冷冻-凝胶成形法制备定向通孔氧化铝陶瓷

由叔丁醇、氧化铝、丙烯酰胺组成的20%(体积分数,下同)陶瓷浆料,在温度梯度的诱导下,用冷冻-凝胶成形法制备了具有定向通孔结构的氧化铝陶瓷坯体.经过烧结后,制备出了高孔隙率、高强度的定向通孔陶瓷,50%气孔率的陶瓷体具有110 MPa的轴向压缩强度.还研究了距离冷端不同位置孔隙的孔径、开孔率变化规律.     

十六烷基硫酸钠制备Al_2O_3泡沫陶瓷及性能研究

首次以长链表面活性剂十六烷基硫酸钠对氧化铝陶瓷粉体进行修饰,用固相含量(质量分数)为8%~40%的浆料经搅拌发泡制备了颗粒稳定泡沫,常温常压干燥后在1550℃下烧结2 h,得到容重76~355 kg/m~3(气孔率91.1%~98.1%)的轻质氧化铝泡沫陶瓷。研究了p H、十六烷基硫酸钠浓度及浆料固相含量对氧化铝泡沫浆料稳定性以及泡沫陶瓷性能的影响。通过加入质量分数0.2%~1.0%PVA制备稳定泡沫浆料同时有效地提高了干燥泡沫坯体的强度。     

碳化硅质泡沫陶瓷过滤器的研制

以碳化硅、高岭土、氧化铝粉为原料,以混合稀土氧化物为烧结助剂,制成流变性较好的水基陶瓷料浆,将其浸渍在泡沫塑料上,在泡沫体上形成均匀的涂层,最终烧制成具有气孔率高、容重小、强度好、抗热震性强的碳化硅质泡沫陶瓷过滤器。研究了水、乙醇、NaOH、CMC以及NaOH＋CMC对聚氨酯泡沫塑料的表面处理效果。研究发现：经过NaOH和CMC混合处理的泡沫塑料可以获得最佳的挂浆效果;浆料的涂挂量在一定范围内随着固相含量的增加而变好,当固相含量为75％时,可获得均匀稳定适于浸渍的浆料;二次挂浆可以明显地增加泡沫塑料的涂覆量,其孔筋直径是一次挂浆的2倍,增加了泡沫陶瓷过滤器的强度。     

石英质高温闭孔泡沫陶瓷的制备

采用发泡法，以石英为主料，钾长石作熔剂，并添加适量的CaSO4作发泡剂，PVA为粘结剂，干压成型后于1600℃下制备高温闭孔泡沫陶瓷。综合运用SEM、XRD等测试手段对泡沫陶瓷的孔径分布、显微结构、物相组成等进行了表征。结果表明，泡沫陶瓷的气孔率高达63．29％（闭孔气孔率为58．07％，开孔气孔率为5．22％）；体积密度为0．716g／cm^3：抗压强度为4．56MPa：导热系数为0．137W／（m·K）；主晶相为方石英；且孔径和气孔率随着烧成温度升高以及保温时间延长而增大，气孔率越高，泡沫陶瓷的抗压强度越小，导热系数也越小；在相同气孔率的情况下，气孔孔径越小，泡沫陶瓷的导热系数越小。     

铝合金用陶瓷泡沫过滤器的制造和应用

陶瓷泡沫过滤器是最近几年美国统一铝公司和瑞士铝公司研制出的一种新的铝熔体过滤技术。它是将耐高温陶瓷浆灌注在开孔聚氨酯软泡沫中,然后烧掉有机泡沫形成通孔陶瓷结构,它具有繁多而形状复杂的内部。通孔,通孔率达85～95％,在铝铸件浇注系统中放置这种过滤器,可充分过滤出存在于熔体中的细小非金属夹杂物,可铸造用X光照片检查无缺陷的铸件。机械性能特别是延伸率有明显提高。     

聚氨酯模板法低温制备氧化铝泡沫陶瓷过滤器

利用聚氨酯海绵浸渍电熔氧化铝粉末与磷酸二氢铝制成的浆料,得到挂浆素坯,素坯经800℃热解制备了氧化铝泡沫陶瓷过滤器。研究了磷酸二氢铝含量对氧化铝泡沫陶瓷微观形貌、体积密度、线收缩率与抗折强度的影响。结果表明:磷酸二氢铝含量低于10%时,制备的泡沫陶瓷孔筋存在断筋与坍塌缺陷,力学性能较差;随磷酸二氢铝含量的增加,泡沫陶瓷的线收缩率有轻微增大,而体积密度与抗折强度都大幅提高,在磷酸二氢铝含量为30%时,可制得线收缩率为0.85%、体积密度为1.21 g/cm3、抗折强度达4.55 MPa的氧化铝泡沫陶瓷。     

莫来石-碳硅石泡沫陶瓷过滤器的研制

以碳化硅、高岭土、氧化铝粉为主要原料,制备具有较好流变性的水基陶瓷料浆,将其浸渍在泡沫塑料上,制成涂层均匀的泡沫体,最终烧制成具有气孔率高、容重小、强度好、抗热震性强的莫来石-碳硅石质泡沫陶瓷过滤器。研究了氟化钙和氧化铝的加入量、烧成温度等对泡沫陶瓷过滤器工艺性能的影响。试验发现,氧化铝含量为15%,CaF2加入量为4%,在1450℃条件下烧制的陶瓷制品外观结构致密均匀,其主晶相为碳硅石相和莫来石相,抗弯强度可达1.11MPa,抗热震性可达5次。     

碳化硅泡沫陶瓷过滤板的研制

以碳化硅、氧化铝、钾长石为主要原料,高岭土、膨润土为辅助原料,加入少量自研的粘结剂,采用有机前驱体浸渍法,经1440℃烧成制备了具有气孔率高、容重小、水通量大、抗压强度高的碳化硅质泡沫陶瓷板.研究了原料的质量比、浆料浓度、粘结剂和烧成温度等对碳化硅质泡沫陶瓷板工艺性能的影响.     

前驱体制备对三维通孔不锈钢泡沫性能的影响

研究前驱体中浆料浸入量与不锈钢粉末粒径对具有三维通孔网状结构不锈钢泡沫制品的开孔率和抗弯强度的影响。研究发现:随前驱体中浆料浸入量的增加,泡沫制品的抗弯强度逐渐提高,开孔率有所降低;而随着粉末粒径的减小,泡沫制品的抗弯强度显著增大,其开孔率呈轻微降低的趋势。当将44μm的316L不锈钢粉末与添加剂配成料浆浸入20ppi的聚氨酯海绵中,制成浸入量0.5 g/cm3的前驱体,然后在(1 260±2)℃时烧结30 min,可制得孔径大小为1mm左右、具有良好三维通孔结构的不锈钢泡沫,该泡沫的开孔率为81.2%,抗弯强度为51.72 MPa。     

基于空心氧化铝微球造孔的陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮

研究空心氧化铝微球质量分数和粒径（0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mm）对砂轮的总气孔率、抗弯强度、硬度和微观结构的影响，制备以空心氧化铝微球为造孔剂的陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮，并研究砂轮对石英玻璃的磨削性能。结果表明:随着空心氧化铝微球质量分数增加，砂轮总气孔率升高，抗弯强度和硬度降低；空心氧化铝微球质量分数相同时，其粒径越小，砂轮的总气孔率越高，抗弯强度和硬度越低；制备的空心氧化铝微球陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮可用于磨削石英玻璃，加工后石英玻璃的表面粗糙度从0.5113 μm降至0.0206 μm。      

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.