动态硫化增韧PP/EVAL共混物的研究

研究了简单共混和动态硫化增韧聚丙烯/皂化乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(PP/EVAL)共混物的结构和性能。结果表明:以马来酸酐(MAH)为交联剂,用EVAL动态硫化增韧PP是一种可行的PP增韧方法;随着EVAL用量的增加,共混物的力学性能均随之变化,但动态硫化物的力学性能始终优于简单共混物;当EVAL质量分数为20%时,动态硫化物具有最佳综合性能,冲击强度达到26.5 kJ/m2,较纯PP增加了173.2%,为简单共混物的2.14倍;动态硫化可改善共混物中EVAL颗粒的分散效果;动态硫化可诱导PPβ晶型的形成并提高PP结晶度;动态硫化可增大共混物的内耗,从而增强材料韧性。     

EVA的熔体皂化及其与PP动态硫化共混物的研究

为研究乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)的熔体皂化并拓展其应用,直接将氢氧化钠和EVA熔体共混进行皂化反应制备皂化EVA,并以马来酸酐为交联剂,采用动态硫化技术将其同聚丙烯(PP)共混制备PP/EVA共混物。结果表明:熔体皂化可在EVA的侧链上生成游离的羟基;通过改变混炼时间、混炼温度和碱用量可实现EVA的可控熔体皂化。以皂化EVA为原料制备的PP/EVA共混物拉伸、冲击性能均高于PP/未经皂化处理的EVA共混物。当EVA的皂化度为49.5%时,PP/EVA共混物具有最佳的力学性能和熔体流动性。经EVA熔体皂化、动态硫化技术制备的PP/EVA共混物中EVA具有更好的分散效果。     

TPU/EVM动态硫化共混物的流变性能

采用熔融共混法制备热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯橡胶(EVM)动态硫化共混物,并研究其流变性能.结果表明,未硫化共混物熔体的表观粘度(ηa)随着温度的升高而减小;动态硫化前后熔体的ηa均随着剪切速率的增大而减小,熔体属于假塑性流体;共混物熔体的ηa随着TPU用量的增大而减小,假塑性变弱.     

动态硫化增韧聚丙烯／三元乙丙橡胶共混物的研究

研究了动态硫化和简单共混增韧聚丙烯（PP）／三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）共混物的力学性能、形态结构、流动性能和脆韧转变。结果表明：动态硫化的增韧效率要比简单共混的增韧效率高；随着EPDM用量的增加，共混物的力学性能均随之发生变化，流动性明显降低；简单共混物的橡胶颗粒尺寸随EPDM含量的增加呈增大趋势，而动态硫化可以降低橡胶颗粒的尺寸；动态硫化物的临界基体层厚度大约为0.3μm，简单共混物的临界基体层厚度大约为0．2μm，并且动态硫化和简单共混物均在各自的临界基体层厚度处发生脆韧转变，验证了wu氏增韧理论。     

PP/EVA共混物的动态硫化研究

研究了动态硫化对聚丙烯/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(PP/EVA)共混物的性能和结构的影响。结果表明:动态硫化使PP/EVA共混物的力学性能(尤其是韧性)获得显著提高;通过对交联剂BIPB用量和助硫化剂S用量的合理控制可制得综合性能优异的PP/EVA动态硫化共混物;动态硫化可细化分散于PP基体中的EVA颗粒粒径,改善EVA的分散效果。最终制得的抗冲PP料主要性能均达到或超过国外同类产品水平。     

PP/POE/MVQ共混材料的制备及性能研究

研究了混炼顺序、动态硫化工艺及共混比例对聚丙烯/乙烯-辛稀弹性体/硅橡胶(PP/POE/MVQ)共混材料性能的影响。结果表明:先将POE与MVQ动态硫化制备成热塑性弹性体(PMTPV),然后与PP共混,所制得共混材料的力学性能较三元同时共混所得材料的性能更佳;采用双螺杆挤出机动态硫化工艺制备的PMTPV,其综合性能优于采用转矩流变仪动态硫化工艺制备的材料;随着PMTPV比例的增加,共混材料的拉伸强度和撕裂强度有所下降,同时硬度下降,断裂伸长率和熔体流动速率提高,表面张力降低。     

动态硫化增韧Co-PP/EVA共混物研究

研究了动态硫化和简单共混增韧共聚级聚丙烯(Co-PP)/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)共混物的力学性能、流动性能、形态结构和脆韧转变。结果表明:动态硫化共混物力学性能尤其是冲击强度明显优于简单共混物的,流动性则差于简单共混物的,动态硫化共混物中EVA颗粒尺寸小于简单共混物的;采用Wu氏增韧理论对2种共混物的脆韧转变进行了分析,动态硫化共混物的临界基体层厚度约为0.55μm,简单共混物的临界基体层厚度约0.60μm。     

动态硫化氯化丁基橡胶/聚丙烯酸乙酯共混物的熔体流变行为

研究了由不同动态硫化时间制备的氯化丁基橡胶(CIIR)和聚丙烯酸乙酯(PEA)共混物熔体的流变行为。结果表明,在不同的动态硫化时间里,CIIR／PEA共混物熔体的黏度均随着剪切速率的增加而先增后减,共混物熔体显示出膨胀性流动和假塑性流动相复合的复杂流变行为;动态硫化时间越长,熔体的最大黏度越小,动态硫化时间越短,熔体的最大黏度越大。在高剪切速率下,共混物熔体均具有适宜于模塑的良好流动性。     

OMMT对EVAC/无卤阻燃共聚聚酯性能的影响

以纳米有机蒙脱土(OMMT)作为乙烯–乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVAC)/无卤阻燃共聚聚酯(P-PET)共混物的改性剂,采用熔融挤出共混法制备了EVAC/P-PET共混合金。通过力学性能、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、熔体流动速率(MFR)、极限氧指数(LOI)、热失重分析(TGA)等手段,研究了OMMT对共混合金性能的影响。结果表明,OMMT提高了共混合金的综合性能,当EVAC/P-PET/OMMT配比为70/30/3时,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率比不含OMMT的体系分别提高了63.7%和38.1%,同时改善了共混合金的结晶性能。MFR分析表明,OMMT的加入降低了共混合金的熔体流动性能。LOI和TGA表明,OMMT的加入提高了共混合金的阻燃性和热稳定性。     

助交联剂对动态硫化聚烯烃弹性体/聚丙烯共混物性能的影响

以纯度为40%的双叔丁基过氧化二异丙基苯为交联剂、异氰尿酸三烯丙酯为助交联剂,研究了动态硫化的温度和转速对于聚烯烃弹性体/聚丙烯(POE/PP)共混物的性能以及异氰尿酸三烯丙酯的用量对于POE/PP共混物的性能和转矩的影响。结果表明,POE/PP共混物的拉伸强度、扯断伸长率和300%定伸应力都随动态硫化温度的升高而先增大后减小,撕裂强度随动态硫化温度的升高而减小,动态硫化温度为180℃时的总体力学性能较好;随着动态硫化转速的提高,POE/PP共混物的拉伸强度和300%定伸应力都先增大后减小,扯断伸长率减小,撕裂强度则增大,动态硫化的转速为50 r/min时共混物的总体力学性能较好。助交联剂异氰尿酸三烯丙酯的加入明显提高了POE/PP共混物动态硫化时的转矩,其用量以1份(质量)为宜。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.