地雷达回波信号去相关角度的经验值是吻合的,证实了模型的科学性和合理性。研究结果对分布式MIMO雷达的检测、跟踪和系统配置等研究具有参考价值。     

渐近波形估计技术在三维电磁散射问题快速分析中的应用

本文将渐近波形估计技术应用到矩量法中,计算了三维理想导体目标的宽带雷达散射截面(RCS)和单站RCS方向图.用矩量法求解电场积分方程,得到给定频率点、给定方向入射波照射下的导体表面电流密度,应用渐近波形估计技术分别得到频带内任意频率点以及任意角度入射波照射下的导体表面电流密度,进而计算出宽带RCS和单站RCS方向图.计算结果表明渐近波形估计技术与矩量法结合可以逼近矩量法逐点计算的结果,且计算效率大大提高.     

双基地高频地波雷达系统布站研究

由发射机(T)和接收机(Rm)共站的单基地高频地波雷达增设分置的接收系统(Rb)构成的T/Rm-Rb双基地高频地波雷达系统用于海洋环境监测时,既可测得矢量流速度,又可消除风向模糊性,是目前高频地波雷达的发展趋势之一。该文首次从T/Rm-Rb系统的探测能力与海流测量误差两方面分析最佳基线长度和最佳双基地角范围,从而确定其布站原则,即:在确定T/Rm单基地雷达的位置后,先根据T-Rb双基地雷达设计指标中的最大探测距离和确定基线长度,然后根据T/Rm-Rb系统海流测量误差最小的原则确定最佳双基地角范围,从而确定T-Rb双基地雷达接收站Rb的位置。该布站原则可为双(多)基地高频地波雷达的海洋环境监测应用提供参考和依据。     

波形相关矩阵未知情况下单基地MIMO雷达中一种改进MUSIC的DOA估计算法

该文研究了波形相关矩阵未知情况下多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达中的角度估计问题,提出了一种单基地MIMO雷达中改进多重信号分类(MUSIC)的到达角(DOA )估计算法。该算法可以在波形相关矩阵未知的情况下工作且性能优于传统的传播算子(PM)和借助旋转不变技术估计信号参数(ESPRIT)算法以及基于接收信号重构的MUSIC算法。该文算法可以扩展到任意阵列结构的MIMO雷达中进行角度估计。该文还给出了单基地MIMO雷达中DOA估计的克拉美罗界(CRB)。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

多次散射中心横向位置属性及图像表征

多次散射结构是不可忽视的重要散射来源,其等效视在散射中心往往偏离目标区域,目前的解译和识别方法不具备对SAR图像中的多次散射中心现象进行散射机理和散射结构溯源的能力。为深入挖掘多次散射中心位置的本质,本文以散射中心的理论为基础,正向建立了具有明确物理含义的散射中心模型,揭示了多次散射中心横向位置与复杂多次射线路径的联系,解释了多普勒频率的形成机制,并探讨了其在雷达目标识别中的应用。首先,本文从电磁散射物理过程出发,推导了任意阶次射线场的解析表达式;其次,结合正向物理推导获取的雷达回波信号表达式与逆傅里叶变换,表征了目标在单站雷达上的图像特征,实现了散射中心三维空间位置在单站雷达图像中的直接映射;最后,通过仿真,构建了多次散射射线光程、回波信号相位表征、雷达图像散射中心位置三者之间的物理关联。     

低频太赫兹准目标雷达散射截面的实验研究

以研究太赫兹雷达散射截面的特性为目的,选用所搭建低频太赫兹雷达测试系统,并借助于标准目标法开展了有关太赫兹雷达粗糙铝盘散射截面的实验研究工作.实验结果表明:在小角度散射中太赫兹雷达散射截面随散射角的增大变化比较明显,在散射角超过5后太赫兹雷达散射截面随散射角的变化趋向缓慢,但当散射角超过12后探测信号的强度已衰减到无法测量,在太赫兹雷达散射截面的测试中没有出现微波雷达散射截面的大小随散射角的变化而剧烈振荡的现象;将测试结果与同尺寸微波、激光雷达散射截面的结果进行了对比,得到结论:在0附近太赫兹雷达散射截面的数值比同尺寸微波雷达散射截面的数值要小两个数量级,但比同尺寸激光雷达散射截面的数值要高一个数量级.     

进动圆锥弹头双基地微多普勒特性分析

微动特征是弹道中段目标雷达识别的有效特征之一。该文首先利用由几何绕射理论推导的圆锥弹头散射中心模型确定了3个散射中心分别是锥顶及双基地角平分线在锥底平面上的投影与底面边缘的2个交点;然后建立了进动圆锥弹头双基地微多普勒模型,经化简可知双基地微多普勒模型与双基地角平分线上单基地雷达微多普勒模型相似,且双基地微多普勒幅值为单基地微多普勒幅值的半双基地角的余弦倍,这与单双站散射等效定理吻合;再通过分析3个散射中心的微多普勒模型得出了可用于进动和结构参数估计的3种相关性;最后利用电磁计算软件FEKO计算了圆锥弹头模型的双基地雷达截面积(RCS),通过对RCS序列的时频分析,验证了该文理论分析的正确性。     

DOA estimation for monostatic MIMO radar based on unitary root-MUSIC

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is an important issue for monostatic MIMO radar. A DOA estimation method for monostatic MIMO radar based on unitary root-MUSIC is presented in this article. In the presented method, a reduced-dimension matrix is first utilised to transform the high dimension of received signal data into low dimension one. Then, a low-dimension real-value covariance matrix is obtained by forward–backward (FB) averaging and unitary transformation. The DOA of targets can be achieved by unitary root-MUSIC. Due to the FB averaging of received signal data and the eigendecomposition of the real-valued matrix covariance, the proposed method owns better angle estimation performance and lower computational complexity. The simulation results of the proposed method are presented and the performances are investigated and discussed.     

On the derivation of bistatic RCS from monostatic measurements

The factors which govern bistatic scattering are discussed and the relations between bistatic and monostatic scattering are presented in terms of the combined effect of individual scattering centers on the target. The concept of reradiation lobe patterns of the individual scattering centers is used to define the bistatic pattern in terms of the monostatic pattern and the bistatic angle β. Analytical arguments then demonstrate that for small bistatic angles, the bistatic RCS is very closely approximated by the monostatic RCS measured on the bisector of the bistatic angle and measured at a frequency lower than the true frequency by the factor cos β/2. The limitations to this approximation which are based on the angular width of the lobe patterns reradiated from individual scattering centers are noted. The approximation is of particular value in translating measured monostatic RCS values into bistatic RCS for small bistatic angles.     

Conceptual performance of bistatic Doppler radar for vehicle speed determination

A monostatic Doppler radar can yield accurate vehicle speed measurements over a very limited angular extent. When applied to a multilane superhighway geometry, the area within which the vehicle must be confined for accurate measurement becomes quite small. A much larger area yielding accurate measurement can be achieved by designing the radar system for bistatic operation. In this geometry the transmitter and receiver are on opposite sides of the multilane highway and both transmitting and receiving antenna beams are oriented towards the vehicle. A radiation leakage link is required between transmitter and receiver to provide a reference frequency signal. Examples are given to show the conceptual advantage of a bistatic radar compared to a monostatic radar.     

CS-LFMCW雷达角度信息提取及其精度影响因素

线性调频连续波（LFMCW）与圆锥扫描（cs）相结合的雷达体制,可在获得目标高分辨距离像的同时分别测得各个散射中心的角度信息,从而有利于对距离扩展目标的检测和识别。文中给出了圆锥扫描线性调频连续波（CS-LFMCW）雷达信号的形式,研究了角度信息提取方法,详细分析了噪声、天线旋转不稳定、泄漏、弹体旋转等非理想因素对角度信息提取精度的影响,并提出了相应的解决方法。仿真结果验证了分析的有效性。圆锥扫描线性调频连续波雷达具有距离分辨率高、结构简单、体积小、重量轻、能够获取角度信息等优点,因此在近距离、末制导雷达中有着广泛的应用前景。     

基于压缩感知结合HFSS 软件求解目标单站RCS 问题

针对传统数值算法处理多角度入射目标电磁散射问题计算量大的劣势,根据压缩感知理论设计了一种含有丰富入射角度信息的激励源,结合Ansys HFSS 商业软件的建模功能,形成一种快速处理目标单站RCS 分析方法,通过对理想导电立方体和微带阵列天线等算例的分析,验证了新算法与传统方法相比具有计算效率高、处理复杂目标能力强等优点。     

A corrugated surface with low backscatter

A low backscatter corrugated metal surface has been designed, fabricated, and tested forH-polarized transverse electromagnetic (TEM) incident waves. The problem has been formulated using the scattering matrix approach and reflection and transmission co-efficients at the fin-air interface are determined using an integral equation approach. Hence, an expression for monostatic radar cross section (RCS) is obtained. The RCS has been experimentally measured using a continous wave (CW) radar and good agreement has been obtained with theoretical results. The fin-corrugated surface gives a rather small return (35 dB down with respect to the flat conducting plate of same size) for incident angles up to80.6degwhen the period of corrugation a is in the rangelambda/2 < a < lambda.     

Comparison of monostatic and bistatic radar images

Relationships between monostatic and bistatic radar images are reviewed and discussed, both from the point of view of identical receiver locations, and from the conventional point of view where the monostatic radar is located at the angular bisector between the bistatic transmitter and receiver. Example images are computed using scattered fields from two three-dimensional (3D) body-of-revolution (BOR) geometries. A Method-of-Moments solution is used to calculate scattered fields so that no scattering interactions are neglected. In the conventional comparison, sample bistatic images show direct-scattering mechanisms similar to those of monostatic images as expected, although significant differences are observed in higher-order scattering effects. With identical. receiver locations, the sample bistatic images generated are very different from the monostatic images, and illustrate the practically important fact that geometries designed to minimize monostatic scattering can produce large bistatic returns.     

The monostatic/bistatic approximation

Many radar cross section (RCS) prediction codes are limited to one monostatic return per run. However, such codes can calculate multiple bistatic returns per incident angle for a relatively small amount of additional computer resources. This article describes a method of using bistatic returns to generate multiple monostatic predictions for each incident angle computed. Typical results are presented, and show that the accuracy is initially high, and then degrades as the separation angle between the incident and viewing angles becomes large     

Bistatic scattering matrix for a finite right-circular cylinder

The bistatic scattering matrix for a finite conducting right-circular cylinder has been derived using the geometrical theory of diffraction. Initial evaluation of the analysis showed a very good agreement between theoretical predictions and monostatic measurements of radar cross-section as a function of polarisation and aspect angle. This letter now establishes the validity of that analysis in bistatic applications and for calculating scattering phase as well as radar cross-section.     

Reduced-Dimensional ESPRIT for Direction Finding in Monostatic MIMO Radar with Double Parallel Uniform Linear Arrays

In this paper, the issue of two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation in monostatic multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) radar with double parallel uniform linear arrays is studied, and an algorithm based on estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) is proposed. Through a series of reduced-dimensional transformations, the proposed algorithm has very low complexity due to the low dimension. Meanwhile, the estimation performance of the proposed algorithm is slightly improved compared to the conventional ESPRIT, especially in low signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, the algorithm can estimate azimuth and elevation angles without additional pair matching in monostatic MIMO radar. Error analysis of the angle estimation and Cramér–Rao bound are derived. Simulation results verify the usefulness of our algorithm.     

Automatic aircraft landing using interferometric inverse syntheticaperture radar imaging

This paper presents an interferometric processing of an aircraft's monostatic and bistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) signatures for automatic landing. The aircraft's squint angle in this ISAR imaging problem is near 90 degrees . We show that this extreme squint angle does not pose any problem for the ISAR Fourier-based (wavefront) reconstruction algorithm. In fact, the aircraft can be imaged accurately, and without any erroneous shifts in the cross-range domain, within the imposed theoretical resolution. Moreover, the algorithm is accurate enough such that one can utilize the phase of the ISAR monostatic and bistatic measurements for interferometric processing. The resultant interferometric ISAR image is used to detect undesirable rotations in the aircraft's orientation.