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分别采用SnCl4.5H2O、对甲苯磺酸、NaHSO4.H2O和KHSO4催化苯胺、苯甲醛和环己酮的Mannich缩合反应一锅法合成了2-[苯基(苯胺基)甲基]环己酮(PPMC)。系统考察了原料配比n(环己酮)∶n(苯胺)及n(苯甲醛)∶n(苯胺)、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对PPMC收率的影响,并就四种催化剂催化性能进行了比较。实验结果表明,适宜反应条件为n(苯甲醛)∶n(苯胺)∶n(环己酮)=1∶1∶1.2,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的3.36%~13.45%,反应温度15~25℃,反应时间1~4h,PPMC收率为77.4%~84.2%。其中SnCl4.5H2O和对甲苯磺酸具有较理想的催化活性,催化剂用量少,反应时间短,收率高。该合成工艺路线简捷,催化剂价廉易得,使用方便,反应条件温和,收率可观。 相似文献
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微波辐射相转移催化合成茉莉醛 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用微波辐射结合相转移催化技术在无溶剂条件下苯甲醛与庚醛发生羟醛缩合反应制备茉莉醛。最佳反应条件为 :0 15 g氢氧化钾为碱 ,4 0 0g氧化铝为载体 ,三乙基苄基氯化铵(TEBAC)为相转移催化剂 ,n(PhCHO)∶n(n C6H13CHO)∶n(TEBAC) =2 5 0∶1 0 0∶0 2 5 ,辐射功率 5 6 0W ,辐射时间 6 0s ,茉莉醛的产率达 90 4%。在同样的条件下 ,苯甲醛与辛醛、苯乙酮发生羟醛缩合反应合成了α 己基肉桂醛和查尔酮 ,产率分别为 82 8%和 78 8% 相似文献
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活性炭固载SnCl4·5H2O催化合成阿司匹林 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了以活性炭固载SnCl4·5H2O作催化剂催化合成阿司匹林的反应.考察了催化剂、反应时间、原料比、反应温度和超声波条件下对产率的影响.通过测定产物熔点、熔距和红外吸收光谱来分析了产物的纯度,最佳催化合成条件是∶在n(邻羟基苯甲酸)∶n(乙酸酐)=1∶3,活性炭固载SnCl4·5H2O催化剂1.5 g,反应时间16 min,温度在80~85℃.并在此条件下得到的产率为88.4%.该催化剂是一类高效绿色催化剂. 相似文献
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一锅法合成苯甲醛缩氨基脲 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
以水合肼、尿素和苯甲醛为原料 ,一锅法合成苯甲醛缩氨基脲 ,该工艺中间产物氨基脲不以氨基脲盐酸盐形式分离 ,直接与苯甲醛进行缩合反应 ,且不产生含肼废水。适宜的反应条件为 :n (H2 NNH2 ·H2 O)∶n (H2 NCONH2 )∶n (C6H5CHO) =1 0∶2 0∶0 8,氨基脲合成反应温度 98~ 10 1℃ ,反应时间 3~ 4h ;缩合反应pH =3~ 4 ,滴加时间 1 5h ,室温搅拌 2h ,回流 1h ,产物收率为 98.0 %。 相似文献
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在艺术大师及其流派层出不穷、交相辉映的20世纪初,回顾莫迪里阿尼那一段历史,有着不容忽略的意义.他是一个真正的独行者,游离于所有时髦的艺术流派之外,他独特的人像创作与他对美学独到的理念遥相呼应,确立并巩固了他在现代艺术史上的地位.本文介绍了他不同时期的经历对他的艺术作品的影响,以及他短暂却又卓越的艺术生涯. 相似文献
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从今年4月1日起,国家对斜交轮胎生产企业的消费税征缴从原来的10%调整下降到3%.缴征税的调整,意味着轮胎企业缴税的负担轻了.从某种意义上来讲,有利于经营效益的提高、再生产资金的增加和积累、提高和改善职工的福利,会有更多的资金投入产品的研发和设备的更新改造,这是一个利好消息.但是,笔者认为,这是机遇和挑战并存的非常时期! 相似文献
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The strength of the randomized trial to yield conclusions not dependent on assumptions applies only in an ideal setting. In the real world various complications such as loss-to-follow-up, missing outcomes, noncompliance and nonrandom selection into a trial force a reliance on assumptions. To handle real world complications, it is desirable to make as few and as reasonable assumptions as possible. This article reviews four techniques for using a few reasonable assumptions to design or analyse randomized trials in the presence of specific real world complications: 1) a double sampling design for survival data to avoid strong assumptions about informative censoring, 2) sensitivity analysis for partially missing binary outcomes that uses the randomization to reduce the number of parameters specified by the investigator, 3) an estimate of the effect of treatment received in the presence of all-or-none compliance that requires reasonable assumptions, and 4) statistics for binary outcomes that avoid some assumptions for generalizing results to a target population. 相似文献
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N. Dudai A. Poljakoff-Mayber A. M. Mayer E. Putievsky H. R. Lerner 《Journal of chemical ecology》1999,25(5):1079-1089
Essential oils were extracted from 32 aromatic plants and evaluated for allelopathic properties. The major components of the oils were identified by gas chromatography and GC-MS. Extracts from Origanum syriacum, Micromeria fruticosa, and Cymbopogon citratus were selected for further study. The germination of several species, including wheat, was strongly inhibited by essential oils when applied at 20–80 ppm. Essential oils mixed with the top 0.5 cm of soil inhibited germination of wheat and Amaranthus seeds. This effect depended on the type of soil. The possible use of essential oils as herbicides is discussed. 相似文献
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对目前国内外连续重整技术的发展趋势以及技术进步所面临的问题进行了综述,并介绍了连续重整工艺技术和催化剂的最新进展。 相似文献
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揭示了连续重整的反应温度、压力、空速、氢油比、催化剂循环速率的相互关系,以及催化剂、原料和产品辛烷值对这些参数的影响。通过对比现有连续重整装置的设计参数及实际运行状况,充分考虑连续重整工艺和催化剂的技术进步,对新建连续重整装置的设计参数进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Micah J. Green Author Vitae Natnael Behabtu Author Vitae Matteo Pasquali Author Vitae W. Wade Adams Author Vitae 《Polymer》2009,50(21):4979-81
In this review, we show that the structure and behavior of single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) are essentially polymeric; in fact, many have referred to SWNTs as “the ultimate polymer”. The classification of SWNTS as polymers is explored by comparing the structure, properties, phase behavior, rheology, processing, and applications of SWNTs with those of rigid-rod polymers. Special attention is given to research efforts focusing on the use of SWNTs as molecular composites (also termed nanocomposites) with SWNTs as the filler and flexible polymer chains as the host. This perspective of “SWNTs as polymers” allows the methods, applications, and theoretical framework of polymer science to be appropriated and applied to nanotubes. 相似文献