基于雾滴谱分布的雾场散射特征分析

不同地区的平流雾和辐射雾具有差异化的雾滴谱分布,导致雾场对光辐射具有不同的衰减特性。Mie散射适用于描述雾场气溶胶微粒的散射与衰减,光传播遵循动态的粒子数守恒过程。采用雾滴谱分布函数修正气溶胶微粒的相位矩阵,分析了红外光在雾场气溶胶微粒团簇中的散射光偏振性。结果表明,决定雾场气溶胶微粒退偏特性的因素主要包括雾滴谱分布、雾滴折射率、吸收系数以及入射波长等。在前向散射区域内,退偏性随能见度的增加而减弱,在大部分后向散射区域内,表现出相反的趋势。     

霾天气气溶胶谱分布特征分析

霾天气是一种常见的天气现象,它严重影响大气能见度和大气光传输。为了研究霾气溶胶的特性,利用粒子计数器对不同地区霾天气气溶胶实际测量结果使用Junge谱和对数正态谱对霾气溶胶粒子谱进行拟合,得到不同地区霾气溶胶粒子谱分布的特征,最后还分析了霾天气过程中气溶胶粒子大小随相对湿度的变化规律。     

典型地区大气气溶胶谱分布和复折射率特征研究

为了研究典型地区大气气溶胶的谱分布和复折射率的特性,综合运用了黑碳仪、能见度仪、积分浊度仪以及光学粒子计数器等仪器对大气气溶胶进行测量。根据球形粒子的Mie散射理论,利用各仪器测量的数据反演得到气溶胶复折射率,并分析了各个地区的粒子谱分布特征,消光系数和吸收系数随波长的变化关系。结果表明,新疆地区、天津地区、厦门地区及合肥地区的大气气溶胶折射率实部nr都在1.5左右,虚部ni分别为0.01、0.017、0.008和0.016。新疆地区的数浓度谱分布可以用Junge分布来描述,天津地区、合肥地区和厦门地区数浓度谱分布可以用Junge分布和对数正态分布来共同描述。最后还对四地区气溶胶消光和吸收特性随波长的变化关系进行描述,这对于研究气溶胶气候效应具有一定的参考价值。     

基于光声光谱技术的大气气溶胶吸收系数测量

气溶胶光吸收特性是影响气溶胶大气辐射强迫的重要因素,光声光谱技术被认为是测量气溶胶光吸收特性的理想方法之一。利用扫描电迁移率粒径谱仪和自行设计的气溶胶吸收光声光谱仪对合肥郊区大气气溶胶的粒径分布和吸收系数进行了连续测量,获得了某一时段大气气溶胶粒径谱和吸收系数的变化趋势,分析发现大气气溶胶的吸收系数与其数浓度和粒径分布存在较好的正相关性,且碳质气溶胶的排放是影响该地区大气气溶胶光吸收特性的主要原因。     

大气气溶胶对激光传输衰减的影响研究

在大气气溶胶类型、谱分布的基础上,利用Mie散射理论计算气溶胶在可见光和近红外波段的散射和衰减特性,讨论分析了大气气溶胶对可见光和近红外波段激光传输衰减的影响,计算结果表明,激光传输在很大程度上受粒子的折射率和谱分布的影响;不同类型气溶胶粒子具有不同的折射率和谱分布参数,从而决定了其具有不同的散射和吸收特性;气溶胶粒子的数密度越大,其衰减和散射能力就越强,对激光传输的衰减也就越大;但前后向散射的不对称性只与气溶胶谱分布有关,与数密度无关.所得出的结论有助于准确评估大气气溶胶对激光传输的影响以及提高激光传输、通信和激光测风等应用.     

合肥、岳西、厦门和北京气溶胶谱分布特征分析

为了研究中国东部典型地区气溶胶粒子谱分布特征,建立东部典型地区的气溶胶粒子谱分布模式,1998年11月～2010年6月期间,使用光学粒子计数器对合肥、岳西、厦门和北京等地区的大气气溶胶进行了长期测量.使用对数正态分布对谱分布进行拟合,对不同地区不同月份的气溶胶谱分布进行了统计和对比分析,初步建立中国东部典型地区气溶胶谱...     

合肥、东南沿海地区气溶胶光学特性测量及模式分析

对合肥和东南沿海地区气溶胶粒子的光学特性进行了较为系统地实验观测和统计分析,并初步建立了两个典型地区气溶胶光学特性的模式,对这些地区气溶胶粒子的尺度谱分布、数浓度、散射和吸收系数以及大气能见度获得了规律性认识,这有助于较为全面地了解合肥和东南沿海地区大气气溶胶粒子的各种光学特征量,并可深入了解陆地和海洋型气溶胶粒子的光学特性.     

沙尘天气的气溶胶特性研究

沙尘天气是一种特殊的天气现象,为了研究沙尘天气下气溶胶的特性,利用激光雷达和粒子计数器的实际测量结果,对浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴三种天气下沙尘气溶胶谱分布特性进行了分析,并分析了风的扬沙作用。最后利用激光雷达测量结果对扬沙天气的形成发展和消退过程进行了分析。     

可见光和红外波段大气体散射强度特性

搜集整理了气溶胶、雾和雨的观测资料,运用米氏理论计算并分析了大气体散射强度特性.结果表明:大气体散射能量主要集中在前向较窄的散射角区间内,体散射相函数随散射角的分布取决于粒子尺度谱、波长和复折射指数,不同类型粒子体散射相函数随散射角的分布特性有较大的差异;大气单散射反照率受波长和复折射指数虚部影响,其值范围变化较大,相...     

海洋大气气溶胶粒子谱分布及其消光特征分析

为研究海洋大气气溶胶粒子数浓度时空分布和粒径谱分布特征,2014年8月至2016年3月期间,利用光学粒子计数器和自动气象站等设备在广州茂名海边、东海和南海海域、三亚近海海域以及太平洋和印度洋海域对海洋大气气溶胶粒子数密度谱及大气温度、湿度、气压、风速等进行了测量。对不同海域不同气象条件下的谱分布特征进行了统计分析,并对谱分布进行了拟合。结果表明海洋大气气溶胶粒子谱分布是由一个细粒模和一个中间模组成,但近海的粒子数浓度大于远海。远海气溶胶粒子谱型稳定,海面风力是引起粒子数浓度变化的主要原因。东海和南海的粒子谱分为二段,小于0.5 m时用Junge谱的指数分布来描述,0.5~4 m段用对数正态分布来描述。大风天气下海洋气溶胶的消光系数明显增加,且在1~3 m波段的消光特征基本不受波长的影响。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first