深冷处理对Al-7Si-2Cu-0.3Mg合金组织与力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、拉伸试验、硬度测试、SEM断口分析等研究了不同时间深冷处理对Al-7Si-2Cu-0.3Mg合金组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:对铸态Al-7Si-2Cu-0.3Mg合金进行520℃×6 h固溶+-196℃不同时间深冷+160℃×6 h时效处理试验,随着深冷时间的增加,合金的抗拉强度和硬度逐渐增加,伸长率逐渐降低,抗拉强度和硬度在深冷22 h前提升明显。固溶+22 h深冷+时效处理合金的抗拉强度、硬度分别为351.2 MPa、135.5 HB,比固溶+时效处理合金分别提高了10.1%和8.4%。随着深冷处理时间的增加,合金晶粒尺寸先减小后增大,固溶+22 h深冷+时效处理合金的晶粒较为均匀细小,深冷处理有效改善了合金的组织。     

Ti555211合金的显微组织调控及性能优化

采用扫描电镜和拉伸试验等研究了Ti555211合金在不同热处理制度下的组织和性能。结果表明:Ti555211合金经800℃固溶2 h空冷+620℃时效8 h空冷时,其性能匹配达到最佳状态,此时其抗拉强度为1315 MPa,屈服强度为1263 MPa,伸长率和断面收缩率分别为14.5%和40%;随着固溶温度的增加,合金显微组织中初生α相晶粒尺寸从3.8μm降低到2.8μm,初生α相含量从34.52%降低到20.96%。当固溶温度继续上升,超过相变点后,Ti555211合金组织由双态组织转变为魏氏组织,韧性增加。     

固溶时效处理对Mg-10Al-1Zn镁合金组织与性能的影响

研究了固溶时效工艺对铝含量为10%的Mg-10Al-1Zn镁合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:430℃固溶处理10 h后,合金中第二相完全固溶,再经时效处理后,第二相以点状均匀析出,同时析出一定数量的层片状组织。固溶时效处理后,合金强度、硬度大幅提高,经430℃×10 h固溶+250℃×6 h时效处理后,硬度由铸态的69.5 HBW提高到85.8 HBW,抗拉强度由铸态的144.99 MPa提高到303.36 MPa,伸长率提高了一倍。     

制备工艺对Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金晶粒特征和力学性能的影响

对比了Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金铸态、均匀化退火态(850℃×8 h)、锻造态、固溶态(840℃×1 h)和时效态(400℃×6 h)的硬度、强度和伸长率变化规律,分析了不同工艺状态下合金的显微组织和断口形貌。结果表明：铸态合金的组织为发达的树枝晶;经均匀化退火后,枝晶组织消失,层片状组织完全溶于铜基体;均匀化退火态合金经锻造后,晶粒尺寸明显减小,平均晶粒尺寸从58.78μm减小到4.22μm,抗拉强度由395.39 MPa提高到659.50 MPa,细晶强化为主要强化机制;固溶态合金由于溶质原子的充分固溶,伸长率大幅提升到46.7%;进一步经时效处理后,抗拉强度提高到802.50 MPa。     

Ti-1Al-8V-5Fe合金的组织和力学性能研究

采用铸造、锻造工艺获得组织均匀的Ti-1Al-8V-5Fe(Ti185)合金棒材,分析了该合金的组织形貌和力学性能。结果表明,Ti185合金中没发现成分偏析导致的"β斑"或Fe元素的富集现象。棒材中初始β相晶粒尺寸达到800μm,在β相晶粒内部析出高密度的α相。在室温下,锻态Ti185合金的抗拉强度为1192 MPa,伸长率为1.7%。经过950℃的固溶热处理及450℃的时效处理后,热处理态的Ti185合金α相尺寸和数量明显减少,合金的室温抗拉强度仍达到1275 MPa,伸长率同样达到1.65%。在400℃的高温拉伸条件下,锻态Ti185合金抗拉强度较室温大幅降低,抗拉强度为877 MPa。而热处理态的Ti185合金抗拉强度并没有大幅改变,抗拉强度为1375 MPa。     

喷射成形7055铝合金热处理工艺与力学性能的研究

主要研究了喷射成形7055铝合金经过反挤压成型以及热处理后的金相显微组织和力学性能.对挤压态合金进行固溶处理和时效处理后得到了时效硬化曲线并进行了力学性能测试.结果显示:480℃×2h的固溶制度为最佳固溶制度;通过测试硬度值确定最佳单级时效制度为120℃×18h,其硬度可达209HV.抗拉强度为692.12MPa,伸长率为3%.为了进一步提高该合金的伸长率,又对固溶处理件进行双级时效处理(120℃×3h 160℃×4h),其硬度为205HV,抗拉强度为683MPa,伸长率为9.5%.     

CuCrZrMgRE合金拉拔工艺及组织性能研究

将CuCrZrMgRE合金进行960℃×1 h固溶处理,经不同相对变形量的拉拔后再进行480℃×3 h时效处理.结果表明合金的硬度随相对变形量的增大而升高,而电导率则变化不大,合金的组织随变形量的增加而变形加剧,晶粒变得细长.合金在变形量达到80%进行时效处理后,其硬度值为83.8 HRB;电导率为79.3%IACS;伸长率为17.8%;屈服强度为518 MPa;抗拉强度为547.7 MPa,合金具有良好的综合性能.     

热处理工艺对Mg-6Zn-2.5Cu镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和力学试验机等研究了铸造Mg-6Zn-2.5Cu合金在铸态、固溶和时效处理下的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg和(α-Mg+MgZn2+Mg2Cu+CuZnMg)共晶相组成。在455℃固溶12~36 h时,随着时间增加,固溶效果逐渐增强,且在20 h时合金获得了较理想的显微组织及218 MPa的抗拉强度和8.68%的伸长率。随后在180℃时效6~72 h后,合金的拉伸性能随时效时间的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,其中时效24 h时后,合金的抗拉强度和硬度达到峰值,分别为249.5 MPa和64.6 HV0.1,比铸态的分别提高了66.5 MPa和26.29%,伸长率在时效12 h时后达到了峰值6.72%。铸态合金的断裂方式以沿晶断裂为主,时效处理后合金的断裂方式为准解理断裂。     

压铸ZL107合金热处理前后组织与性能的研究

采用300 t压铸机、中频感应电炉等设备制备了ZL107合金压铸件,并对其热处理前后组织与性能进行研究。结果表明:压铸件中间压头部位的晶粒更加细小均匀;未经固溶时效处理压铸件的平均抗拉强度为117 MPa、平均硬度为155 HV、平均伸长率为2.74%;经固溶时效处理后压铸件的平均抗拉强度为344 MPa、平均硬度为85 HV、平均伸长率为3.8%。     

热处理对粉末冶金铝铜合金组织性能的影响

以纯铝和氧化铜粉末为原料,运用热等静压原位合成技术,制备了粉末冶金铝铜合金(Al-4.5%Cu)。研究了固溶和时效工艺对其组织和性能的影响,并分析讨论其作用机理。结果表明,粉末冶金法制备的铝铜合金组织均匀、致密,固溶+时效处理使合金硬度、强度明显提高,塑性和韧性略有下降。经过550℃×11 h固溶+150℃×46 h时效处理,合金的维氏硬度HV为1300 MPa,抗拉强度σb为328 MPa,冲击韧性αk为72.85 kJ.m-2,伸长率δ为6.63%。     

Anisotropic microstructure of plasma-sprayed deposits

The microstructure of plasma sprayed deposits (PSD) is dominated by two void systems—interlamellar pores and intralamellar cracks—each with a different anisotropy. Anisotropy of these void systems and varying crack-to-pore ratios within PSDs are responsible for the anisotropic properties observed within deposits. While it is difficult to apply standard porosity measurement techniques to the assessment of anisotropic microstructures, novel techniques utilizing different approaches have recently emerged. Image analysis (IA) of impregnated PSD samples is the most direct technique. The structure is stabilized by impregnation and then polished and imaged. The limitations of IA lie in the impregnation process and in the subsequent polishing. Also, the images produced from anisotropic materials can be difficult to interpret quantitatively. The technique of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has recently been applied to the study of PSDs. The major advantages of SANS are that it does not require sample preparation and that quantitative information can be obtained concerning the separate crack and pore systems, including their distinctive anisotropies. However, the relationship between the SANS results and the underlying structure is more complex and less intuitive than for IA, and the availability of the SANS technique is limited by the need to have access to a powerful neutron source, such as a reactor. Also, the two techniques present different views of the microstructure because of the different sensitivities in different parts of the size range. This article compares results from IA and SANS for a set of thick plasma-sprayed ceramic deposits possessing a range of crack/pore microstructures and discusses how the two techniques might complement one another. This paper originally appeared in Thermal Spray: Meeting the Challenges of the 21st Century; Proceedings of the 15th International Thermal Spray Conference, C. Coddet, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1998. This proceedings paper has been extensively reviewed according to the editorial policy of the Journal of Thermal Spray Technology.     

凝固微观组织的多层次模拟

通过引入溶质再分配、溶质扩散、界面能各向异性和界面曲率,构建了描述合金凝固微观组织形态演变的元胞自动机模型.在介观和微观尺度上的模拟结果表明,该模型可有效地解决微观组织形成的多尺度问题.模拟结果清晰地再现了与实测结果相一致的枝晶形态和生长现象.根据分形理论采用分维定量比较了模拟结果和实验结果,两者的计盒维数分别为1.703和1.694,阐述了分维定量表征枝晶形貌的物理含义.模拟结果表明熔体过冷度和树枝晶的计盒维数呈近似抛物线关系.     

显微组织均匀性对片层Ti-55531合金高周疲劳裂纹萌生的影响

采用高周拉压疲劳试验,测试了片层Ti-55531合金的室温高周疲劳性能。利用TEM、SEM等分析检测方法,研究了近裂纹源区次生裂纹特征,以及显微组织均匀性对高周疲劳裂纹萌生的影响。结果发现:该片状Ti-55531合金室温高周疲劳强度σ_(-1)(1×10~7)可达639 MPa。合金显微组织中含少量晶界α和大量10~50μm大小的组织不均匀区,疲劳变形时,晶界α处开裂或组织不均匀区内次生αs断裂、α_s/β_r界面处开裂等萌生微裂纹,促进合金的疲劳失效。     

轧前初始组织对双向温轧中碳钢组织演变的影响

利用扫描电镜(SEM)和电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)对中碳钢淬火马氏体以及铁素体+珠光体组织在550 ℃双向温轧后的组织演变进行了研究。结果表明：轧前淬火马氏体温轧后渗碳体颗粒在铁素体基体上分布比较均匀,小角度晶界所占比例很高,4道次轧制后亚晶粒尺寸约为1.35 μm,部分铁素体晶粒发生动态再结晶,形成大角度晶界包围的细小的等轴晶粒。而铁素体+珠光体作为轧前组织,温轧后渗碳体颗粒和亚晶粒主要集中在原珠光体区,4道次后平均亚晶粒尺寸约为1.79 μm,等轴细小的铁素体晶粒主要在原珠光体与铁素体边界分布。双向温轧淬火马氏体是获得碳化物颗粒与超细晶铁素体均匀混合组织的有效方法。     

As-cast microstructure of Mg-Al-Zn magnesium alloys

The research achievements on as-cast microstructure in Mg-Al-Zn alloy were summarized. Under permanent mould cast condition, there are four kinds of primary compounds with distinct crystallographic morphology, Mg17Al12（y）, Mg32（Al,Zn）49 （r）, MgZn （e） and a temary icosahedral quasi-crystalline compound （Q）. Accordingly, Mg-Al-Zn alloy can be grouped into γ-,τ-, ε- and Q-type alloy by each characteristic compound. The volume fi＇action of γ-Mg17Al12 in commercial γ-type alloy increases with increasing AI content. MgZn and MgxAlyZnz temary complex compounds emerge with the change of the element content Al and Zn and Zn/Al concentration ratio. A practical phase diagram showing microstructure constituent change with composition was proposed. The addition of micro-alloying elements Y and Sr results in not only obvious refinement of eutectic cluster but also eutectic morphological change fi＇om block to granule.     

Controlled microstructure of arc-sprayed metal shells

Shells made of sprayed ferrous materials are feasible for prototype and limited production tooling. A systematic study of the microstructure of arc-sprayed ferrous structures is presented, demonstrating why these structures display a degree of mechanical anisotropic behavior. The results of controlling oxide formation with inert atomization gases are given, and methods for tailoring the composition and orientation of the lamellae through robotically controlled deposition are discussed.     

Processing and microstructure of alumina-based composites

A study of powder structure and its effect on the sintering tendency of certain alumina-based ceramic systems, that is, Al₂O₃-SiO₂ and Al₂O₃-ZrO₂, was carried out to improve their mechanical strength and fracture toughness. The compacting behavior and the sintering characteristics were optimized through control of various parameters such as composition, compaction pressure, sintering temperature, and time. Best densification was obtained for mixtures prepared using very fine and deagglomerated alumina powders.     

Sn-Ag-Cu-In无铅钎料润湿性能及显微组织

在Sn-1.2Ag-0.6Cu合金中添加0～1.0%的In元素,研究了Sn-Ag-Cu-In无铅钎料的熔化温度、润湿性能及显微组织.结果表明,添加In元素对钎料的熔化温度有一定的降低作用,在相同的试验温度下,含铟钎料粘度更低,流动性更强,钎料的润湿性能随之改善.低银Sn-Ag-Cu钎料在空气中的润湿时间在260℃才达到...