TiO2/SrTiO3光子晶体薄膜的制备及光电催化性能

以单分散聚苯乙烯(PS)微球在FTO导电玻璃表面自组装形成的蛋白石(Opal)结构为模板,使用溶胶-凝胶法进行TiO2前驱体的填充,退火后制备出反蛋白石结构的TiO2光子晶体薄膜。进一步通过水热反应将部分TiO2反应生成SrTiO3从而形成TiO2/SrTiO3异质结。通过多种手段技术表征了所制备材料和结构的晶型,形貌及其光电化学性能。研究结果表明,SrTiO3的负载量和晶粒大小可以通过水热反应时间调控。在经过0.5h的水热反应后,SrTiO3的负载量为9.6%,TiO2/SrTiO3薄膜保持了原有的光子晶体结构,且光电流增大了82%。TiO2/SrTiO3异质结构的形成能有效地促进光生载流子的分离,提高光电催化性能。     

碳球模板剂对TiO2光阳极微结构及其光电性能影响研究

以葡萄糖为原料水热合成碳球作为模板剂,将其与TiO2纳米晶共混制备纳米多孔TiO2光阳极。采用场发射电子扫描电镜(SEM)、台阶仪、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)等对TiO2薄膜的表面形貌、厚度和散射能力进行表征。研究发现,随着碳球含量的增加,光阳极单位体积内的表面积先增加后减小;薄膜对光的散射能力也呈现同样趋势。采用所制备的光阳极组装染料敏化太阳能电池,性能测试结果表明,随着碳球含量的增加,电池短路电流密度先增加,后减小。当碳球加入量为TiO2纳米晶质量的3%时,电池光电转换效率达到最佳为5.15%。     

TiO2纳米结构在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

利用纳米结构材料作为光阳极制备的染料敏化太阳电池被称为纳米结构染料敏化太阳电池(NDSSC).一般而言,它由纳米结构金属氧化物半导体的光阳极、染料敏化剂,电解质和对电极等几个部分组成.目前,纳米结构光阳极的研究主要集中在如何优化设计和成功制备各种纳米结构的光阳极材料,以改善NDSSC的光电转换性能.本文着重介绍了各种TiO2纳米结构,例如TiO2晶粒薄膜、TiO2准一维纳米结构、TiO2纳米复合物膜层、TiO2核-壳纳米结构、TiO2量子点敏化结构以及串联电池结构等在NDSSC中的应用,并评论了它们最近的主要研究进展.     

染料敏化太阳电池CuAl2O4/TiO2光阳极制备及性能

采用柠檬酸法制备了尖晶石型纳米晶CuAl2O4,将其添加到P25(degussa,TiO2)中,制备成CuAl2O4/TiO2薄膜光阳极,并组装成染料敏化太阳电池(DSSC),对其光电性能进行表征。结果表明:CuAl2O4的加入,电池性能得到提高;当CuAl2O4含量为2%(质量分数)时,与纯TiO2薄膜光阳极相比,光电转化效率提高了39.1%。     

碳掺杂TiO2纳米管电极的简易制备及其光电化学性能

通过阳极氧化方法制备了TiO₂纳米管薄膜, 在NaHCO₃存在下对该薄膜进行热处理得到碳掺杂TiO₂(C-TiO₂)纳米管薄膜, 通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和Mott-Schottky等方法对得到的薄膜进行表征。XRD结果表明C-TiO₂纳米管薄膜中的TiO₂主要为锐钛矿晶型; SEM结果显示薄膜存在纳米管结构; XPS分析表明C-TiO₂纳米管薄膜中的C以替代型掺杂形式进入到TiO₂晶格中; 光电化学性能测试显示, 相对于TiO₂纳米薄膜, C-TiO₂阻抗减小, 平带电位由-0.28 V负移至-0.38 V, 具有更好的紫外-可见光和可见光响应, 紫外-可见光下的光电流是未掺杂的1.7倍。利用阳极氧化的Ti丝作为光阳极和Pt丝作为对电极组装了染料敏化太阳能电池并进行了性能测试, 结果表明, 经过碳掺杂的Ti /TiO₂丝为光阳极电池的短路电流密度和电池效率分别达到0.17 mA/cm²和3.8%, 较未掺杂的Ti/TiO₂丝为光阳极的电池的短路电流密度和电池效率均增大, 表明适量的碳掺杂有利于提高电池效率。     

TiCl4处理提高染料敏化太阳能电池光电转换性能的研究

采用TiCl4对染料敏化纳米TiO2薄膜太阳能电池的光阳极基板和TiO2薄膜进行处理(以下简称为前处理和后处理),并将其组装成电池器件.主要研究了在70℃的条件下,TiCl4前处理和后处理对电池光电性能的影响.Ⅰ-Ⅴ曲线和扫描电镜结果显示,染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池基板经TiCl4处理后可以增大电池的开路电压;TiO2薄膜经过TiCl4处理后可以增大电池短路电流密度.经过前后处理的电池开路电压从670mV提高到703mV,短路电流密度从7.28mA/cm2提高到11.27mA/cm2,电池效率从3.71％提高到4.72％.     

柔性TiO_2光阳极的制备及其应用

将TiO2纳米布状结构转移到柔性ITO/PEN衬底上,TiO2纳米布状结构与ITO/PEN衬底之间通过添加透明导电胶连接起来,在120℃处理20min。进行SEM,UV-vis测试,并且将光阳极组装成染料敏化太阳能电池。结果表明:添加了透明导电胶,可以极大增加光电转化效率。     

NiCr_2O_4/TiO_2薄膜光阳极的制备及性能研究

采用柠檬酸法制备了尖晶石型NiCr2O4纳米晶,然后掺合到P25(degussa TiO2)中,制备成NiCr2O4/TiO2薄膜光阳极,并组装成染料敏化太阳电池(DSSC),对其光电性能进行表征。研究发现NiCr2O4/TiO2形成界面势,NiCr2O4的扩散形成电势分布,促使光生电子和空穴向相反方向迁移。当NiCr2O4含量为1%(质量分数)时,与纯TiO2薄膜光阳极相比,光电转化效率(η)提高了30.8%,电池单色光转化率(IPCE)提高了13%(500nm)。     

染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极TiO2薄膜的研究进展

在概述染料敏化太阳能电池工作原理基础上,着重分析电池光阳极TiO2薄膜的特性,并指出该薄膜在电池中所起的作用:负载染料、收集光生电子、分离电荷和传输光生电子;继而从表面修饰、离子掺杂、量子点敏化、制备复合薄膜、设计微观有序空间结构、设计核壳结构以及多手段共改性等方面对TiO2薄膜改性手段进行综述,并详细分析改性手段优化染料敏化太阳能电池性能的原因;最后,提出应把优化光阳极TiO2薄膜制备工艺及探讨薄膜接触面工作机理等作为今后的研究重点。     

聚苯乙烯和聚乙二醇对TiO2薄膜微观结构及DSSC性能的影响

用水热法制备了多孔TiO2光电薄膜;分析了聚苯乙烯和聚乙二醇对纳米TiO2晶体薄膜微观结构的影响;用紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计和场发射扫描电镜对纳米TiO2薄膜进行了表征;并对组装的染料敏化太阳能电池进行了光电性能测试,发现用聚苯乙烯处理后的TiO2薄膜提高了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的开路电压、短路电流密度、填充因子和光电转换效率.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.